Fluent Essays

PLEASE ENSURE TO FOLLOW ALL DIRECTIONS CAREFULLY- TO MANY TUTORS HAVE NOT BEEN FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS!!! This must be in 6th ed. APA formatting Directions:Using information you have read related to your branch of psychology and dissertation topic, ( My topic is: What is the best therapy for the treatment of autism? )write a brief paper (750-1,000 words) that identifies theories and problems specifically related to your branch of psychology. Address the following in your paper:Identify your emphasis area and dissertation topic.Explain the need for your research.Identify the main theorists or researchers associated with your research topic.Discuss at least one theoretical framework you are considering for your research. How does it relate to the need for your research topic?Identify at least one academic journal that specializes in research related to your topic. How will the journal benefit your research?I have attached the resource list that I have so far.... you will need my school login to read them.3 Plagarism checkers are used, please follow the rubric as well. literature_review_resources_.docx rubric_print_format.xlsx Unformatted Attachment Preview College of Doctoral Studies What is the best therapy for the treatment of autism? Jennifer Coetzee Grand Canyon University December 18, 2019 Autism Treatment PSY-802 Literature Review Resources Number 1. Article Information Added to RefWorks? (Y or N) Bibliographic Information Y Bibbo, G., Kirkwood, I., Sigalas, V., & Benger, T. (2019). Radioiodine (131I) therapy in a child with autism spectrum disorder: A complex and demanding task. World Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 18(3), 293–295. https://doiorg.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.4103/wjnm.WJNM_40_18 Link https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/logi n.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=138126252&site=edslive&scope=site Annotation Study was completed on an 11-year-old male with the diagnosis of autism. The child was initially referred for radioiodine therapy also known as RAI. The child was studied to determine if a 48-72 hour isolation would result in him swallowing a RAI capsule. Barriers for the patient were his behavioral issues related to his autism, mild I/DD (intellectual developmental disability), and his parental environment. His mother was convinced he would not swallow and the capsule or be agreeable with the isolation time period. As a result, a multidisciplinary team was developed in order to aid in his successful treatment. Several options were considered such as regular, frequent contact between the child, his parents, and members of the team for counseling and behavioral modification, familiarization of the child with the staff, procedures, trial visits, and admission. The team determined behavioral therapy to be the only possible option. As a result, the patient was successful in his treatment. 2. Bibliographic Information Dae-Wook Kang, James B. Adams, Devon M. Coleman, Elena L. Pollard, Juan Maldonado, Sharon McDonough-Means,Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown. (2019). Long-term benefit of Microbiota Transfer © 2014. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Y Autism Treatment Therapy on autism symptoms and gut microbiota. Scientific Reports, (1), 1. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1038/s41598-019-42183-0 Link https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/logi n.aspx?direct=true&db=edsdoj&AN=edsdoj.5d6b1a5e6b9048b5bb0b 45a90b020b30&site=eds-live&scope=site Annotation Historically, there has been several studies completed that report abnormal gut microbiota in people with autism. In these studies it has been suggested that there is a link between autism and gut microbiome. As a result, study was completed utilizing open-label trials of microbiota transfer therapy otherwise known as MTT. This study combined antibiotics, bowel cleansing, stomach acid suppressants and fecal microbiota transplant from a healthy microbiota donor. In the study 18 participants were involved. Followup 2 years after their treatments showed positive results. Gastrointestinal symptoms as well as microbiota were maintained over this time frame. In addition, autism related symptoms also showed improvement. During these observations is was determined that MTT not only was very effective but also showed long-term effects and safety as a future therapy to treat autism who also have gastrointestinal issues. 3. Bibliographic Information Gilles Maussion, Cecilia Rocha, Geneviève Bernard, Lenore K. Beitel, & Thomas M. Durcan. (2019). Patient-Derived Stem Cells, Another in vitro Model, or the Missing Link Toward Novel Therapies for Autism Spectrum Disorders? Frontiers in Pediatrics. https://doiorg.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.3389/fped.2019.00225 Link https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/logi n.aspx?direct=true&db=edsdoj&AN=edsdoj.41bdae787a2840d79db9 © 2014. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Y Autism Treatment 9cbbaa92c526&site=eds-live&scope=site Annotation Autism is known historically as a multigenic, multi-factorial, and neuro developmental disorder that is typically diagnosed in early childhood. Autism leads to deficits in social skills, verbal and nonverbal communication. In addition, autism is characterized by restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests. In order to understand the genetic, descriptive and mechanistic aspects of autism, several studies have been conducted. Mouse models and postmortem brain tissue have also been studied in order to better understand and treat autism. Today, the technology to now generate stem cells from patient samples has brought breakthrough for autism through 2D and 3D neuronal models. The goal is to build new therapeutic strategies for treatment. Through these studies of mouse models and human samples advancement in the knowledge and pathophysiology of autism can be discovered. Thus, considering the complexities of these disorders, patient-derived models have immense potential to clarify molecular deregulation that contributed to the different autistic phenotype. Through these direct investigations with the human in vitro models, they offer the potential for opening new therapeutic avenues. 4. Bibliographic Information Ruu-Fen Tzang, Chuan-Hsin Chang, Yue-Cune Chang, & Hsien-Yuan Lane. (2019). Autism Associated With Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis: Glutamate-Related Therapy. Frontiers in Psychiatry. https://doiorg.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00440 Link https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/logi n.aspx?direct=true&db=edsdoj&AN=edsdoj.f48fec59c339441d95e7e bc5017038d2&site=eds-live&scope=site Annotation This study was conducted to determine if autism is in fact associated with autoimmune dysfunction. There are several auto antibodies that can cause psychiatric symptoms such as hallucinations, psychosis, behavioral changes and so on. The auto antibody binds to certain brain receptors which cause the neuro transmission in the brain to manifest © 2014. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Y Autism Treatment these symptoms. During the study there was detection of these auto antibodies affecting several imbalances in the blood. In addition several infections were noted in the patients’ history. The child’s medical history and lab reports show significant signs of auto immune autism. It is determined in the study that early detection of these autoimmune encephalitis can potentially increase the effects of the treatments. With the aid of these treatments the symptoms that are resulted from the antibodies could be minimized or eliminated completely. This study has concluded that immune therapies could potentially prevent long-term effects for auto immune autism. Findings in the study show glutamate therapy is most effective in bringing the neuro transmitters back to normal range, in addition to being an additional intervention to medication for treatment. 5. Bibliographic Information Stephanie Saaybi, Natally AlArab, Salem Hannoun, Maritherese Saade, Rayyan Tutunji, Carine Zeeni, … Rose-Mary Boustany. (2019). Pre- and Post-therapy Assessment of Clinical Outcomes and White Matter Integrity in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Pilot Study. Frontiers in Neurology. https://doiorg.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00877 Link https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/logi n.aspx?direct=true&db=edsdoj&AN=edsdoj.84a0393a5d64ea5aba51c 3340f1b869&site=eds-live&scope=site Annotation This study was conducted to determine if diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can identify white matter tract abnormalities in autism. MRI was conducted to gather baseline results in order to compare results after the study to determine improvement or no changes. The study was completed on toddlers and preschoolers who have been diagnosed with autism. Image findings with clinical improvement were compared after early interventions as well as, applied behavior analysis (ABA) therapy by verbal behavior milestones assessments. Placement program methods were also completed utilizing DTI scans. © 2014. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Y Autism Treatment These studies were completed on a total of 17 toddlers with autism diagnoses. DTI findings showed that autism patients’ white matter abnormalities showed benefits of the early interventions and ABA therapy on clinical and imaging outcomes. 6. Bibliographic Information Benger, M., Kinali, M., & Mazarakis, N. D. (2018). Autism spectrum disorder: Prospects for treatment using gene therapy. Molecular Autism, (1), 1. doi:10.1186/s13229-018-0222-8 Y Link https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.as px?direct=true&db=a9h&bquery=IS+20402392+AND+TI+(\%26quot\%3bAutism+spectrum+disorder\%3a+prospects+for +treatment+using+gene+therapy\%26quot\%3b)+AND+DT+\%26quot\%3b201 8\%26quot\%3b+AND+AU+\%26quot\%3bBenger\%26quot\%3b&cli0=FT&clv0=Y &type=1&searchMode=Standard&site=ehost-live&scope=site Annotation In this study gene replacement therapy is performed in patients with Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD) This study was completed over a period of five years. gene therapy offers a promising alternative to conventional small molecule therapies. Preclinical studies over the last 5 years using animal models displaying autism-like traits have demonstrated that directly altering gene expression using rAAVdelivered transgenes can reverse the behavioral phenotype, either via gene replacement or RNA knockdown. Such studies establish proofof-concept and set up a platform for clinical translation in various monogenic ASDs, with RS being a frontrunner in this regard. However, there is still much more research and barriers to gene therapy that need to be overcome first before this therapy can be offered to the public. There are many factors that need to be considered first such as hereditary factors which was explored some in this case study. 7. Bibliographic Information Caputo, G., Ippolito, G., Mazzotta, M., Sentenza, L., Muzio, M. R., Salzano, S., & Conson, M. (2018). Effectiveness of a multisystem aquatic therapy for children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 48(6), 1945-1956. © 2014. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Y Autism Treatment doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3456-y Link https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.as px?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=129572139&site=ehost-live&scope=site Annotation This study tested to see is aqua therapy would be a form of successful treatment for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Aqua therapy has been successful in other illnesses and disabilities to improve overall motor skills and improving injuries. It has been believed that aqua therapy would also be successful in improving the motor skills in children with Autism Spectrum disorder prior to this study. In this study it the effectiveness of a multisystem aquatic therapy on behavioral, emotional, social and swimming skills of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder was tested. Multisystem aquatic therapy was divided in three phases: emotional adaptation, swimming adaptation and social integration. This study was over a ten-month program. Following this study the aqua therapy group showed definitive evidence of improvements relative to controls on functional adaptation (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales), emotional response, adaptation to change and on activity level (Childhood Autism Rating Scale). Swimming skills learning was also demonstrated. Multisystem aquatic therapy is useful for ameliorating functional impairments of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, going well beyond a swimming training. 8. Bibliographic Information Green, J., Aldred, C., Charman, T., Couteur, A. L., Emsley, R. A., Grahame, V., . . . PACT-G Group. (2018). Paediatric autism communication therapy-generalised (PACT-G) against treatment as usual for reducing symptom severity in young children with autism spectrum disorder: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials, (1), 1. doi:10.1186/s13063-018-2881-3 Link https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.as px?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=131896062&site=ehost-live&scope=site © 2014. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Y Autism Treatment Annotation This study utilizes Pediatric Autism Communication Therapy-generalized or PAT-G. Prior evidence shows that behaviors closely related to the intervention delivered for autism are amenable to change, but it is more difficult to generalize treatment effects beyond the intervention context. This study tested an early autism intervention designed to promote generalization of therapy-acquired skills into home and school contexts to improve adaptive function and reduce symptoms. A detailed mechanism study was to address the process of such generalization. The first objective was put in place to test if the PACT-G intervention improves autism symptom outcome in the home and school context of the intervention as well as in the primary outcome research setting. The second objective used the mechanism analysis to test for evidence of acquired skills from intervention generalizing across contexts and producing additive effects on primary outcome. 9. Bibliographic Information Kaur, K. S., & Pathak, R. (2019). Play-based occupational therapy intervention on social skills in children with autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A case series. Indian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 51(1), 31-36. doi:10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_5_19 Link https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.as px?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=136066647&site=ehost-live&scope=site Annotation In children who have Autism Spectrum disorder the social aspect is one that is very difficult for children with ASD. Often times children with ASD do not know how to interact with their peers and are award in social settings. This presents a great deal of issues for them going into adulthood. In addition, due to the lack of their abilities to act appropriately in social settings many limits are set for children with ASD and this can also cause further anxiety, depression and behavioral problems. This study was completed in kids 4-5 years of age with a diagnosis of ASD. Data was collected prior to starting this study to determine social skills level before and after. Play was incorporated in occupational therapy in sessions that were completed twice a week for sixty minutes. After six months the data was reviewed which showed progress was made in social skills. © 2014. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Y Autism Treatment 10. Bibliographic Information Siniscalco, D., Kannan, S., Semprún-Hernández, N., Eshraghi, A. A., Brigida, A. L., & Antonucci, N. (2018). Stem cell therapy in autism: Recent insights. Stem Cells and Cloning, 11, 55-67. doi:http://dx.doi.org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.2147/SCCAA.S15541 0 Link https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search-proquestcom.lopes.idm.oclc.org/docview/2228644100?accountid=7374 Annotation Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by core domains: persistent deficits in social communication and interaction; restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. ASDs comprise heterogeneous and complex neurodevelopmental pathologies with well-defined inflammatory conditions and immune system dysfunction. Due to neurobiological changes underlying ASD development, cell-based therapies have been proposed and applied to ASDs. Indeed, stem cells show specific immunologic properties, which make them promising candidates in ASD treatment. This comprehensive up-to-date review focuses on ASD cellular and molecular abnormalities, potentially useful stem cell types, animal models, and current clinical trials on the use of stem cells in treating autism. The limits and barriers with these studies are also outlined in this study as well. © 2014. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Y Autism Treatment References Bibbo, G., Kirkwood, I., Sigalas, V., & Benger, T. (2019). Radioiodine (131I) therapy in a child with autism spectrum disorder: A complex and demanding task. World Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 18(3), 293-295. doi:10.4103/wjnm.WJNM_40_18 Dae-Wook Kang, Adams, J. B., Coleman, D. M., Pollard, E. L., Maldonado, J., Sharon McDonough-Means, . . . Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown. (2019). Long-term benefit of microbiota transfer therapy on autism symptoms and gut microbiota. Scientific Reports, (1), 1. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42183-0 Maussion, G., Rocha, C., Geneviève Bernard, Beitel, L. K., & Durcan, T. M. (2019). Patientderived stem cells, another in vitro model, or the missing link toward novel therapies for autism spectrum disorders? Frontiers in Pediatrics, doi:10.3389/fped.2019.00225 Ruu-Fen Tzang, Chuan-Hsin Chang, Yue-Cune Chang, & Hsien-Yuan Lane. (2019). Autism associated with anti-NMDAR encephalitis: Glutamate-related therapy. Frontiers in Psychiatry, doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00440 Saaybi, S., AlArab, N., Hannoun, S., Saade, M., Tutunji, R., Zeeni, C., . . . Rose-Mary Boustany. (2019). Pre- and post-therapy assessment of clinical outcomes and white matter integrity in autism spectrum disorder: Pilot study. Frontiers in Neurology, doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.0087 © 2014. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Autism Treatment Benger, M., Kinali, M., & Mazarakis, N. D. (2018). Autism spectrum disorder: Prospects for treatment using gene therapy. Molecular Autism, (1), 1. doi:10.1186/s13229-018-0222-8 Caputo, G., Ippolito, G., Mazzotta, M., Sentenza, L., Muzio, M. R., Salzano, S., & Conson, M. (2018). Effectiveness of a multisystem aquatic therapy for children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 48(6), 1945-1956. doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3456-y DiPietro, J., Kelemen, A., Liang, Y., & Cecilia Sik-Lanyi. (2019). Computer- and robot-assisted therapies to aid social and intellectual functioning of children with autism spectrum disorder. Medicina, (8), 440. doi:10.3390/medicina55080440 Green, J., Aldred, C., Charman, T., Couteur, A. L., Emsley, R. A., Grahame, V., . . . PACT-G Group. (2018). Paediatric autism communication therapy-generalised (PACT-G) against treatment as usual for reducing symptom severity in young children with autism spectrum disorder: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials, (1), 1. doi:10.1186/s13063-018-2881-3 Siniscalco, D., Kannan, S., Semprún-Hernández, N., Eshraghi, A. A., Brigida, A. L., & Antonucci, N. (2018). Stem cell therapy in autism: Recent insights. Stem Cells and Cloning, 11, 55-67. doi:http://dx.doi.org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.2147/SCCAA.S155410 © 2014. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Course Code PSY-802 Class Code PSY-802-O501 Criteria Criteria Percentage 100.0\% Identification of Topic and Rationale (Need) for the Intended Research 20.0\% Identification of the Main Theorists or Researchers Associated With the Research Topic 25.0\% Discussion of at Least One Theoretical Framework Under Consideration 25.0\% Identification of at Least One Academic Journal and Benefit of the Journal to the Intended Research 10.0\% Thesis Development and Purpose 10.0\% Mechanics of Writing 5.0\% APA Format 5.0\% Total Weightage 100\% Assignment Title Theories and Problems in Your Branch of Psychology 1: Unsatisfactory (0.00\%) An identification of topic and rationale (need) for the intended research is either missing or not evident to the reader. An identification of the main theorists or researchers associated with the research topic is not presented. A discussion of at least one theoretical framework under consideration is not presented. An identification of at least one academic journal and benefit of the journal to the intended research is not presented. Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim. Mechanical errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice and/or sentence construction are used. Required ... Purchase answer to see full attachment