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The case study attached is what we are using, however I did not get a grade as of yet for the last paper. Module 3 - SLPProduct InnovationDuring Module 3, you will proceed to implement your source-gathering strategy by collecting or at least examining and recording the key sources that you will be citing in your literature review. It is expected that you may need to modify your strategy in some ways, if you are having difficulty obtaining the kind of information you seek. During this module, you want to assemble the bulk of the material you put into your literature review. You will also begin to develop paragraphs for the review as you read and review your sources and fit them into the proposed structure of your review.As your SLP submission for this module, you are to prepare a short paper describing your success or lack thereof in obtaining materials that you need and your success or lack thereof in finding within the sources the support material you need for your draft (quotations, etc.) You need to include at least one sample paragraph from your literature review draft that you are assembling, in which you use sources for the purpose of reviewing literature. The aim of this part of the submission is to show that you can in fact construct a suitable literature review paragraph based around your sources.You should also include any additional information about the progress of your project overall, including difficulties that you might be facing, changes that might need to be made in your draft, and any help that you might need from your instructor as you move toward a complete draft of the literature review.SLP Assignment ExpectationsLength: The written component of this assignment should be 3-4 pages long (double-spaced) without counting the cover page and reference page.Organization: Subheadings should be used to organize your paper according to the questions.Grammar and Spelling: While no points are deducted for minor errors, assignments are expected to adhere to standard guidelines of grammar, spelling, punctuation, and sentence syntax. Points may be deducted if grammar and spelling impact clarity. We encourage you to use tools such as grammarly.com and proofread your paper before submission.As you complete your assignment, make sure you do the following: Answer the assignment questions directly. Stay focused on the precise assignment questions. Do not go off on tangents or devote a lot of space to summarizing general background materials. Use evidence from your readings to justify your conclusions. Cite at least five credible resources. Reference your sources of information with both a bibliography and in-text citations. See the Student Guide to Writing a High-Quality Academic Paper, including pages 11-14 on in-text citations. Another resource is the “Writing Style Guide,” which is found under “My Resources” in the TLC Portal. Your assignment will be graded using the following criteria: Assignment-driven Criteria: Student demonstrates mastery covering all key elements of the assignment. Critical Thinking/Application to Professional Practice: Student demonstrates mastery conceptualizing the problem, and analyzing information. Conclusions are logically presented and applied to professional practice in an exceptional manner. Business Writing and Quality of References: Student demonstrates mastery and proficiency in written communication and use of appropriate and relevant literature at the doctoral level. Citing Sources: Student demonstrates mastery applying APA formatting standards to both in text citations and the reference list. Professionalism and Timeliness: Assignments are submitted on time. a_case_study_exploration_of_st.pdf Unformatted Attachment Preview A Case Study Exploration of Strategies to Avoid Cloud Computing Data Breaches Submitted by Michael Osei-Amanfi A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctorate of Business Administration Grand Canyon University Phoenix, Arizona December 11, 2018      ProQuest Number: 13423232    All rights reserved   INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.        ProQuest 13423232 Published by ProQuest LLC (2018 ). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author.  All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC.   ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 - 1346 © by Michael Osei-Amanfi, 2018 All rights reserved. GRAND CANYON UNIVERSITY A Case Study Exploration of Strategies to Avoid Cloud Computing Data Breaches I verify that my dissertation represents original research, is not falsified or plagiarized, and that I accurately reported, cited, and referenced all sources within this manuscript in strict compliance with APA and Grand Canyon University (GCU) guidelines. I also verify my dissertation complies with the approval(s) granted for this research investigation by GCU Institutional Review Board (IRB). _____________________________________________ Michael Osei-Amanfi November 5, 2018 ______________________ Date Abstract The purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore the available strategies IT leaders at ABC, a Managed IT Services company in the SME sector in Columbus, Ohio, may use to avoid data breaches in the cloud environment. The security framework established by the Cloud Security Alliance (CSA) provided the conceptual framework for this study. A purposeful sampling strategy was used to select 10 IT leaders to participate in the study. Data were gathered through open-ended, semi-structured individual face-to-face interviews, asynchronous discussions through e-mails, and reviews of company-provided documents. An inductive thematic analysis was used to analyze all the data collected in the study. The following six major themes emerged from the data relating to descriptions of the data security threats and vulnerabilities facing IT leaders in the cloud, and the strategies they may use to avoid a breach of their data: (1) managing the human factor, (2) managing the network environment, (3) types of data security threats, (4) people pose the most significant risk, (5) elements of an effective strategy, and (6) addressing password issues. The results indicated that IT leaders face multifaceted data security threats in the cloud and these could be addressed through a combination of strategies including user education, securing the network, limiting user access to IT resources, and addressing password issues. Keywords: cloud computing, data breaches, effective strategies, IT leaders vi Dedication I dedicate this Dissertation to all my children, upon whom I wish to impress upon the following: Grow up, then get a doctorate! vii Acknowledgments A heartfelt thank you to my Dissertation Committee, Alen Badal, Ph.D., Heather Miller, Ph.D., and Zeeshan (Shawn) Khan, DBA, for providing the assistance I needed to complete this once in a lifetime project. You mentored, coached, and guided me every step of the way, I am exceedingly grateful to every one of you. I also want to thank Stephanie Zywicki, Ph.D., my first Academic Quality Reviewer, and Luis Zayas, Ph.D., my second Academic Quality Reviewer, for their extensive feedback and guidance. A special thank you to the individuals who willingly participated in this study and the senior management of ABC; I cannot identify you or your company, but you know yourselves! This project could not have been possible without your participation – thank you so much! A big shout-out to my fellow doctoral learner and friend, Patsy Wilson! I remain truly inspired by the beauty of your character. Kellie Rice, you were my support team all by yourself, thank you! Vanessa Gattis, Ph.D., Antoinette James, Ed.D., Isaac Nortey Darko, Ph.D., and Rae Elvis Daniel, Ed.D., thank you for going out of your way to provide guidance, feedback, and inspiration. Former professors, Milan Frankl, Ph.D., and Michele Vincenti, Ph.D., of the University Canada West, thank you for encouraging me to pursue higher education. Finally, a much deserved thank you to Patrick H. Parker of Dublin, Ohio, the man who truly inspired my journey. He said to me “you explain things like someone with a doctorate!” And he said it with such complete belief, I had to prove him right! viii Table of Contents List of Tables ................................................................................................................... xiii List of Figures .................................................................................................................. xiv Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study....................................................................................1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................1 Background of the Study ...............................................................................................2 Problem Statement .........................................................................................................4 Purpose of the Study ......................................................................................................5 Research Questions ........................................................................................................6 Advancing Scientific Knowledge and Significance of the Study ..................................8 Rationale for Methodology ..........................................................................................10 Nature of the Research Design for the Study...............................................................11 Definition of Terms......................................................................................................14 Assumptions, Limitations, Delimitations ....................................................................16 Assumptions........................................................................................................16 Limitations and delimitations. ............................................................................17 Summary and Organization of the Remainder of the Study ........................................20 Chapter 2: Literature Review .............................................................................................25 Introduction to the Chapter and Background to the Problem ......................................25 Historical background. ........................................................................................27 Identification of the Gap ..............................................................................................31 Conceptual Framework ................................................................................................33 Review of the Literature ..............................................................................................37 IT outsourcing. ....................................................................................................37 ix Cloud computing technology. .............................................................................42 Threats to data security in the cloud. ..................................................................56 Methodology and instrumentation. .....................................................................65 Summary ......................................................................................................................68 Chapter 3: Methodology ....................................................................................................73 Introduction ..................................................................................................................73 Statement of the Problem .............................................................................................74 Research Questions ......................................................................................................75 Research Methodology ................................................................................................78 Research Design...........................................................................................................81 Population and Sample Selection.................................................................................86 Sources of Data ............................................................................................................89 Trustworthiness ............................................................................................................95 Credibility. ..........................................................................................................95 Transferability. ....................................................................................................96 Dependability. .....................................................................................................97 Confirmability. ....................................................................................................97 Data Collection and Management ................................................................................99 Permissions and informed consent. ....................................................................99 Subject selection. ..............................................................................................100 Data collection. .................................................................................................100 Data protection. .................................................................................................104 Ethical consideration.........................................................................................105 Data Analysis Procedures ..........................................................................................107 x Data saturation. .................................................................................................110 Ethical Considerations ...............................................................................................111 Limitations and Delimitations....................................................................................113 Summary ....................................................................................................................116 Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Results ..............................................................................120 Introduction ................................................................................................................120 Descriptive Findings ..................................................................................................122 Setting. ..............................................................................................................123 Participant profiles. ...........................................................................................124 Data sources. .....................................................................................................125 Data Analysis Procedures ..........................................................................................133 Preparing the data. ............................................................................................133 Analyzing the data. ...........................................................................................134 Data triangulation. ............................................................................................145 Trustworthiness. ................................................................................................147 Possible sources of errors. ................................................................................150 Results ........................................................................................................................151 Research question 1. .........................................................................................153 Research question 2. .........................................................................................163 Research question 3. .........................................................................................175 Summary ....................................................................................................................184 Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations ............................................188 Introduction ................................................................................................................188 Summary of the Study ...............................................................................................191 xi Summary of Findings and Conclusion.......................................................................195 Research question 1. .........................................................................................196 Research question 2. .........................................................................................200 Research question 3. .........................................................................................205 Summary. ..........................................................................................................210 Implications................................................................................................................214 Theoretical implications. ..................................................................................214 Practical implications. .......................................................................................217 Future implications. ..........................................................................................219 Strengths and weaknesses of the study. ............................................................220 Recommendations ......................................................................................................223 Recommendations for future research. .............................................................223 Recommendations for future practice. ..............................................................224 References........................................................................................................................227 Appendix A. Site Authorization Letter(s) ........................................................................274 Appendix B. IRB Approval Letter ...................................................................................275 Appendix C. Informed Consent .......................................................................................276 Appendix D. Copy of Instruments and Permissions Letters to Use the Instruments .......280 Appendix E. Face-to-Face Interview Protocol.................................................................285 Appendix F. E-mail Interview Protocol ...........................................................................288 Appendix G. Participant Recruitment E-mail Letter .......................................................291 Appendix H. Expert Panel Review ..................................................................................293 Appendix I. List of Codes ................................................................................................295 Appendix J. Categories and Related Codes .....................................................................301 Appendix K. Emerged Themes ........................................................................................305 xii Appendix L. Matrix Display of Themes ..........................................................................309 Appendix M. Sample Interview Transcripts ....................................................................315 xiii List of Tables Table 1. Research Questions With Related Interview and Asynchronous Discussion Questions ........................................................................................................... 93 Table 2. Research Questions With Related Data Sources ............................................. 108 Table 3. Job Profile and Gender of Participants ............................................................ 125 Table 4. Face-to-Face Interviews of Study Participants ................................................ 127 Table 5. Documents Reviewed ...................................................................................... 132 Table 6. Step 3: Themes With Related High-level Categories ...................................... 144 Table 7. Step 4: Research Questions With Related Themes .......................................... 145 Table 8. Research Questions With Related Themes and High-Level Categories.......... 153 Table 9. Participants’ Comments on Managing the Network Environment .................. 162 Table 10. Participants’ Comments on Types of Data Security Threats ......................... 169 Table 11. Participants’ Comments on Addressing Password Issues.............................. 182 Table I12. Step 1: List of Codes .................................................................................... 295 Table J13. Step 2: Categories With Related Codes ....................................................... 301 Table K14. Generating Themes Through Analytic Memoing ....................................... 305 Table L15. Relating Themes to the Research Questions ............................................... 309 xiv List of Figures Figure 1: An illustration of the three critical areas of cloud computing security. ............ 36 Figure 2: A simplified illustration of Saldañas thematic analysis approach for recognizing themes in qualitative data (adapted from Saldaña, 2015, Figure 1.1). ...................................................................................................... 136 Figure 3: An illustration of the four-step process followed in the thematic analysis of the data used in the study. ........................................................................... 140 1 Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study Introduction Cloud computing is a term for doing business over the Internet with on-demand and shared access to computing resources on a pay-per-use basis (Oredo & Njihia, 2015). This profound shift in the way companies consume computing resources allows for the allocation of information technology (IT) resources and capacity based on actual needs (Yeboah-Boateng & Essandoh, 2014). Gupta, Seetharaman, and Raj (2013) argued that the cloud offers small and medium enterprises (SMEs) high-performance computing and that the current pay-as-you-go pricing model is particularly beneficial for such companies. Cloud computing holds considerable promise for SMEs through the expectation of radically reduced IT costs (Carcary, Doherty, & Conway, 2014). However, uncertainty around data security complicates firms’ adoption of cloud computing (Nicho & Hendy, 2013). Business executives and IT leaders continue to struggle with the decision to adopt cloud computing, and thus outsource sensitive corporate data and IT resources to third-party cloud vendors (Dutta, Peng, & Choudhary, 2013). Nicho and Hendy stated that data breaches in the cloud environment po ... 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