Fluent Essays

a 5-6 slide presentation clearly describing your project - why it is important, the literature that provides the academic foundation for it and a clear description of methods. These are due by Jan 13. ( See Below the capstone 1st draft ) abadi_first_draft.docx Unformatted Attachment Preview 1 Running head: TRAINING EMS STUDENTS FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT Training EMS students for Disaster Management Nicki Philadelphia University Master of Science in Disaster Medicine and Management Spring 2020 DISASTER MANAGEMENT TRAINING FOR EMS STUDENTS Table of Contents Page 4: Abstract Page 5: Introduction Page 8: Literature Review Page 12: Methods Page 14: Discussion Page 17: Recommendations Page 18: Conclusion Page 19: References 2 DISASTER MANAGEMENT TRAINING FOR EMS STUDENTS 3 Abstract Disaster preparedness is the actual readiness of various nations and organizations to respond effectively during a catastrophe. Effective Emergency Medical Service (EMS) training and education can reduce the negative consequences that are associated with the safety of an individuals integrity and proper functioning of physical structures and systems. The study identified the existing gaps in EMS student education and training. Smooth integration of courses that address disaster into the EMS curriculum at the undergraduate level is appropriate and recommended to prepare the next EMS professionals. The research study advocates for an effective EMS system to plan effectively for mitigation measures and responses in case of disaster incidences and public crises. Adequate preparation of EMS professional students and other healthcare providers can reduce the health risks associated with disaster considerably before it occurs. Development of disaster management programs and courses are precise tools for helping EMS students to prepare for disasters adequately. Holding regular exercises, drills, and events such as the education conference are the best ways of preparing students. The current study aims to understand the level of EMS students in addressing incidences of catastrophe in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It also looks forward to explore different skills, trainings, and knowledge possessed by Alghad EMS students in disaster management. DISASTER MANAGEMENT TRAINING FOR EMS STUDENTS 4 Training EMS Students for Disaster Management Disasters, whether they are natural or man made, have a profound devastating effect on global populations (Lynn et al., 2018). Disaster incidences can be catastrophic because they lead to the destruction of lives and public infrastructures and consequent healthcare delivery concerns (Valdmanis, Bernet, & Moises, 2010). Disasters can be natural, manmade, or sometimes hybrid i.e. combination of both (Sidle, Gomi, Akasaka, & Koyanagi, 2018). Currently, the accidents range from human made to natural, and as such, it is essential to have an Emergency Medical Services (EMS) agency that is prepared to deal with the consequences of the disaster. According to the Asian Disaster Reduction Center, disasters refer to severe disruption of the proper functioning of the society, which causes damage to a wide range of humans, infrastructure. and environment. During natural calamities, the damage and loss to infrastructure disrupts the basic backbone of a country or an area (Ejike, 2019). In such a situation, communication is cut off between people. Disasters can lead to telecommunication systems getting damaged as well as the network of roads getting disconnected from populous localities. As a consequence, disaster diminishes the ability of a community to cope with the dire effects of disaster and to exploit its resources in the best possible manner for positive outcomes. Emergency Medical Services leaders need to understand the areas they work in, in order to serve the patients effectively. The current project thus attempts to explore and reflect current practices related to disaster training, education, and endeavors to find essential components of operational EMS students in Saudi Arabia. Historically, EMS has not been able to improve enough in managing and preparing for disaster in their respective areas (Karlsson, Saveman & Gyllencreutz, 2019). EMS has the mindset of thinking in a reactionary manner, where the action is taken after a catastrophe has hit DISASTER MANAGEMENT TRAINING FOR EMS STUDENTS 5 a place. However, disaster planning must be a prime focus of EMS agency, in order to mitigate the risks to human beings. On the other hand, preparedness is a continuing sequence of plan development, analyses and acquisition, and team performance skills, which are achieved through exercises, drills, training, and critiques. The practice of EMS planning varies according to the location of the communities (Cope et al., 2018). For instance, some people live in areas that are prone to natural disasters (Lynn et al., 2018). Such areas may face different natural geographical disasters include earthquakes’, dry rockfalls, volcanoes, avalanches, and landslides. These catastrophes are inevitable in most cases, and therefore the community has to stay alert and prepared for risk mitigation. Other climaterelated forms of disasters include storms, floods, tropical cyclones, dust storms, heat and cold waves, and drought and wildfires (Willyard, 2010). Healthcare professionals take an integrative approach to address a catastrophe whenever it occurs. The emergency medical service (EMS) students play a notable role in disaster management and provide emergency care during incidences of disasters (Willyard, 2010). EMS students should possess the appropriate knowledge, leadership abilities, and skills, to deal with challenging situations. Most often, disasters or failures happen without warning. As such, EMS students should be familiar with different disaster procedures and management approaches. Disaster preparedness is another crucial step in the management of disaster before it occurs (Wanner & Jasper, 2018). Successful operations in responding to disaster cases depend on the level of disaster preparedness, phases, and resources. EMS professionals, on the other hand, should take effective measures during emergencies such as disasters. Various disciplines, especially in healthcare setup, should be adequately prepared by received appropriate education DISASTER MANAGEMENT TRAINING FOR EMS STUDENTS because they are actively involved in multiple disaster management incidences (Tipler, Tarrant, Johnston, & Tuffin, 2017). Multiple approaches of disaster management through different approaches include the availability of plans of dealing with various situations and other disaster-related contingencies, disaster management courses, regular management drills, and integrating disaster management subjects in the curriculum studies (Ryan, George, Mitchell, Nelson, & Kue, 2018). A wellintegrated system by adequately preparing for disaster cases can reduce the impacts of disasters on affected localities and nations (Cope et al., 2018). Disaster management is a challenging situation for health care providers in various settings. Including the courses of disaster management in the curriculum is a mechanism of inducing knowledge to undergraduate students during the simulation of disaster management (Austin, Hannafin & Nelson, 2013). Disaster content should be indicated in the undergraduate curriculum to encourage learners to apply knowledge, skills, and ideas needed in emergencies. Students should understand and apply knowledge of ensuring patient safety, assessing the patient, nursing intervention, leadership, and giving the students opportunities of thinking critically during disaster cases. Besides, educating EMS students to prepare future practitioners to handle emergency cases. Inducing disaster preparedness measures EMS curriculum is recommended because it exposes learners to the right knowledge and attitudes of adequately becoming prepared for disasters and mitigation procedures (AlShammari, Jennings, & Williams, 2018). The experience of the student and awareness can be facilitated when students are exposed to disaster orientation workshops and organized drills to help them in developing an interest in the topic. 6 DISASTER MANAGEMENT TRAINING FOR EMS STUDENTS 7 The recent concern of Saudi Arabia on the issue of disaster management is essential in the development of undergraduate education among emergency medical students in Saudi Arabia. There lacks a substantial plan of national disaster management, and the Ministry of Interior, in collaboration with other institutions and departments, proposed a disaster plan (Al-Otaibi, 2018). The health ministry prepared the disaster plan intending to collaborate with various departments and institutions to manage incidences of natural disasters that might occur in different parts of Saudi Arabia. The current study advocates appropriate EMS system for mitigation measures and response during emergency cases. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was affected by several disaster incidences since the last decade (Al-Otaibi, 2018). Still, they lacked a form of publicized information that showcases the level of preparedness by Saudi Arabia EMS students on matters regarding disaster incidences (Alrazeeni, 2014). Since the occurrence of Jeddah floods about a decade ago, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has raised more concerns on the issue of establishing an effective plan of managing a disaster (Abdulrazzak et al., 2019). Besides, there lacks appropriate study in Saudi Arabia that has explored the level of preparedness by EMS students on matters regarding disaster management. Adequate preparation of EMS professional students and other healthcare providers can reduce the health risks associated with disaster considerably before it occurs. As such, the purpose of the study is to understand EMS students levels in addressing catastrophe incidents in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. DISASTER MANAGEMENT TRAINING FOR EMS STUDENTS 8 Literature Review Disaster training is an issue of concern among different law enforcing agencies, government, and emergency medical services (EMS). Physicians training in disaster response and medicine has not yet been standardized or required by training programs in the USA. The review of the current literature has revealed various survey-based studies in an attempt to address the topic of disaster preparedness training among medical physicians and students. Many medical schools provide little or no disaster education (Holmes, 2018). In a survey, only about 20.7 \% of medical schools undertake their medical students through a disaster training program. A study report was used to showcase the number of hours spent by the school while learning about disaster-related instructions. Some schools have developed the habit of offering elective rotations and optional seminars of disaster-related activities. Notably, some schools have taken an integrative approach of utilizing simulation training. For instance, a school in Texas has reported that it uses a more extensive- scale disaster training facility to train its medical students (Wanner & Jasper, 2018). Moreover, a school in Philadelphia has taken an integrative approach which requires an 8-hour course that is spread in about 2-3 weeks to conduct simulation training and perform ending with a form of disaster exercise in which the first-year medical students act as victims of full-scale disaster exercise. Educating residents on various topics about the topics is variable depending on individual training programs and level of specialty. Disaster preparedness is essential for emergency medicine and is usually provided in general surgeries, albeit there lacks a standardized curriculum (Ryan et al., 2018). Specialties, including anesthesiology and family medicine, recommend an effective response to train residents to respond effectively to disasters. However, DISASTER MANAGEMENT TRAINING FOR EMS STUDENTS 9 emergency medicine residencies are required to hold experience in emergency preparedness and measures of disaster management (Sarin et al., 2017). Besides, emergency medicine residences are required to take active participation in multi-casualty forms of drills (Holmes, 2018). On the other hand, there is no specific condition regarding the amount of time and approaches used to conduct the pre-disaster assessment. A study was carried out to showcase the amount of time spent to conduct disaster training for several specialties on an annual basis. Results showcase that emergency medicine receives the most amount of training (7.5 hours), followed by a survey (3.1 hours), internal medicine (1.1 hours), and pediatrics (0.5 hours). The results suggest the need for all residents in the specialty to receive more training. An emergency medicine initiative program was conducted back in 2017 to evaluate the level of training in disaster medicine amongst the residents of emergency medicine residents. The study incorporated the use of methods of rotation, tabletop exercises, and formal courses, including advanced and basic life support. In a study comparing general surgery and emergency medicine, emergency medicine residents receive more training than general residents (Holmes, 2018). Despite the increased emergency medicine military training, participation in exercises, documentation training, and actual disaster response that is associated with self-reported comfort in caring for patients in a disaster situation (Lynn et al., 2018). Research conducted suggests a need for increased training in preparedness and actual disaster response during disaster situations for residents and physicians who play a notable role in mass or disaster incidences. A study conducted in 2015 was meant to find out the level of preparedness to handle incidences of natural disasters or disease outbreaks. Only a few professionals seemed fit to handle the CBRNE incident (Ejike, N. C. (2019). On the issue of disaster training for physicians, there exist many opportunities that are available without a standard form of training programs. DISASTER MANAGEMENT TRAINING FOR EMS STUDENTS 10 In a study meant to understand the disaster training that is available to emergency physicians and results indicate a considerable amount of available opportunities. The fellowship is another form of training disaster medicine to physicians who have a keen interest in disaster medicine. Furthermore, there are many health-related courses in different online sources, whereas several allow actual simulation components. A good example is the one available in the federal emergency management agency (FEMA). There is a need to include physicians in clinical and non-clinical disaster forms of preparedness, which includes attending lectures, virtual simulation, and attending scenarios. Training is a vital activity in ensuring adequate preparedness of handling disaster and emergency cases amongst the EMS students (Holmes, 2018). For instance, the health care providers of Boston are credited with effective mechanisms of responding to an accident, as evidenced in the Boston Marathon Bombing. Adequate training and preparation by physicians working in a disaster situation can obstruct the response potential hazard when it occurs (Sarin et al., 2017). During disaster cases, physicians are supposed to provide care to the victims. Medical schools have started to provide disaster training for students. Physicians at various specialties should consider the potential role of disasters and prepare adequately to handle emergency cases. Since disasters are unpredictable, it is vital to be adequately prepared, and it’s essential because exercise and training can help physicians plan effectively for successfully and respond to all forms of disasters (Austin, Hannafin, & Nelson, 2013). The September terrorist attack of 2001 provided an avenue for effective measures of preparedness to tackle disaster incidences. Aviation incorporates other disaster preparedness measures that are common as air accidents continue to occur in different parts of the world (Choi DISASTER MANAGEMENT TRAINING FOR EMS STUDENTS 11 & Hanaoka, 2019). In the USA, all Airports are required by the federal aviation administration to have an Airport Emergency Plan (AEP). The issue has raised concern over the recent cases of aviation disasters, including the Istanbul Ataturk Attack, Fly Dubai airline at Rostov on- Don Airport, and Zaventem airport, which occurred in Brussels, Belgium. Two major airplane accidents have occurred in Saudi Arabia in King Khalid and comprise one of the most magnificent airplane crashes in history (Choi & Hanaoka, 2019). A significant factor that contributed to the fatal accident was the inability of the airport authorities to ensure the availability of adequate equipment and training to effectively function during incidences of disasters (Choi & Hanaoka, 2019). The other accident is the Jeddah accident of 1991 at King Abdul- Aziz Airport. Jeddah accident happened as a result of mechanical error. In another event in Saudi Arabia, a Russian airplane was hijacked after taking off in Istanbul. It was forced to land at Prince Mohammed bin Abdel Aziz airport to refuel and before proceeding to Afghanistan. Airports are at high risk of disaster. Airports are required to prepare for disaster adequately. A study was conducted to investigate the level of medical preparedness for disaster at big Saudi Arabia Airports. The study incorporated the use of mixed-methods and was facilitated between the period of one month in 2016. Besides, the study used a semi-structured interview with three members of the airport committee involved in disaster response. A form of a questionnaire on matters regarding disaster preparedness was distributed to various airports. Interview data were summarized narratively, graphs, and tables to calculate the mean and median of the quantitative variables. The result of the airport consists of adequate provisions needed for disaster management. For instance, there is a need to have a fair number of trained personnel to provide care during the initial response. Another was a lack of adequate physicians that are DISASTER MANAGEMENT TRAINING FOR EMS STUDENTS 12 directed to provide medical services, fatality management plans, community involvement plan, and care in place plan. Typical airports of Saudi Arabia have appropriately done a notable job identifying and preparing items essential for effective, responsive measures. Methods The paper comprises various lessons that attempt to construct a model of disaster management as related to EMS students considering they are the first to get to the emergency scene. The conference is divided into various sections that review information from different Journals, FEMA, Websites, and newspapers. Related literature will be used to build up a three days’ course of disaster medicine and management for EMS students and Alghad International Colleges located in Madina, Saudi Arabia. The conference that is scheduled to take palace three days throughout the week and will only consume 3 hours at maximum, and thus every student required to come should not fail. Various lecturer representatives from the Department of Applied Medical Sciences are expected to deliver various speeches on essential topics about modern forms of Technologies for crisis management and critically assessed the disaster vulnerabilities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. About 50 EMS students are expected to attend the event that is going to overview and engage EMS students in various topics that pertain to disaster management. Besides, I will email multiple speakers, expert manners from different emergency departments and agencies aside with professional professors to take active participation and talk a few statements. The conference will be held in Alghad International Colleges, located in Madina, Saudi Arabia, with the aim of preparing emergency medical services (EMS) students in Alghad. All the graduating students are required to participate in the conference. I will make a request to Alghad director to contact Rayan Alyaseen, a specialist in Disaster management at King Saud DISASTER MANAGEMENT TRAINING ... Purchase answer to see full attachment