Introduction to Business - Writing
Global Currency Assignment Global Currency Assignment Directions: Read the chapter. Answer the four scenarios on pages 163-164 (Learning on the Web Exercise). Answer in essay format. Times New Roman, 12 point font and double spaced. (MLA format).
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An Introduction to
Business
v. 1.0
This is the book An Introduction to Business (v. 1.0).
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ii
Table of Contents
About the Author .................................................................................................................. 1
Acknowledgments................................................................................................................. 2
Dedication............................................................................................................................... 5
Preface..................................................................................................................................... 6
Chapter 1: The Foundations of Business ........................................................................ 11
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 14
Getting Down to Business............................................................................................................................ 16
What Is Economics? ..................................................................................................................................... 22
Perfect Competition and Supply and Demand.......................................................................................... 29
Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly, and Monopoly ............................................................................. 35
Measuring the Health of the Economy ...................................................................................................... 38
Government’s Role in Managing the Economy ......................................................................................... 47
Cases and Problems...................................................................................................................................... 51
Chapter 2: Business Ethics and Social Responsibility ................................................. 56
Misgoverning Corporations: An Overview ................................................................................................ 59
The Individual Approach to Ethics............................................................................................................. 64
Identifying Ethical Issues ............................................................................................................................ 71
The Organizational Approach to Ethics..................................................................................................... 79
Corporate Social Responsibility.................................................................................................................. 84
Environmentalism ....................................................................................................................................... 96
Stages of Corporate Responsibility .......................................................................................................... 101
Cases and Problems.................................................................................................................................... 106
Chapter 3: Business in a Global Environment............................................................. 113
The Globalization of Business ................................................................................................................... 115
Opportunities in International Business ................................................................................................. 126
The Global Business Environment............................................................................................................ 136
Trade Controls............................................................................................................................................ 148
Reducing International Trade Barriers ................................................................................................... 153
Preparing for a Career in International Business................................................................................... 159
Cases and Problems.................................................................................................................................... 162
iii
Chapter 4: Selecting a Form of Business Ownership ................................................. 168
Factors to Consider .................................................................................................................................... 170
Sole Proprietorship.................................................................................................................................... 173
Partnership ................................................................................................................................................. 176
Corporation ................................................................................................................................................ 181
Other Types of Business Ownership......................................................................................................... 187
Mergers and Acquisitions.......................................................................................................................... 195
Cases and Problems.................................................................................................................................... 199
Chapter 5: The Challenges of Starting a Business ..................................................... 205
What Is an Entrepreneur? ......................................................................................................................... 207
The Place of Small Business in the Business Landscape ........................................................................ 216
What Industries Are Small Businesses In? .............................................................................................. 222
Advantages and Disadvantages of Business Ownership......................................................................... 227
Starting a Business..................................................................................................................................... 232
The Business Plan....................................................................................................................................... 241
How to Succeed in Managing a Business ................................................................................................. 249
Cases and Problems.................................................................................................................................... 256
Chapter 6: Managing for Business Success.................................................................. 262
What Do Managers Do?.............................................................................................................................. 264
Planning ...................................................................................................................................................... 266
Organizing .................................................................................................................................................. 276
Directing ..................................................................................................................................................... 290
Controlling.................................................................................................................................................. 294
Managerial Skills........................................................................................................................................ 297
Cases and Problems.................................................................................................................................... 304
Chapter 7: Recruiting, Motivating, and Keeping Quality Employees .................... 313
Human Resource Management................................................................................................................. 316
Developing Employees............................................................................................................................... 325
Motivating Employees ............................................................................................................................... 331
What Makes a Great Place to Work? ........................................................................................................ 339
Performance Appraisal.............................................................................................................................. 351
Labor Unions .............................................................................................................................................. 360
Cases and Problems.................................................................................................................................... 368
iv
Chapter 8: Teamwork and Communications ............................................................... 374
The Team and the Organization ............................................................................................................... 377
Why Teamwork Works .............................................................................................................................. 385
The Team and Its Members....................................................................................................................... 391
The Business of Communication .............................................................................................................. 402
Communication Channels ......................................................................................................................... 408
Forms of Communication.......................................................................................................................... 421
Cases and Problems.................................................................................................................................... 431
Chapter 9: Marketing: Providing Value to Customers.............................................. 438
What Is Marketing?.................................................................................................................................... 439
The Marketing Mix .................................................................................................................................... 448
Pricing a Product........................................................................................................................................ 457
Placing a Product ....................................................................................................................................... 462
Promoting a Product.................................................................................................................................. 474
The Product Life Cycle............................................................................................................................... 482
The Marketing Environment .................................................................................................................... 486
Careers in Marketing ................................................................................................................................. 498
Cases and Problems.................................................................................................................................... 501
Chapter 10: Product Design and Development ........................................................... 506
What Is a Product? ..................................................................................................................................... 507
Where Do Product Ideas Come From? ..................................................................................................... 513
Identifying Business Opportunities ......................................................................................................... 517
Understand Your Industry ........................................................................................................................ 521
Forecasting Demand .................................................................................................................................. 525
Breakeven Analysis .................................................................................................................................... 530
Product Development ................................................................................................................................ 534
Protecting Your Idea.................................................................................................................................. 540
Cases and Problems.................................................................................................................................... 543
Chapter 11: Operations Management in Manufacturing and Service Industries 549
Operations Management in Manufacturing............................................................................................ 550
Facility Layouts .......................................................................................................................................... 558
Managing the Production Process in a Manufacturing Company ........................................................ 562
Graphical Tools: PERT and Gantt Charts ................................................................................................. 567
The Technology of Goods Production...................................................................................................... 571
Operations Management for Service Providers...................................................................................... 574
Producing for Quality ................................................................................................................................ 583
Cases and Problems.................................................................................................................................... 590
v
Chapter 12: The Role of Accounting in Business........................................................ 595
The Role of Accounting ............................................................................................................................. 596
Understanding Financial Statements ...................................................................................................... 600
Accrual Accounting.................................................................................................................................... 612
Financial Statement Analysis.................................................................................................................... 623
Challenges Facing the Accounting Profession ........................................................................................ 638
Cases and Problems.................................................................................................................................... 644
Chapter 13: Managing Financial Resources ................................................................ 653
The Functions of Money ............................................................................................................................ 654
Financial Institutions................................................................................................................................. 659
The Federal Reserve System ..................................................................................................................... 669
The Role of the Financial Manager .......................................................................................................... 676
Understanding Securities Markets .......................................................................................................... 688
Financing the Going Concern ................................................................................................................... 697
Careers in Finance...................................................................................................................................... 702
Cases and Problems.................................................................................................................................... 705
Chapter 14: Personal Finances ....................................................................................... 714
Financial Planning ..................................................................................................................................... 725
Time Is Money ............................................................................................................................................ 740
The Financial Planning Process................................................................................................................ 746
A House Is Not a Piggy Bank: A Few Lessons from the Subprime Crisis............................................... 760
Cases and Problems.................................................................................................................................... 771
Chapter 15: Managing Information and Technology ................................................ 773
Data versus Information............................................................................................................................ 774
Managing Data............................................................................................................................................ 782
Types of Information Systems .................................................................................................................. 787
Computer Networks................................................................................................................................... 795
Data Communications Networks .............................................................................................................. 798
Security Issues in Electronic Communication ........................................................................................ 806
Careers in Information Management ........................................................................ ...
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