Fluent Essays

Attached is the FOA and references used for itWriting a Public Health Grant/Contract Application in Response to an FOA This assignment provides you the opportunity to demonstrate the knowledge you have gained in your MPH program studies. You will now set your sights on the actual grant or contract application process.The FOA associated with this public health intervention will be used as the basis for your grant or contract application. Conduct research, analyze the subject matter, and synthesize your findings to include the following steps in your grant application:Read and analyze all instructions for your chosen grant or contract FOA very precisely to understand the requirements of the application.Using your new knowledge, compile all FOA requirements to be used as references in preparation for your research paper.Develop a 15-20 page research paper, completing the following elements:Identify the name of FOA and organization soliciting bidsProduce a needs assessmentDefine your problem statementIdentify your chosen methodology to address the identified needsDescribe your proposed evaluation planOutline a budget proposal and justificationsIdentify partners to be engagedProvide a conclusionWrite a 15–20-page, double-spaced paper in Word format. Apply APA standards to citation of sources. Your goal is to fully inform your audience about your chosen public health intervention and chosen FOA.Utilize at least 7–10 scholarly sources in your research and be sure to include a references page. Write in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrate ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; and display accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.Submission Details:Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_W5_A2.doc. patricks_w4_a2.doc..docx ch3_discussion.docx patricks_w1_a3.docx patricks_w2_a2.doc..docx patricks_w3_a2.docx Unformatted Attachment Preview Running head: PUBLIC HEALTH STAFF PLAN Public Health Staff Plan Public Health Staff Plan 1 PUBLIC HEALTH STAFF PLAN 2 Teenage pregnancy is a common public health issue in the US and engaging suitable interventions will be meaningful in reducing its prevalence. Pieces of evidence make it clear that engaging public health education will be ultimate to see a reduction in the incidence of the problem. While this problem is common among the teenagers where those who are highly at risk entails the female teenagers, it would be advisable to implement the intervention in a school setting because it presents a platform where the teenagers can engage each other. Implementing the intervention in a school setting will ensure that most of the teenagers learn about the risks based on the problem and so, restrict themselves from engaging themselves in activities that trigger the concern (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019). That said, this assignment presents a public health staffing plan illustrating the needed staff both full and parttime staff that will be tasked in implementing the selected intervention. It concludes with an organizational chart that corresponds to the plan. Staffing Plan Goal Determinants • It is necessary to find out if the intents of the staffing plan focus on addressing the identified problem and this means that it is appropriate to determine if the goals set are meaningful in addressing the problem. • As the prime issue, the public health staffing seeks to address, it is appropriate to find out if engaging public health education will be thoughtful in reducing the prevalence of the problem in the US • This can be achieved by looking at the prevalence of the problem before engaging the intervention in a certain region and comparing the prevalence of the same problem after engaging the intervention in the same region. PUBLIC HEALTH STAFF PLAN • 3 Centers for Disease Control and Intervention (CDC) reported that in 2019 the incidence of teen pregnancies among the whites was 14\%. Suppose the white teenagers were engaged in this intervention and later noted that there is a reduction in the problem, then it will be apparent that the intervention is impactful (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019). Factors impacting Personnel Availability • The predominance of the teenage pregnancy in the US suggests the need to engage public health staff who will facilitate in creating a suitable intervention that will see a reduction in the prevalence of the problem. • As compared to other ethnic communities in the US, American Indians records the highest rate of teenage pregnancy 32.9\% which suggests the need to engage more public health staff among this population segments as compared to other teenage populations in the US. • Culture could play a vital role in prompting variability of the problem in various races and this means that the public health staff should be involved in educating the teenagers how their respective cultures could predispose them to the problem. • Lifestyle could also be another cause for teenage pregnancy and so, it would be necessary to deploy more public health staff to areas where lifestyle seem to be a common cause of teenage pregnancy in the area (Garney et al., 2019). Organizational Functional Needs PUBLIC HEALTH STAFF PLAN • 4 While not everyone engaged in the staff planning may be aware of the intensity of the problem, it may be necessary to challenge every member of the staff to research about the problem about the prevalence of the concern in the region. • Sensitizing the teenagers about the risks based on the problem will challenge the trainer to inflict his staff with requisite knowledge and skills on how to share their knowledge regarding the matter to the teenagers. • The public health staff will also learn how to perform the sensitization program on teenagers. Conducting a Gap Analysis and Creating a Plan • The resources needed to facilitate the implementation of the intervention are inadequate to facilitate prenatal care • The community also neglects the teenage mother and her child while they need the community desperately following the inexperience mother who is unable to take proper care for her child • As a way of creating the plan, it will be integral to solicit for resources that will meet the demands of the teenage mother and her child • It is also necessary to inform the community about the need for embracing the teenage mother and her child • Based on the organizational chart demonstrated below, the public health superintendent will be providing administrative support to the various sections based on public health. • The environmental health officer will be tasked in enforcing public health legislation alongside environmental concerns. PUBLIC HEALTH STAFF PLAN • 5 The Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Officer will be tasked in coordinating activities that have been piloted towards advancing the health as well as preventing alongside managing communicable as well as non-communicable diseases. • The Public Health Research Officer will be involved in researching the problem and reporting its incidence-based in a certain area as well as its intensity to the unit. • The Public Health Information Needs will be involved in informing the public about the gravity of the public health concern (Fuller et al., 2018). • Similarly, to the Public Health Officer, the Public Health Nurse will also be involved in presenting meaningful information regarding the public health concern to the public Public Health Staff Plan Organizational Chart Public health superintendent Public health information needs Environmental health officer Public health research officer Public health nurse Health promotion and disease prevention officer PUBLIC HEALTH STAFF PLAN 6 References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). The public health system and the 10 essential public health services. National Public Health Performance Standards. Office for State, Tribal, Local and Territorial Support, last modified, 29. Fuller, T. R., White, C. P., Chu, J., Dean, D., Clemmons, N., Chaparro, C., ... & King, P. (2018). Social determinants and teen pregnancy prevention: exploring the role of nontraditional partnerships. Health promotion practice, 19(1), 23-30. Garney, W., Wilson, K., Nelon, J., Muraleetharan, D., McLeroy, K., & Baletka, D. M. (2019). Ecological Approaches to Teen Pregnancy Prevention: An Examination of EvidenceBased Interventions. Health promotion practice, 20(4), 494-501. Running Head: DISCUSSION 1 Discussion: Identifying the Approach Name Institutional Affiliation DISCUSSION 2 Introduction Unplanned pregnancies and teenagers engaging in early sexual activities is one of the major serious issues experienced in modern society, and especially in developing nations. Studies have shown that unintended pregnancy makes 33 percent to 82 percent of the teenage pregnancies globally (Vázquez-Nava et al., 2013). The negative impacts of unplanned pregnancies among teenagers include girls getting married at an early age, dropping out of school to take care of their newborns, practicing unsafe abortions, and being exposed to sexually transmitted diseases such as chlamydia and HPV. The proposed remedy for this issue is increasing sexual health awareness and offering contraceptives among youths (Oringanje et al., 2016). Studies have shown that a combination of sexual health education and providing contraceptives reduced unplanned pregnancies among teenagers significantly. Plan A holistic approach is used when planning for the strategy. After familiarizing ourselves with the three stages of the grant’s lifecycle, the next step is to write a letter of commitment (LOC) and Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) that includes the roles of each partner in addressing the issue of unplanned pregnancies (Gemayel & Martin, 2017). After completing the LOC and MOA, the next step is to review notice of funding opportunity (NOFOs) to establish eligibility. The step is developing the internal strategy. The internal strategy constitutes the organization’s structure, program, expertise, history, project fit for mission, target audience, special needs of audience, activities, staff, and board. Preparation DISCUSSION 3 After collecting all the necessary information including grant application requirements and guidelines, the “cause-effect scenario” is used when preparing the necessary elements of a grant application. This involves identifying the affected population (teenagers, girls), factors contributing to unplanned pregnancies, and offering suggestions (Gemayel & Martin, 2017). After identifying the “cause-effect”, the next step is working with partners to highlight the “grey areas” that need immediate interventions. Finally, the partners would work together to ensure that necessary elements of the grant application (introduction, institution background, program objectives and goals, methods, evaluation, future funding and sustainability, and budget) are incorporated in the plan. Partners The key partners to work together when developing this grant application include physicians, social workers, two nurses, and a financial assistant. The social workers offer strategies on how counseling and education of teenagers in school should be conducted. The financial assistant creates and guides on the budget needed to support the process. The physicians offer suggestions on medicinal management or the quantity and types of contraceptives needed (Fox & Barfield, 2016). Nurses offer suggestions on how to monitor changes after contraceptives have been administered. The interdisciplinary partnerships are critical in ensuring that all the key areas are considered when developing grant application. All partners would be encouraged to exercise due diligence and dedicate themselves fully to the process. Conclusion DISCUSSION 4 A holistic approach is critical when designing a grant application process to be used to address the issue of unplanned pregnancies and teenagers engaging in early sexual activities. A holistic approach is essential because it factors in the major variables such as eligibility, requirements, the role of each partner, and internal strategy. The approach offers an opportunity to prudently and diligently examine whether the organization will meet the grant application guidelines. It brings various stakeholders together and considers all their inputs. Through the use of a holistic approach, it is undeniable that a combination of interventions (education and contraceptives) will reduce unintended teenage pregnancies. Overall, the success of this approach depends on the willingness and abilities of the partners. DISCUSSION 5 References Gemayel, R., & Martin, S. J. (2017). Writing a successful fellowship or grant application. The FEBS journal, 284(22), 3771-3777. Fox, J., & Barfield, W. (2016). Decreasing Unintended Pregnancy. JAMA, 316(8), 815. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.8800 Oringanje, C., Meremikwu, M., Eko, H., Esu, E., Meremikwu, A., & Ehiri, J. (2016). Interventions for preventing unintended pregnancies among adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi: 10.1002/14651858.cd005215.pub3 Vázquez-Nava, F., Vázquez-Rodriguez, C., Saldívar-González, A., Vázquez-Rodríguez, E., Córdova-Fernández, J., Felizardo-Ávalos, J., & Sánchez-Márquez, W. (2013). Unplanned Pregnancy in Adolescents: Association with Family Structure, Employed Mother, and Female Friends with Health-Risk Habits and Behaviors. Journal of Urban Health, 91(1), 176-185. doi: 10.1007/s11524-013-9819-6 Running head: GRANT PROPOSAL 1 A Grant Proposal to the Federal Government on Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive health GRANT PROPOSAL 2 A Grant Proposal to the Federal Government on Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive health Introduction There are approximately 1 billion individuals between 10 and 19 years living the world today. Nearly 70 per cent of them are living in developing countries under different conditions from the previous generations. They have greater access to formal education, technology and social media, which exposes them to more exposure to new ideas at a young age. A combination of these factors results in engagement in sexual activity at a young age, causing early marriages or even unplanned pregnancies. The dangers of engaging in early sexual activities could also have health concerns in the era of HIV/AIDS. The government should be at the forefront of promoting health education to reduce the impacts of sexual activity among adolescents. Background Adolescent sexual and reproductive health involves the development of initiative that educate individuals on the benefits of abstinence as a method of birth control. Nevertheless, those who cannot abstain should be taught the various family planning techniques available so that they can prevent unplanned pregnancies. Vázquez-Nava et al. (2014), estimate that unplanned pregnancy constitutes between 33 and 82\% of the adolescent pregnancies across the world. The impacts of unplanned pregnancy vary depending on the family support of the individual with a majority of the students dropping out of school to take care of their newborns. This is common for students from low-income families and they are more likely to transfer poverty to future generations. A significant portion of the adolescents who get pregnant end up getting married. According to the Science Daily (2017), some of the adverse effects of early marriages include pregnancy-related complications associated with the young body. Adolescents engaging in early marriages may also be susceptible to malnutrition, poor mental health and GRANT PROPOSAL 3 domestic violence. They may also have limited access to contraception and therefore having many children which increases poverty levels. Even worse is the fact that the trend may follow for their daughters, who may also marry young resultantly expanding the level of poverty along the family line. Adolescents who find themselves pregnant may end up aborting their unborn children. While most states in the United States have legalized abortion, many developing nations continue to term abortion as illegal. This often sees pregnant teens resulting in unsafe mechanisms to abort their unborn children. A study conducted by Ushie, Izugbara, Mutua and Kabiru (2018), reveals that the complications associated with unsafe abortions are some of the leading causes of mortality in mothers in sub-Saharan Africa. The research utilized a sample of 1145 adolescents with a diagnosis of incomplete, missed, inevitable, complete or septic abortion for the past one month. The results revealed that eight per cent of the participants had a previous induced abortion. 46\% of the participants sought abortion at an advanced age, and this contributed to a high rate of post-abortion complications. The Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (2018), acknowledges that youths between the ages of 15 and 24 years are at a high risk of acquiring sexually transmitted diseases such as chlamydia and HPV for females. Despite these high rates of STDs among the youths, it remains difficult for them to receive STD prevention services due to long waiting lines, inadequate funds for the services, method of specimen collection, embarrassment associated with seeking treatment for STDs and the conflict between the clinic and school hours. Strategic activities The factors discussed above reveal that there is an urgent need to develop strategies directed towards the promotion of adolescent sexual and reproductive health. The government GRANT PROPOSAL 4 should offer resources geared towards the promotion of sexual education in schools to ensure that adolescents understand the risks associated with early sexual activity so that they can change their behavior to avert these risks (World Health Organization, 2009). Health and reproductive education should also focus on the various contraceptives available so that girls can protect themselves from unplanned pregnancies. The government could even distribute free condoms to students so that they can adopt responsible sexual behavior. The government should also collaborate with the health sector for the development of friendly health services for adolescents. These could include interventions to reach the marginalized, responses to generate community acceptance, and facility and out of facility-based interventions (Denno, Hoopes and ChandraMouli, 2015). Positive Youth Development programs are also necessary for increasing the awareness of the youths of the dangers associated with irresponsible sexual activity. Gavin, Catalano and Markham (2010), acknowledge that the introduction of such strategies in schools will help students to apply the knowledge acquired in sex education programmes. Positive Youth Development programs also encourage youths to have a positive approach towards the developmental challenges other than engaging in irresponsible sexual activity. Conclusion Advancements in technology have enabled youths to access new ideas and eventually engaging in early sexual activity. The implication is that there is an increase in adolescent pregnancy, and this affects their academic performance. Most of the students from low-income families are forced to drop out of school for the lack of family or financial support. Others result in early marriages that subject them to a myriad of problems including mental disorders, violence and a lack of access to contraceptives. Some of the youths may seek unsafe abortion practices that may result in death or complications during subsequent pregnancies. The government should GRANT PROPOSAL 5 intervene in the development of public education programs geared towards addressing the problem of irresponsible sexual activity among youths. Collaboration with the health sector is also necessary in the development of safe mechanisms for accessing reproductive healthcare among adolescents. GRANT PROPOSAL 6 References Centers for Disease and Prevention Control. (2018). STDs in Adolescents and Young Adults. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats18/adolescents.htm Denno, D. M., Hoopes, A. J., & Chandra-Mouli, V. (2015). Effective strategies to provide adolescent sexual and reproductive health services and to increase demand and community support. Journal of adolescent health, 56(1), S22-S41. Gavin, L. E., Catalano, R. F., & Markham, C. M. (2010). Positive youth development as a strategy to promote adolescent sexual and reproductive health. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46(3), S1-S6. Science Daily. (2017, December 11). Multiple health implications of womens early marriage go beyond early childbearing. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/12/171211140834.htm Ushie, B. A., Izugbara, C. O., Mutua, M. M., & Kabiru, C. W. (2018). Timing of abortion among adolescent and young women presenting for post-abortion care in Kenya: a crosssectional analysis of nationally-representative data. BMC womens health, 18(1), 41. Vázquez-Nava, F., Vázquez-Rodriguez, C. F., Saldívar-González, A. H., Vázquez-Rodríguez, E. M., Córdova-Fernández, J. A., Felizardo-Ávalos, J., & Sánchez-Márquez, W. (2014). Unplanned pregnancy in adolescents: Association with family structure, employed mother, and female friends with health-risk habits and behaviors. Journal of Urban Health, 91(1), 176-185. GRANT PROPOSAL World Health Organization. (2009). Promoting adolescent sexual and reproductive health through schools in low income countries: an information brief (No. WHO/FCH/CAH/ADH/09.03). World Health Organization. 7 Running head: HEALTH GRANT OUTLINE Health Grant Outline: A Grant Proposal to the Federal Government on Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive health 1 HEALTH ... Purchase answer to see full attachment