These questions are based on the following article published - Business Finance
Questions:The article mentions that: “…companies [are] wagering that customers are willing to pay more as the …economic expansion continues. Some are notching revenue at the expense of costumer counts or unit volumes.” How can a company earn greater revenue by selling fewer units (i.e., counts or unit volumes) of output? What does this imply about the price elasticity of demand for this output? The article mentioned that Chipotle reported a 10 percent increase in sales over the past year despite charging higher prices for its food items. Which is the better explanation for this result: a change in demand or the price elasticity of demand for Chipotle food items? Explain briefly. wsj___restaurants__food_makers_find_consumers_are_willing_to_pay_higher_prices__mcdonald_s__mondelez_and_chipotle_are_among_companies_charging_more___u.s._consumer_continues_to_be_strong__1_.pdf Unformatted Attachment Preview Restaurants, Food Makers Find Consumers Are Willing to Pay Higher Prices; McDonalds, Mondelez and Chipotle are among companies charging more; U.S. consumer continues to be strong Haddon, Heather; Maidenberg, Micah . Wall Street Journal (Online) ; New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]05 Aug 2019. ProQuest document link FULL TEXT Higher prices on foods from Ritz crackers to burritos are helping restaurants and food makers boost sales and profits. Mondelez International Inc., Chipotle Mexican Grill Inc. and McDonalds Corp. are among the U.S. companies wagering that customers are willing to pay more as the record-long economic expansion continues. Some are notching revenue at the expense of customer counts or unit volumes. The higher prices and more premium products are helping their balance sheets and pushing up shares . The restaurants subset of the S&P 500 has risen 32.2\% this year through Friday, while the broader index has gained 17\%. Consumers are driving the decadelong U.S. economic expansion, as other sectors including manufacturing and the farm economy are hurt by trade tensions and tariffs. The tight labor market , meanwhile, is leading some companies to raise wages, giving households more to spend. Wages, slow to rise throughout this expansion, gained 3.2\% annually in July as the unemployment rate lingered near a 50-year low, the Labor Department said Friday. Indexes from the Conference Board and the University of Michigan both reported rising consumer sentiment in July. Restaurants and food makers are seizing the opportunity to charge more, in part to cover higher costs for ingredients, transport and labor that many companies say they are facing. Restaurant prices have climbed faster than generally modest inflation rates in recent months, Labor Department data showed. Grocery prices are rising again after a long slump in recent years. The U.S. consumer continues to be strong and resilient and confident, I think, in the economy, Kellogg Co. Chief Executive Steve Cahillane said in an interview last week after the food manufacturer reported strong demand for its snacks in the latest quarter at the higher prices it is charging retailers. Share Your Thoughts How have you adjusted to higher prices from restaurants and food makers alike? Join the conversation below. Coca-Cola Co. bolstered revenue with higher prices in the U.S. in the second quarter, though volumes were slightly down. PepsiCo Inc.s stronger revenue in its businesses in the U.S. and Canada were driven for the most part by price gains. Dunkin Brands Group Inc. said sales rose in the quarter as customers ordered more expensive espresso drinks and breakfast bowls that the coffee chain added to its menu over the past year. Chipotle reported a 10\% sales bump driven largely by bigger orders after raising prices last year. We are seeing no resistance, to the higher prices, Chipotles Chief Financial Officer Jack Hartung said in an interview last month. PDF GENERATED BY SEARCH.PROQUEST.COM Page 1 of 4 Some shoppers have noticed the higher prices. Grace Garza, a 38-year-old special-education teacher in San Antonio, received a raise recently but still looks for coupons and deals ahead of trips to Texas-based grocer H-E-B LP. The cost of groceries is going up, so I feel like its kind of evening out with my paycheck, Ms. Garza said. She added that higher health-insurance costs also are eating into her pay. Others say higher wages are giving them more to spend. Sarah Cole, who works at a siding company in Columbus, Ohio, got a promotion and raise last year that have allowed her to shop more often at Kroger Co. stores rather than buying her groceries exclusively at discounter Aldi. Im definitely going to different stores, said Ms. Cole, 37 years old. Analysts caution that some companies risk eroding their customer base if price increases outpace wage gains. Consumers are more discerning about what they will pay up for than in the past, they say. You can raise prices up to a point but you have to create underlying demand, said David Garfield of consulting firm AlixPartners. Hershey Co. has seen weaker volumes for some of its products since raising prices on bagged candies, gum and mints earlier this year by 2.5\%. Hershey still plans to raise prices on chocolate bars and wrapped candies an additional 9\%, expecting demand to rebound over time as consumers adjust. Whether times are good or times are bad, people are looking for a way to treat themselves and everybody can do that with candy, CEO Michele Buck said in an interview. Some restaurants also have seen flat or falling guest counts as they reported sales gains by raising prices. Louisville-based chain Texas Roadhouse Inc. said last month that price increases last year havent hurt traffic. Other chains are boosting discounts after traffic slowed. U.S. same-store sales at Applebees fell 0.5\% in the latest quarter, prompting the chain to ramp up future deals. For our guest, there is a strong appeal of value, said Steve Joyce, CEO of Applebees parent company Dine Brands Global Inc., in an interview. Prices at McDonalds restaurants in the U.S. have risen by about 2\% on average in each of the past several quarters, helping to push up sales overall as guest counts have fallen. McDonalds said last month that it is having new success drawing in guests through some discounts such as a two-for-$5 value menu. Burger King is studying how to better promote the value items on its menu after reporting roughly flat same-store sales in the U.S. in the latest quarter. Jose Cil, CEO of parent company Restaurant Brands International Inc., said Burger King must do more to woo customers seeking out the best deals. We can do an even better job, he said. Write to Heather Haddon at heather.haddon@wsj.com and Micah Maidenberg at micah.maidenberg@wsj.com Credit: By Heather Haddon and Micah Maidenberg DETAILS Subject: Sales; Consumers; Restaurants; Chain stores; Fast food industry Location: Texas United States--US Canada Ohio People: Cahillane, Steve PDF GENERATED BY SEARCH.PROQUEST.COM Page 2 of 4 Company / organization: Name: Chipotle Mexican Grill; NAICS: 722513; Name: H E Butt Grocery Co; NAICS: 445110, 452910; Name: PepsiCo Inc; NAICS: 312111; Name: AlixPartners LLC; NAICS: 541611; Name: Restaurant Brands International Inc; NAICS: 722513; Name: Kellogg Co; NAICS: 311230, 311821, 311919; Name: Kroger Co; NAICS: 311511, 445110, 446110; Name: Hershey Co; NAICS: 311351; Name: Coca-Cola Co; NAICS: 312111; Name: Texas Roadhouse Inc; NAICS: 533110, 722511; Name: Burger King Corp; NAICS: 533110, 722513; Name: University of Michigan; NAICS: 611310; Name: Mondelez International Inc; NAICS: 311821 Publication title: Wall Street Journal (Online); New York, N.Y. Publication year: 2019 Publication date: Aug 5, 2019 column: Business Section: Business Publisher: Dow Jones &Company Inc Place of publication: New York, N.Y. Country of publication: United States, New York, N.Y. Publication subject: Business And Economics Source type: Newspapers Language of publication: English Document type: News ProQuest document ID: 2268264017 Document URL: http://ezproxy.lib.umb.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/226826 4017?accountid=28932 Copyright: Copyright 2019 Dow Jones &Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Last updated: 2019-08-06 Database: ProQuest Central LINKS Find It@Healey Library PDF GENERATED BY SEARCH.PROQUEST.COM Page 3 of 4 Database copyright  2019 ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions Contact ProQuest PDF GENERATED BY SEARCH.PROQUEST.COM Page 4 of 4 ... Purchase answer to see full attachment
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