Fluent Essays

there is 2 parts to answering this discussion part1 do you agree (or disagree) that counselors and educators must explore their own biases and prejudices, especially regarding sexual orientation and gender identity or expression? Miller, Miller, and Stull (2007) examined discriminatory behaviors of counselor educators and found a need for counselor educators to continue examination of their prejudices and discriminatory behaviors, particularly those related to sexual orientation and social class. Has this class helped you in examining your biases in order to help you become more effective as a clinician? What other research articles have you located that suggests clinicians struggle with skills in assessing and treating various sexual topics? Explain your findings with rationale. You may refer to the following articles  Grove, J. (2009). How competent are trainee and newly qualified counsellors to work           with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients and what do they perceive as their            most effective learning experiences. Counselling & Psychotherapy Research,            9(2), 78-85. DOI: 10.1080/14733140802490622 Satcher, J., & Leggett, M. (2007). Homonegativity among professional            school counselors: An exploratory study. Professional School            Counseling, 11(1), 10–16. Morrison, M. & Morrison, T. (2011). Sexual Orientation Bias Toward Gay Men and             Lesbian Women: Modern Homonegative Attitudes and Their Association             With Discriminatory Behavioral Intentions. Journal of Applied Social             Psychology, 41 (11). 2573-2599. DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00838.x Part 2 Explain how this new fact has impacted your apprehension toward and perception of human sexuality. Additionally, provide a complete description of what you have learned in this week regarding the male and female anatomies, physiologies, and sexual responses. If you were assigned to assess a client and found that this client reports of being a hermaphrodite, how might you respond? Would you feel comfortable asking this client what sex they identify with? Reference: Miller, K. L., Miller, S. M., & Stull, J. C. (2007). Predictors of counselor educators            cultural discriminatory behaviors. Journal of Counseling & Development, 85(3), 325–336. Female Sexual Anatomy.html Female Sexual Anatomy View a PDF transcript of Female Sexual Anatomy media/transcripts/Week2/SU_PSY4040_W2_L3_G1.pdf Page 1 of 4 PSY4040 Human Sexuality © 2013 South University Female Sexual Anatomy The Female Reproductive System A Posterior View of Ovaries Page 2 of 4 PSY4040 Human Sexuality © 2013 South University The ovaries are small, almond-shaped organs near the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity. Their functions include: Production of immature female gametes (oocytes) Secretion of female sex hormones (estrogens and progestins) Secretion of inhibin, involved in the feedback control of the pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Oogenesis Oogenesis, also known as ovum production, begins before birth, accelerates during puberty, and ends at menopause. Page 3 of 4 PSY4040 Human Sexuality © 2013 South University Uterus The uterus nurtures the developing embryo (one to eight weeks) and fetus (nine weeks through delivery). The uterus facilitates: Mechanical protection Nutritional support Waste removal Page 4 of 4 PSY4040 Human Sexuality © 2013 South University The Uterine Cycle (or Menstruation Cycle) The uterine cycle involves the degeneration of the functional zone. It: Occurs in patches Happens because of the constriction of spiral arteries, reducing blood flow, oxygen, and nutrients Causes weakened arterial walls to rupture, releasing blood into the connective tissues of the functional zone Male Sexual Anatomy.html Male Sexual Anatomy View a PDF transcript of Male Sexual Anatomy media/transcripts/Week2/SU_PSY4040_W2_L2_G1.pdf Page 1 of 4 PSY4040 Human Sexuality © 2013 South University Male Sexual Anatomy An Anterior View of the Male Reproductive System Page 2 of 4 PSY4040 Human Sexuality © 2013 South University An Interior View of the Male Reproductive System Page 3 of 4 PSY4040 Human Sexuality © 2013 South University Spermatogenesis Spermatogenesis is the process of sperm production. It begins at the outermost cell layer in seminiferous tubules and proceeds toward the lumen. Functions of Male Glands Page 4 of 4 PSY4040 Human Sexuality © 2013 South University The functions of male glands are: Activating spermatozoa Providing the nutrients the spermatozoa need for motility Propelling the spermatozoa and fluids along the reproductive tract (mainly by peristaltic contractions) Producing buffers to counteract the acidity of urethral and vaginal environments Male Reproductive Functions Attitudes Toward Sexuality.html Attitudes Toward Sexuality When you studied the history of sexuality last week, you learned about how Victorian attitudes toward sexuality have had a profound influence in shaping contemporary sexual attitudes. Western cultural attitudes toward sexuality were greatly influenced by religious attitudes. For example, one attitude forbids sex outside of marriage, or sexual activity between members of the same sex. The mass media is another factor that influences attitudes toward sexuality. Films, music, and television all influence human attitudes toward sexuality. Cognitive social learning theory suggests that men and women internalize messages (schemas) as acceptable standards for gendered sexual behavior. Sex is reported to be the most frequently searched topic on the Internet, and cybersex is a remarkably common activity for Internet users. To explore human attitudes toward sexuality, begin with exploring your own attitude toward pornography and sexual fantasies. Human Sexual Response Models.html Human Sexual Response Models There are three important models that explain the human sexual response. As you learned last week, Masters’ and Johnson’s model has four components: The excitement phase: During this stage, the person gets sexually aroused. The plateau phase is characterized by complete arousal prior to orgasm. The orgasmic phase considered the peak of the sexual activity, is characterized by orgasm. The resolution phase is the phase after orgasm, which is characterized by a relaxation of muscles, mostly accompanied by a refractory period. Kaplans Triphasic Model has three components: Sexual desire: This phase has been defined as an appetitive state—an innate psychological drive for sexual intimacy. During this stage, people get a warm, fuzzy feeling and become psychologically interested in sex before any physical bodily changes occur. Excitement: Also referred to as the vasocongestion of genitals phase, this phase is marked by the beginning of arousal in response to physical stimulation, psychological stimulation, or both. This phase may last for minutes or for hours. As the vasocongestion of genitals continues, men experience an erection and women experience lubrication. Orgasm: During an orgasm, both sexes experience a series of rhythmic, involuntary contractions along with highly pleasurable feelings. Orgasms typically last a few seconds, often accompanied by ejaculation in men and, sometimes, in women. Joanne Loulans Sexual Response Model has six components: Willingness: This phase involves the mere mental decision to have sexual intercourse. Sexual desire: During this phase, there may be no noticeable physiological changes but the person feels sexually aroused. Excitement: Excitement leads to increased heart rate and blood pressure. Engorgement of tissue: Like Masters’ and Johnson’s plateu phase, is characterized by complete arousal prior to orgasm. Orgasm: This is the equivalent of Masters and Johnsons orgasmic phase. Pleasure: This is the equivalent of Masters and Johnsons resolution phase.