Fluent Essays

Please view and read the attached file and answer the following questions                                             Questions Identify the constitutional amendments related to slavery. (See Supplementary Materials Folder in Moodle) Identify the impact of Dred Scott and the Missouri Compromise of 1820 on slavery. Define abolition. Relate equal protection to the 14th Amendment. Describe the facets of segregation/desegregation and the court cases that had an impact on these concepts (Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board of Education, etc.). Define the types of discrimination: de jure and de facto. Identify the essential principles and impact of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Identify the principles that have impacted voters’ rights throughout the course of U.S. history. Understand the impact of discrimination upon disenfranchised populations. Identify the essential principles of affirmative action, including the court cases that had an impact on this concept. Identify the purpose of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Chapter Five: Civil Rights Note: Students will click on right arrow at the bottom left of the slide to advance to the next slide. Then, students will click on the icon to play the audio for that slide. LO36 - Identify the Constitutional Amendments Related to Slavery Thirteenth Amendment – Abolished slavery. Fourteenth Amendment – Persons born or naturalized in the United States are citizens will full rights, including due process and equal protection. Fifteenth Amendment – Citizenship rights such as voting may not be denied on account of race, color, ethnicity, or slavery. LO37 – Identify the Impact of Dred Scott and the Missouri Compromise of 1820 on Slavery Dred Scott Case - A case decision which ruled that black men could not be citizens under the Constitution. Missouri Compromise of 1820 – created a line where northern states, except Missouri, were free states and southern states were slave states. LO38 – Define Abolition Abolition - A 19th Century movement demanding an immediate and unconditional end to slavery. LO39 - Relate Equal Protection to the 14th Amendment Equal Protection - A phrase in the 14th Amendment that requires equal treatment for all citizens based upon race, ethnicity, gender, religious beliefs, etc. Due process of law also applies to ensure that if equality is not maintained, certain legal processes will be afforded the individual. LO40 - Describe the Facets of Segregation/Desegregation and the Court Cases that had an Impact on These Concepts Plessy v. Ferguson – A Supreme Court ruling which determined that there was nothing inherently discriminatory in requiring “separate but equal” facilities for black and white races. Brown v. Board of Education - A Supreme Court ruling which determined that segregated schools violated the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment. Overturned the Plessy decision and the notion of “separate but equal.” In a second Brown decision, the Supreme Court determined that states were not desegregating quickly enough and ordered states to do so “with all due deliberate speed.” LO41 – Define the Types of Discrimination: De jure and De facto De jure discrimination – Discrimination based upon law, such as the specific protections mentioned in the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. De facto discrimination - Discrimination based upon facts or circumstances, not based in law. LO42 – Identify the Essential Principles and Impact of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Forbade state and local governments from denying access to public facilities on the basis of race, color, or national origin. Prohibited employers from discriminating on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Barred discrimination in private motels, hotels, theaters, and other public accommodations. Empowered the federal government to withhold funds from segregated schools. LO43 – Identify the Principles That Have Impacted Voters’ Rights Throughout the Course of U.S. History Voting Rights Act of 1965: The act protected the right to vote and the 15th Amendment by preventing: Literacy Tests Grandfather Clauses Poll Taxes and the like, and Empowered the attorney general, the Justice Department, and the U.S. District Court in Washington, D.C., to determine whether any proposed voting changes in suspect areas for potentially discriminatory effects. This protection was largely eliminated by a Supreme Court ruling in 2013. LO44 – Understand the Impact of Discrimination Upon Disenfranchised Populations Women: The Seneca Falls Convention was the first gathering for women’s rights. The Federal Education Amendments denied funds for programs discriminating against women in Title VI and equal access for athletic opportunities in Title IX. Craig v. Boren ruled that gender would be protected by heightened scrutiny, less than strict scrutiny standard used for racial discrimination. The Lilly Ledbetter Act lengthened the time a female employee could sue for discrimination to 180 days from her last paycheck. Hispanics: Established the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) in 1929. Hispanics are primarily focused on immigration rights. Asian Americans: Comprise the third largest minority in the U.S., after blacks and Hispanics. Have the highest education level and median personal income level among the American population although the demographics of this minority group are very diverse. LO44 – Understand the Impact of Discrimination Upon Disenfranchised Populations (Continued) Native Americans: The Dawes Act of 1887 divided reservation lands into individual land parcels to encourage farming. A 1831 Supreme Court case ruled that Indian tribes were Domestic Dependent Nations which meant that they enjoyed their sovereignty but not full sovereignty equivalent to independent nations. Native American poverty rates are double the national average. Established the American Indian Movement (AIM). People with Disabilities: Protected rights are established by Section 504 of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act and the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990. Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity: Protection of same-sex rights began with a police raid on a New York City gay bar named the Stonewall Inn. The case Obergefell v. Hodges in 2015 ruled that same-sex marriage was a civil right protected by the 14th Amendment. LO45 – Identify the Essential Principles of Affirmative Action, Including the Court Cases that had an Impact on this Concept The concept of Affirmative Action involves direct, positive steps be taken to recruit members of previously underrepresented or discriminated group into schools and jobs. The goal of this policy is to create equality of opportunity. The doctrine of disproportionate impact states that companies cannot hire or promote employees in ways that discriminate whether intended to do so or not. The Bakke case in 1978 ruled that establishing quotas for minority admission violated the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment although the use of race as a “plus” factor in the admissions process did not. LO46 – Identify the Purpose of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is the federal enforcement agency charged with monitoring compliance with the Civil Rights Act and associated civil rights protections.