Fluent Essays

66352_FM_ptg01_i-xxviii.indd 4 10/21/14 12:16 AM www.acetxt.com Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States Robert N. Lussier, Ph.D. Spring field College Christopher F. Achua, D.B.A. University of Virginia’s College at Wise S I X T H E D I T I O N Leadership THEORY, APPLICATION, & SKILL DE VELOPMENT 66352_FM_ptg01_i-xxviii.indd 1 10/21/14 12:16 AM Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. www.acetxt.com 66352_FM_ptg01_i-xxviii.indd 4 10/21/14 12:16 AM This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product text may not be available in the eBook version. Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). 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Library of Congress Control Number: 2014942594 Student Edition ISBN: 978-1-285-86635-2 Cengage Learning 20 Channel Center Street Boston, MA 02210 USA Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with office locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan. Locate your local office at: www.cengage.com/global Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. To learn more about Cengage Learning Solutions, visit www.cengage.com Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online store www.cengagebrain.com Leadership: Theory, Application, & Skill Development, 6e Robert N. Lussier, Christopher F. Achua Vice President, General Manager, Social Science & Qualitative Business: Erin Joyner Product Director:  Michael Schenk Senior Product Manager: Scott Person Senior Content Developer:  Julia Chase Product Assistant:  Brian Pierce Marketing Director: Kristen Hurd Market Manager: Emily Horowitz Marketing Coordinator: Christopher Walz Art and Cover Direction, Production Management, and Composition: Lumina Datamatics, Inc. 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Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. WCN: 02-200-203 www.acetxt.com DEDICATION To my wife Marie and our six children: Jesse, Justin, Danielle, Nicole, Brian, and Renee — Robert N. Lussier To my family, especially my wife (Pauline), the children (Justin, Brooke, Jordan, Cullen, Gregory and Zora) and my mother (Theresia Sirri). — Christopher F. Achua 66352_FM_ptg01_i-xxviii.indd 3 10/21/14 12:16 AM Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. www.acetxt.com 66352_FM_ptg01_i-xxviii.indd 4 10/21/14 12:16 AM Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. www.acetxt.com v Brief Contents Preface xiii Acknowledgments xxv About the Authors xxviii PART ONE INDIVIDuALS AS LEADERS 1 Who Is a Leader and What Skills Do Leaders Need? 1 2 Leadership Traits and Ethics 31 3 Leadership Behavior and Motivation 68 4 Contingency Leadership Theories 108 5 Influencing: Power, Politics, Networking, and Negotiation 144 PART TWO TEAM LEADERSHIP 6 Communication, Coaching, and Conflict Skills 183 7 Leader–Member Exchange and Followership 230 8 Team Leadership and Self-Managed Teams 268 PART THREE ORgANIzATIONAL LEADERSHIP 9 Charismatic and Transfor mational Leadership 319 10 Leadership of Culture, Ethics, and Diversity 357 11 Strategic Leadership and Change Management 395 12 Crisis Leadership and the Learning Organization 428 Appendix: Leadership and Spirituality in the Workplace 464 Glossary 474 Index 481 66352_FM_ptg01_i-xxviii.indd 5 10/21/14 12:16 AM Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. www.acetxt.com v i Contents Preface xiii Acknowledgments xxv About the Authors xxviii PART ONE INDIVIDuALS AS LEADERS CHAPTER 1 Who Is a Leader and What Skills Do Leaders Need? 1 Leadership Described 2 Leadership Development 2 / Defining Leadership with Five Key Elements 5 Leadership Skills 8 Are Leaders Born or Made? 8 / Can Leadership Be Taught and Skills Developed? 9 / Managerial Leadership Skills 9 Leadership Managerial Roles 11 Interpersonal Roles 11 / Informational Roles 12 / Decisional Roles 12 Levels of Analysis of Leadership Theory 14 Individual Level of Analysis 14 / group Level of Analysis 14 / Organizational Level of Analysis 14 / Interrelationships among the Levels of Analysis 15 Leadership Theory Paradigms 16 The Trait Theory Paradigm 16 / The Behavioral Leadership Theory Paradigm 16 / The Contingency Leadership Theory Paradigm 17 / The Integrative Leadership Theory Paradigm 17 / From the Management to the Leadership Theory Paradigm 17 Objectives of the Book 18 Leadership Theory 19 / Application of Leadership Theory 20 / Leadership Skill Development 20 / Flexibility 20 Organization of the Book 20 Chapter Summary 21 Key Terms 22 / Review Questions 22 / Critical-Thinking Questions 22 CASE: From Steve Jobs to Tim Cook—Apple 23 VIDEO CASE: Leadership at P. F. Chang’s 24 Developing Your Leadership Skills 1-1 24 Developing Your Leadership Skills 1-2 26 66352_FM_ptg01_i-xxviii.indd 6 10/21/14 12:17 AM Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. www.acetxt.com CONTENTS vii CHAPTER 2 Leadership Traits and Ethics 31 Personality Traits and Leadership Trait universality 32 Personality and Traits 33 / Personality Profiles 34 / Leadership Trait universality 35 The Big Five Including Traits of Effective Leaders 36 Surgency 36 / Agreeableness 37 / Adjustment 37 / Conscientiousness 38 / Openness 38 The Personality Profile of Effective Leaders 41 Achievement Motivation Theory 41 / Leader Motive Profile Theory 43 Leadership Attitudes 45 Theory X and Theory Y 46 / The Pygmalion Effect 47 / Self-Concept 48 / How Attitudes Develop Leadership Styles 49 Ethical Leadership 50 Does Ethical Behavior Pay? 51 / Factors Influencing Ethical Behavior 52 / How People Justify unethical Behavior 54 / guides to Ethical Behavior 56 Chapter Summary 57 Key Terms 58 / Review Questions 58 / Critical-Thinking Questions 59 CASE: Blake Mycoskie and TOMS 59 VIDEO CASE: “P.F.” Chang’s Serves Its Workers Well 61 Developing Your Leadership Skills 2-1 61 Developing Your Leadership Skills 2-2 63 Developing Your Leadership Skills 2-3 63 CHAPTER 3 Leadership Behavior and Motivation 68 Leadership Behavior and Styles 69 Leadership Behavior 69 / Leadership Styles and the university of Iowa Research 70 university of Michigan and Ohio State university Studies 71 university of Michigan: Job-Centered and Employee-Centered Behavior 72 / Ohio State university: Initiating Structure and Consideration Behavior 74 / Differences, Contributions, and Applications of Leadership Models 75 The Leadership grid 75 Leadership grid Theory 76 / Leadership grid and High-High Leader Research 77 / Behavioral Theory Contributions and Applications 78 Leadership and Major Motivation Theories 79 Motivation and Leadership 79 / The Motivation Process 79 / An Overview of Three Major Classifications of Motivation Theories 80 Content Motivation Theories 80 Hierarchy of Needs Theory 80 / Two-Factor Theory 82 / Acquired Needs Theory 86 / Balancing Work–Life Needs 87 Process Motivation Theories 87 Equity Theory 87 / Expectancy Theory 88 / goal-Setting Theory 89 / using goal Setting to Motivate Employees 91 Reinforcement Theory 92 Types of Reinforcement 93 / Schedules of Reinforcement 94 / You get What You Reinforce 95 / Motivating with Reinforcement 96 / giving Praise 96 66352_FM_ptg01_i-xxviii.indd 7 10/21/14 12:17 AM Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. www.acetxt.com viii CONTENTS Putting the Motivation Theories Together within the Motivation Process 99 Chapter Summary 100 Key Terms 100 / Review Questions 101 / Critical-Thinking Questions 101 CASE: Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg 102 VIDEO CASE: Motivation at Washburn guitars 103 Developing Your Leadership Skills 3-1 103 Behavior Model Skills Training 3-1 104 Behavior Model Video 3-1 104 Developing Your Leadership Skills 3-2 104 CHAPTER 4 Contingency Leadership Theories 108 Contingency Leadership Theories and Models 109 Leadership Theories versus Leadership Models 110 / Contingency Theory and Model Variables 110 / global Contingency Leadership 111 Contingency Leadership Theory and Model 112 Leadership Style and the LPC 113 / Situational Favorableness 114 / Determining the Appropriate Leadership Style 114 / Research, Criticism, and Applications 116 Leadership Continuum Theory and Model 117 Path–goal Leadership Theory and Model 119 Situational Factors 120 / Leadership Styles 121 / Research, Criticism, and Applications 122 Normative Leadership Theory and Models 123 Leadership Participation Styles 124 / Model Questions to Determine the Appropriate Leadership Style 124 / Selecting the Time-Driven or Development-Driven Model for the Situation 127 / Determining the Appropriate Leadership Style 127 / Research, Criticism, and Applications 127 Putting the Behavioral and Contingency Leadership Theories Together 128 Prescriptive and Descriptive Models 129 Leadership Substitutes Theory 131 Substitutes and Neutralizers 131 / Leadership Style 132 / Changing the Situation 132 / Research, Criticism, and Applications 132 Chapter Summary 133 Key Terms 134 / Review Questions 134 / Critical-Thinking Questions 134 CASE: Foxconn Technology group 135 VIDEO CASE: Leadership at McDonald’s 136 Developing Your Leadership Skills 4-1 139 Developing Your Leadership Skills 4-2 140 CHAPTER 5 Influencing: Power, Politics, Networking, and Negotiation 144 Power 145 Sources of Power 146 / Types of Power and Influencing Tactics, and Ways to Increase Your Power 146 Organizational Politics 153 The Nature of Organizational Politics 154 / Political Behavior 155 / guidelines for Developing Political Skills 156 66352_FM_ptg01_i-xxviii.indd 8 10/21/14 12:17 AM Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. www.acetxt.com CONTENTS ix Networking 159 Perform a Self-Assessment and Set goals 160 / Create Your One-Minute Self-Sell 161 / Develop Your Network 162 / Conduct Networking Interviews 162 / Maintain Your Network 164 / Social Networking at Work 164 Negotiation 165 Negotiating 166 / The Negotiation Process 166 Ethics and Influencing 171 Chapter Summary 172 Key Terms 173 / Review Questions 173 / Critical-Thinking Questions 173 CASE: Organizational Power and Politics 174 VIDEO CASE: Employee Networks at Whirlpool Corporation 175 Developing Your Leadership Skills 5-1 176 Developing Your Leadership Skills 5-2 177 Developing Your Leadership Skills 5-3 178 Developing Your Leadership Skills 5-4 179 PART TWO TEAM LEADERSHIP CHAPTER 6 Communication, Coaching, and Conflict Skills 183 Communication 184 Communication and Leadership 185 / Sending Messages and giving Instructions 185 / Receiving Messages 188 Feedback 191 The Importance of Feedback 191 / Common Approaches to getting Feedback on Messages—and Why They Don’t Work 192 / How to get Feedback on Messages 192 Coaching 194 How to give Coaching Feedback 194 / What Is Criticism—and Why Doesn’t It Work? 197 / The Coaching Model for Employees Who Are Performing Below Standard 198 / Mentoring 200 Managing Conflict 200 The Psychological Contract 201 / Conflict Management Styles 201 Collaborating Conflict Management Style Models 205 Initiating Conflict Resolution 206 / Responding to Conflict Resolution 207 / Mediating Conflict Resolution 207 Chapter Summary 210 Key Terms 210 / Review Questions 211 / Critical-Thinking Questions 211 CASE: Reed Hastings—Netflix 211 VIDEO CASE: Communication at Navistar International 213 Developing Your Leadership Skills 6-1 214 Behavior Model Skills Training 6-1 215 Behavior Model Video 6-1 221 Developing Your Leadership Skills 6-2 222 Behavior Model Skills Training 6-2 222 Behavior Model Video 6-2 223 Developing Your Leadership Skills 6-3 223 Developing Your Leadership Skills 6-4 224 Behavior Model Video 6-3 225 Developing Your Leadership Skills 6-5 225 Behavior Model Video 6-4 226 66352_FM_ptg01_i-xxviii.indd 9 10/21/14 12:17 AM Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. x CONTENTS CHAPTER 7 Leader–Member Exchange and Followership 230 From Vertical Dyadic Linkage Theory to Leader–Member Exchange Theory 232 Vertical Dyadic Linkage Theory 232 / Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) Theory 234 / Factors That Influence LMX Relationships 235 / The Benefits of High-Quality LMX Relationships 237 / Criticisms of LMX Theory 238 Followership 239 Defining Followership 240 / Types of Followers 241 / Becoming an Effective Follower 242 / guidelines to Becoming an Effective Follower 244 / Factors That Can Enhance Follower Influence 246 / Dual Role of Being a Leader and a Follower 249 Delegation 249 Delegating 249 / Delegation Decisions 250 / Delegating with the use of a Model 252 / Evaluating Followers: guidelines for Success 254 Chapter Summary 255 Key Terms 256 / Review Questions 256 / Critical-Thinking Questions 257 CASE: W. L. gore & Associates 257 VIDEO CASE: Delegation at Boyne uSA Resorts 259 Developing Your Leadership Skills 7-1 260 Behavior Model Skills Training 260 The Delegation Model 260 Behavior Model Video 7.1 261 Developing Your Leadership Skills 7-2 261 CHAPTER 8 Team Leadership and Self-Managed Teams 268 The use of Teams in Organizations 270 Is It a group or a Team? 271 / Benefits and Limitations of Teamwork 272 / What Is an Effective Team? 275 / Characteristics of Highly Effective Teams 276 / Team Leadership 279 / Organizational Culture and Team Creativity 281 Types of Teams 283 Functional Team 283 / Cross-Functional Team 284 / Virtual Team 285 / Self-Managed Team (SMT) 285 Decision Making in Teams 286 Normative Leadership Model 286 / Team-Centered Decision-Making Model 287 / Advantages and Disadvantages of Team-Centered Decision Making 287 Conducting Effective Team Meetings 288 Planning Meetings 289 / Conducting Meetings 290 / Handling Problem Members 291 Self-Managed Teams 293 The Nature of Self-Managed Teams 294 / The Benefits of Self-Managed Teams 295 / Top Management and Self-Managed Team Success 297 / The Changing Role of Leadership in Self-Managed Teams 298 / The Challenges of Implementing Self-Managed Teams 299 Chapter Summary 300 Key Terms 301 / Review Questions 301 / Critical Thinking Questions 302 CASE: Frederick W. Smith—FedEx 302 VIDEO CASE: The NEADS Team: People and Dogs 304 Behavior Model Skills Training 8-1 304 Leadership Decision-Making Model 305 Behavior Model Video 8-1 and Video Exercise 307 Developing Your Leadership Skills 8-1 308 Developing Your Leadership Skills 8-2 310 66352_FM_ptg01_i-xxviii.indd 10 10/21/14 12:17 AM Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. CONTENTS xi PART THREE ORgANIzATIONAL LEADERSHIP CHAPTER 9 Charismatic and Transfor mational Leadership 319 Charismatic Leadership 321 Weber’s Conceptualization of Charisma 321 / Locus of Charismatic Leadership 322 / The Effects of Charismatic Leaders on Followers 323 / How One Acquires Charismatic Qualities 324 / Charisma: A Double-Edged Sword 326 Transformational Leadership 328 The Effects of Transformational Leadership 328 / Transformational versus Transactional Leadership 329 / The Transformation Process 331 Charismatic-Transformational Leadership 333 Qualities of Effective Charismatic and Transformational Leadership 333 / Charismatic and Transformational Leadership: What’s the Difference? 339 Stewardship and Servant Leadership 342 Stewardship and Attributes of the Effective Steward Leader 343 / Servant Leadership and Attributes of the Effective Servant Leader 344 Chapter Summary 346 Key Terms 348 / Review Questions 348 / Critical-Thinking Questions 348 CASE: ursula Burns: Xerox’s Chairwoman and CEO 349 VIDEO CASE: Timbuk2: Former CEO Sets a Course 351 Developing Your Leadership Skills 9-1 351 CHAPTER 10 Leadership of Culture, Ethics, and Diversity 357 What Is Organizational Culture? 359 Culture Creation and Sustainability 359 / The Power of Culture 360 / Strong versus Weak Cultures 361 / The Leader’s Role in Influencing Culture 364 / Types of Culture 366 / National Culture Identities—Hofstede’s Value Dimensions 369 Organizational Ethics 371 Fostering an Ethical Work Environment 372 / Authentic Leadership 374 Diversity Leadership 375 The Changing Work Place 376 / Benefits of Embracing Diversity 376 / Creating a Pro-Diversity Organizational Culture 378 / The Effects of globalization on Diversity Leadership 382 Chapter Summary 383 Key Terms 384 / Review Questions 385 / Critical-Thinking Questions 385 CASE: Mary Barra—New CEO of general Motors 385 VIDEO CASE: Diversity at PepsiCo 387 Developing Your Leadership Skills 10-1 387 Developing Your Leadership Skills 10-2 388 Developing Your Leadership Skills 10-3 389 CHAPTER 11 Strategic Leadership and Change Management 395 Strategic Leadership 397 globalization and Environmental Sustainability 399 / Strategic Leadership and the Strategic Management Process 400 The Strategic Management Process 401 Crafting a Vision and Mission Statement 402 / Setting Organizational Objectives 404 / Strategy Formulation 405 / Strategy Execution 408 / Strategy Evaluation and Control 411 66352_FM_ptg01_i-xxviii.indd 11 10/21/14 12:17 AM Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. xii CONTENTS Leading Organizational Change 411 The Need for Organizational Change 412 / The Role of Top Leaders in Managing Change 412 / The Change Management Process 413 / Why People Resist Change 414 / Minimizing Resistance to Change 416 Chapter Summary 418 Key Terms 419 / Review Questions 419 / Critical Thinking Questions 420 CASE: Nike in the Era of CEO Mark Parker 420 VIDEO CASE: Original Penguin Spreads Its Wings 422 Developing Your Leadership Skills 11-1 422 Developing Your Leadership Skills 11-2 423 Developing Your Leadership Skills 11-3 423 CHAPTER 12 Crisis Leadership and the Learning Organization 428 Crisis Leadership 430 Crisis Communication in the Age of Social Media 432 / Formulating a Crisis Plan 433 / The Three-Stage Crisis Management Plan 433 / The Five-Step Crisis Risk Assessment Model 437 / Effective Crisis Communication 440 / guideliness to Effective Crisis Communication 441 The Learning Organization and Knowledge Management 443 Learning Organization Characterisitcs 444 / What Is Knowledge Management? 445 / Traditional Versus the Learning Organization 446 / The Learning Organizational Culture and Firm Performance 449 / The Role of Leaders in Creating a Learning Organization Culture 449 Chapter Summary 452 Key Terms 454 / Review Questions 454 / Critical Thinking Questions 454 CASE: Merck CEO–Ken Frazier. First African American Leading a Major Pharmaceutical Company 455 VIDEO CASE: Managing in Turbulent Times at Second City Theater 457 Developing Your Leadership Skills 12-1 457 Developing Your Leadership Skills 12-2 458 Appendix: Leadership and Spirituality in the Workplace 464 Glossary 474 Index 481 66352_FM_ptg01_i-xxviii.indd 12 10/21/14 12:17 AM Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. x i i i Preface Target Market This book is intended for leadership courses offered at the undergraduate and graduate levels in schools of busi- ness, public administration, health care, education, psychology, and sociology. No prior coursework in business or management is required. The textbook can also be used in management development courses that emphasize the leadership function, and can supplement management or organizational behavior courses that emphasize leader- ship, especially with an applications/skill development focus. Goals and Overview of Competitive Advantages In his book Power Tools, John Nirenberg asks, “Why are so many well-intended students learning so much and yet able to apply so little in their personal and professional lives?” Is it surprising that students cannot apply what they read and cannot develop skills, when most textbooks continue to focus on theoretical concepts? Textbooks need to take the next step and develop students’ ability to apply what they read and to build skills using the concepts. I (Lussier) started writing management textbooks in 1988—prior to the call by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) for skill development and outcomes assessment—to help professors teach their stu- dents how to apply concepts and develop management skills. Pfeffer and Sutton concluded that the most important insight from their research is that knowledge that is actually implemented is much more likely to be acquired from learning by doing, than from learning by reading, listening, or thinking. We designed this book to give students the opportunity to learn by doing. The overarching goal of this book is ref lected in its subtitle: theory, application, skill development. We devel- oped the total package to teach leadership theory and concepts, to improve ability to apply the theory through critical thinking, and to develop leadership skills. Following are our related goals in writing this book: • To be the only traditional leadership textbook to incorporate the three-pronged approach. We make a clear dis- tinction between coverage of theory concepts, their application, and the development of skills based on the con- cepts. The Test Bank includes questions under each of the three approaches. • To make this the most “how-to” leadership book on the market. We offer behavior models with step-by-step guidelines for handling various leadership functions (such as how to set objectives, give praise and instructions, coach followers, resolve conflicts, and negotiate). • To offer the best coverage of traditional leadership theories, by presenting the theories and research findings with- out getting bogged down in too much detail. • To create a variety of high-quality application material, using the concepts to develop critical-thinking skills. • To create a variety of high-quality skill-development exercises, which build leadership skills that can be used in students’ personal and professional life. • To offer behavior-modeling leadership skills training. • To make available a DVD, including 7 Behavior Model Videos and 12 Video Cases. • To suggest self-assessment materials that are well integrated and illustrate the important concepts discussed in the text. Students begin by determining their personality profile in Chapter 2, and then …