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From what you have read so far, discuss why System Safety has a role in the US manufacturing industry and how it can assist in reducing industrial deaths and injuries.In no more than 300 words, post your response in current APA formatMIL-STD-882, Standard Practice for System Safety by the Department of Defense (DoD)Section 1 - ScopeSection 3 - DefinitionsAppendix A (Guidance for the System Safety Effort), Section 3 - DefinitionsReview the article by Clifton Ericson in the May-June 2006 issue of the Journal of System Safety for an overview of the history and purpose of the MIL-STD-882 series.A Short History of System Safety mil_std_882e.pdf Unformatted Attachment Preview NOT MEASUREMENT SENSITIVE MIL-STD-882E 11 May 2012 SUPERSEDING MIL-STD-882D 10 February 2000 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE STANDARD PRACTICE SYSTEM SAFETY AMSC N/A AREA SAFT MIL-STD-882E FOREWORD 1. This Standard is approved for use by all Military Departments and Defense Agencies within the Department of Defense (DoD). 2. This system safety standard practice is a key element of Systems Engineering (SE) that provides a standard, generic method for the identification, classification, and mitigation of hazards. 3. DoD is committed to protecting personnel from accidental death, injury, or occupational illness and safeguarding defense systems, infrastructure, and property from accidental destruction, or damage while executing its mission requirements of national defense. Within mission requirements, the DoD will also ensure that the quality of the environment is protected to the maximum extent practical. Integral to these efforts is the use of a system safety approach to identify hazards and manage the associated risks. A key DoD objective is to expand the use of this system safety methodology to integrate risk management into the overall SE process rather than addressing hazards as operational considerations. It should be used not only by system safety professionals, but also by other functional disciplines such as fire protection engineers, occupational health professionals, and environmental engineers to identify hazards and mitigate risks through the SE process. It is not the intent of this document to make system safety personnel responsible for hazard management in other functional disciplines. However, all functional disciplines using this generic methodology should coordinate their efforts as part of the overall SE process because mitigation measures optimized for only one discipline may create hazards in other disciplines. 4. This system safety standard practice identifies the DoD approach for identifying hazards and assessing and mitigating associated risks encountered in the development, test, production, use, and disposal of defense systems. The approach described herein conforms to Department of Defense Instruction (DoDI) 5000.02. DoDI 5000.02 defines the risk acceptance authorities. 5. This revision incorporates changes to meet Government and industry requests to reinstate task descriptions. These tasks may be specified in contract documents. When this Standard is required in a solicitation or contract, but no specific task is identified, only Sections 3 and 4 are mandatory. The definitions in 3.2 and all of Section 4 delineate the minimum mandatory definitions and requirements for an acceptable system safety effort for any DoD system. This revision aligns the standard practice with current DoD policy; supports DoD strategic plans and goals; and adjusts the organizational arrangement of information to clarify the basic elements of the system safety process, clarify terminology, and define task descriptions to improve hazard management practices. This Standard strengthens integration of other functional disciplines into SE to ultimately improve consistency of hazard management practices across programs. Specific changes include: a. Reintroduced task descriptions: (1) 100-series tasks – Management. (2) 200-series tasks – Analysis. ii MIL-STD-882E (3) 300-series tasks – Evaluation. (4) 400-series tasks – Verification. b. Emphasized the identification of applicable technical requirements. c. Included additional tasks: (1) (2) (3) (4) Hazardous Materials Management Plan. Functional Hazard Analysis. Systems-of-Systems Hazard Analysis. Environmental Hazard Analysis. d. Applied increased dollar values for losses in severity descriptions. e. Added “Eliminated” level for probability. f. Added software system safety techniques and practices. g. Updated appendices. 6. Comments, suggestions, or questions on this document should be addressed to Headquarters Air Force Materiel Command/SES (System Safety Office), 4375 Chidlaw Road, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433-5006 or emailed to afmc.se.mailbox@wpafb.af.mil. Since contact information can change, you may want to verify the currency of this address information using the Acquisition Streamlining and Standardization Information System (ASSIST) online database at https://assist.dla.mil. iii MIL-STD-882E CONTENTS PARAGRAPH PAGE FOREWORD ......................................................................................................................ii 1. 1.1 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................1 2. 2.1 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.3 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS ..........................................................................................1 General ................................................................................................................................1 Government documents ......................................................................................................1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks ...........................................................................1 Other Government documents, drawings, and publications ...............................................2 Order of precedence ............................................................................................................2 3. 3.1 3.2 DEFINITIONS ....................................................................................................................2 Acronyms ............................................................................................................................2 Definitions...........................................................................................................................4 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.3.5 4.3.6 4.3.7 4.3.8 4.4. 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ..........................................................................................9 General ................................................................................................................................9 System safety requirements ................................................................................................9 System safety process .........................................................................................................9 Document the system safety approach .............................................................................. 10 Identify and document hazards ......................................................................................... 10 Assess and document risk ................................................................................................. 10 Identify and document risk mitigation measures .............................................................. 12 Reduce risk........................................................................................................................ 13 Verify, validate, and document risk reduction .................................................................. 13 Accept risk and document ................................................................................................. 13 Manage life-cycle risk....................................................................................................... 14 Software contribution to system risk ................................................................................ 14 Software assessments ........................................................................................................ 14 Software safety criticality matrix ...................................................................................... 16 Assessment of software contribution to risk ..................................................................... 17 5. 5.1 5.2 5.3 DETAILED REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................................... 18 Additional information...................................................................................................... 18 Tasks ................................................................................................................................. 18 Task structure .................................................................................................................... 18 6. 6.1 6.2 6.3 NOTES .............................................................................................................................. 18 Intended use ...................................................................................................................... 18 Acquisition requirements .................................................................................................. 18 Associated Data Item Descriptions (DIDs)....................................................................... 19 iv MIL-STD-882E CONTENTS PARAGRAPH 6.4 6.5 PAGE Subject term (key word) listing......................................................................................... 19 Changes from previous issue ............................................................................................ 20 TASK SECTION 100 - MANAGEMENT TASK 101 TASK 102 TASK 103 TASK 104 TASK 105 TASK 106 TASK 107 TASK 108 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND MITIGATION EFFORT USING THE SYSTEM SAFETY METHODOLOGY ................................................................ 22 SYSTEM SAFETY PROGRAM PLAN ................................................................ 24 HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN ...................................................................... 30 SUPPORT OF GOVERNMENT REVIEWS/AUDITS ......................................... 36 INTEGRATED PRODUCT TEAM/WORKING GROUP SUPPORT ................. 37 HAZARD TRACKING SYSTEM ......................................................................... 38 HAZARD MANAGEMENT PROGRESS REPORT ............................................ 40 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT PLAN ...................................... 41 TASK SECTION 200 - ANALYSIS TASK 201 TASK 202 TASK 203 TASK 204 TASK 205 TASK 206 TASK 207 TASK 208 TASK 209 TASK 210 PRELIMINARY HAZARD LIST .......................................................................... 44 PRELIMINARY HAZARD ANALYSIS .............................................................. 46 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS HAZARD ANALYSIS .......................................... 49 SUBSYSTEM HAZARD ANALYSIS .................................................................. 51 SYSTEM HAZARD ANALYSIS .......................................................................... 54 OPERATING AND SUPPORT HAZARD ANALYSIS ....................................... 57 HEALTH HAZARD ANALYSIS .......................................................................... 60 FUNCTIONAL HAZARD ANALYSIS ................................................................ 68 SYSTEM-OF-SYSTEMS HAZARD ANALYSIS ................................................ 71 ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD ANALYSIS ....................................................... 73 TASK SECTION 300 - EVALUATION TASK 301 TASK 302 TASK 303 TASK 304 SAFETY ASSESSMENT REPORT ...................................................................... 78 HAZARD MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT REPORT....................................... 80 TEST AND EVALUATION PARTICIPATION................................................... 82 REVIEW OF ENGINEERING CHANGE PROPOSALS, CHANGE NOTICES, DEFICIENCY REPORTS, MISHAPS, AND REQUESTS FOR DEVIATION/WAIVER ......................................................................................... 84 TASK SECTION 400 - VERIFICATION TASK 401 TASK 402 TASK 403 SAFETY VERIFICATION .................................................................................... 86 EXPLOSIVES HAZARD CLASSIFICATION DATA ......................................... 88 EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE DISPOSAL DATA ................................................... 89 v MIL-STD-882E CONTENTS PARAGRAPH APPENDIX A APPENDIX B PAGE GUIDANCE FOR THE SYSTEM SAFETY EFFORT ....................................90 SOFTWARE SYSTEM SAFETY ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS ..........92 FIGURES PAGE 1. Eight elements of the system safety process ..........................................................................9 B-1. Assessing software’s contribution to risk ..........................................................................95 TABLES PAGE I. Severity categories ............................................................................................................... 11 II. Probability levels ................................................................................................................. 11 III. Risk assessment matrix ........................................................................................................ 12 IV. Software control categories.................................................................................................. 15 V. Software safety criticality matrix ......................................................................................... 16 VI. Relationship between SwCI, risk level, LOR tasks, and risk .............................................. 17 A-I. A-II. Task application matrix......................................................................................................90 Example probability levels ................................................................................................91 B-I. Software hazard causal factor risk assessment criteria ......................................................96 vi MIL-STD-882E 1. SCOPE 1.1 Scope. This system safety standard practice identifies the Department of Defense (DoD) Systems Engineering (SE) approach to eliminating hazards, where possible, and minimizing risks where those hazards cannot be eliminated. DoD Instruction (DoDI) 5000.02 defines the risk acceptance authorities. This Standard covers hazards as they apply to systems / products / equipment / infrastructure (including both hardware and software) throughout design, development, test, production, use, and disposal. When this Standard is required in a solicitation or contract but no specific task is identified, only Sections 3 and 4 are mandatory. The definitions in 3.2 and all of Section 4 delineate the minimum mandatory definitions and requirements for an acceptable system safety effort for any DoD system. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 2.1 General. The documents listed in this section are specified in Sections 3, 4, or 5 of this Standard. This section does not include documents cited in other sections of this Standard or recommended for additional information or as examples. While every effort has been made to ensure the completeness of this list, document users are cautioned that they must meet all specified requirements of documents cited in sections 3, 4, or 5 of this standard, whether or not they are listed. 2.2 Government documents. 2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks. The following specifications, standards, and handbooks form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract. INTERNATIONAL STANDARDIZATION AGREEMENTS AOP 52 - North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Allied Ordnance Publication (AOP) 52, Guidance on Software Safety Design and Assessment of Munitions Related Computing Systems (Copies of this document are available online at https://assist.dla.mil/quicksearch/ or from the Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.) DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE HANDBOOKS No Designator - Joint Software Systems Safety Engineering Handbook (Copies of this document are available online at http://www.system-safety.org/links/) 1 MIL-STD-882E 2.2.2 Other Government documents, drawings, and publications. The following other Government documents, drawings, and publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE INSTRUCTIONS DoDI 5000.02 DoDI 6055.07 - Operation of the Defense Acquisition System Mishap Notification, Investigation, Reporting, and Record Keeping (Copies of these document are available online at http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/) 2.3 Order of precedence. In the event of a conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence, with the exception of DoDI 5000.02. Nothing in this document supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 Acronyms. AFOSH ANSI AOP AMSC ASSIST ASTM AT CAS CDR CFR COTS DAEHCP DID DoD DoDI DODIC DOT DT E3 ECP EHA EMD EO Air Force Occupational Safety and Health American National Standards Institute Allied Ordnance Publication Acquisition Management Systems Control Acquisition Streamlining and Standardization Information System American Society for Testing and Materials Autonomous Chemical Abstract Service Critical Design Review Code of Federal Regulations Commercial-Off-the-Shelf Department of Defense Ammunition and Explosives Hazard Classification Procedures Data Item Description Department of Defense Department of Defense Instruction Department of Defense Identification Code Department of Transportation Developmental Testing Electromagnetic Environmental Effects Engineering Change Proposal Environmental Hazard Analysis Engineering and Manufacturing Development Executive Order 2 MIL-STD-882E EOD ESD ESOH FHA FMECA FTA GFE GFI GOTS HAZMAT HERO HHA HMAR HMMP HMP HSI HTS IEEE IM IMS IPT ISO IV&V JCIDS LOR MANPRINT MIL-HDBK MIL-STD MSDS NATO NAVMC NDI NEPA NSI NSN O&SHA OSH OSHA OT PESHE PDR PHA PHL PM PPE RAC Explosive Ordnance Disposal Electrostatic Discharge Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health Functional Hazard Analysis Failure Modes and Effects Criticality Analysis Fault Tree Analysis Government-Furnished Equipment Government-Furnished Information Government-Off-the-Shelf Hazardous Material Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance Health Hazard Analysis Hazard Management Assessment Report Hazardous Materials Management Plan Hazard Management Plan Human Systems Integration Hazard Tracking System Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Insensitive Munitions Integrated Master Schedule Integrated Product Team International Organization for Standardization Independent Verification and Validation Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System Level of Rigor Manpower and Personnel Integration Military Handbook Military Standard Material Safety Data Sheet North Atlantic Treaty Organization Navy and Marine Corps Non-Developmental Item National Environmental Policy Act No Safety Impact National Stock Number Operating and Support Hazard Analysis Occupational Safety and Health Occupational Safety and Health Administration Operational Testing Programmatic Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health Evaluation Preliminary Design Review Preliminary Hazard Analysis Preliminary Hazard List Program Manager Personal Protective Equipment Risk Assessment Code 3 MIL-STD-882E RF RFP RFR RFT SAR SAT SCC SCF SCI SDP SE SEMP SHA SMCC SoS SOW SRHA SRF SRI SRR SSF SSCM SSHA SSPP SSSF STP SwCI T&E TEMP TES WDSSR WG Radio Frequency Request for Proposal Radio Frequency Radiation Redundant Fault Tolerant Safety Assessment Report Semi-Autonomous Software Control Category Safety-Critical Function Safety-Critical Item Software Development Plan Systems Engineering Systems Engineering Management Plan System Hazard Analysis Special Material Content Code S ... 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