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Week 4: Alterations in the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems Cardiovascular and respiratory disorders can quickly become dangerous healthcare matters, and they routinely land among the leading causes of hospital admissions. Disorders in these areas are complicated by the fact that these two systems work so closely as contributors to overall health. APRNs working to form a similarly close partnership with patients must demonstrate not only support and compassion but theexpertise to guide the understanding of diagnoses and treatment plans. This includes an understanding of patient medical backgrounds, relevant characteristics, and other variables that can be factored in their diagnoses and treatments. This week, you examine alterations in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and the resultant disease processes. You also consider patient characteristics, including racial and ethnic variables, and the impact they have on altered physiology. Learning Objectives Students will: Analyze processes related to cardiovascular and respiratory disorders Analyze alterations in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and the resultant disease processes Analyze racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning Evaluate the impact of patient characteristics on disorders and altered physiology  Learning Resources Required Readings (click to expand/reduce) McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier. Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems; Summary Review Chapter 33: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function (stop at Dysrhythmias); Summary Review Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System; Summary Review Chapter 36: Alterations of Pulmonary Function (stop at Disorders of the chest wall and pleura); (obstructive pulmonary diseases) (stop at Pulmonary artery hypertension); Summary ReviewNote: The above chapters were first presented in the Week 3 resources. If you read them previously you are encouraged to review them this week.   Inamdar, A. A. & Inamdar, A. C. (2016). Heart failure: Diagnosis, management, and utilization, 5(7). doi:10.3390/jcm5070062 Note: The above article was first presented in the Week 3 resources. If you read it previously you are encouraged to review it this week. Required Media (click to expand/reduce) Module 2 Assignment: Case Study Analysis An understanding of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems is a critically important component of disease diagnosis and treatment. This importance is magnified by the fact that these two systems work so closely together. A variety of factors and circumstances that impact the emergence and severity of issues in one system can have a role in the performance of the other. Effective disease analysis often requires an understanding that goes beyond these systems and their capacity to work together. The impact of patient characteristics, as well as racial and ethnic variables, can also have an important impact. Photo Credit: yodiyim / Adobe Stock An understanding of the symptoms of alterations in cardiovascular and respiratory systems is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For APRNs this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans. In this Assignment, you examine a case study and analyze the symptoms presented. You identify the elements that may be factors in the diagnosis, and you explain the implications to patient health. To prepare: By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific case study scenario for this Case Study Assignment. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor. Assignment (1- to 2-page case study analysis) In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following The cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes result in the patient presenting these symptoms. Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning. How these processes interact to affect the patient   Group A (S2/1) Scenario 1: 76-year-old female patient complains of weight gain, shortness of breath, peripheral edema, and abdominal swelling. She has a history of congestive heart failure and admits to not taking her diuretic, as it makes her “have to get up every couple hours to go to the bathroom.” She now must sleep on two pillows in order to get enough air. Rubric Detail Select Grid View or List View to change the rubric's layout. Content Name: NURS_6501_Module2_Case Study_Assignment_Rubric Grid View List View   Excellent Good Fair Poor Develop a 1- to 2-page case study analysis, examing the patient symptoms presented in the case study. Be sure to address the following: Explain both the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes of why the patient presents these symptoms. Points: Points Range: 28 (28%) - 30 (30%) The response accurately and thoroughly describes the patient symptoms. The response includes accurate, clear, and detailed reasons, with explanation for both the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation. Feedback: Points: Points Range: 25 (25%) - 27 (27%) The response describes the patient symptoms. The response includes accurate reasons, with explanation for both the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation. Feedback: Points: Points Range: 23 (23%) - 24 (24%) The response describes the patient symptoms in a manner that is vague or inaccurate. The response includes reasons for the cardiovascular and/or cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes, with explanations that are vague or based on inappropriate evidence/research. Feedback: Points: Points Range: 0 (0%) - 22 (22%) The response describes the patient symptoms in a manner that is vague and inaccurate, or the description is missing. The response does not include reasons for either the cardiovascular or cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes, or the explanations are vague or based on inappropriate or no evidence/research. Feedback: Explain how the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes interact to affect the patient. Points: Points Range: 28 (28%) - 30 (30%) The response includes an accurate, complete, detailed, and specific explanation of how the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes interact to affect the patient. Feedback: Points: Points Range: 25 (25%) - 27 (27%) The response includes an accurate explanation of how the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes interact to affect the patient. Feedback: Points: Points Range: 23 (23%) - 24 (24%) The response includes a vague or inaccurate explanation of how the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes interact to affect the patient. Feedback: Points: Points Range: 0 (0%) - 22 (22%) The response includes a vague or inaccurate explanation of how the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes interact to affect the patient. Feedback: Explain any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning. Points: Points Range: 23 (23%) - 25 (25%) The response includes an accurate, complete, detailed, and specific explanation of racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation. Feedback: Points: Points Range: 20 (20%) - 22 (22%) The response includes an accurate explanation of racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation. Feedback: Points: Points Range: 18 (18%) - 19 (19%) The response includes a vague or inaccurate explanation of racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning, and/or explanations based on inappropriate evidence/research. Feedback: Points: Points Range: 0 (0%) - 17 (17%) The response includes a vague or inaccurate explanation of racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning, or the explanations are based on inappropriate or no evidence/research. Feedback: Written Expression and Formatting - Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction are provided that delineate all required criteria. Points: Points Range: 5 (5%) - 5 (5%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion are provided that delineate all required criteria. Feedback: Points: Points Range: 4 (4%) - 4 (4%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time. Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment are stated, yet are brief and not descriptive. Feedback: Points: Points Range: 3 (3%) - 3 (3%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%–79% of the time. Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment are vague or off topic. Feedback: Points: Points Range: 0 (0%) - 2 (2%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 60% of the time. No purpose statement, introduction, or conclusion were provided. Feedback: Written Expression and Formatting - English Writing Standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation Points: Points Range: 5 (5%) - 5 (5%) Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors. Feedback: Points: Points Range: 4 (4%) - 4 (4%) Contains a few (1 or 2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. Feedback: Points: Points Range: 3 (3%) - 3 (3%) Contains several (3 or 4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. Feedback: Points: Points Range: 0 (0%) - 2 (2%) Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding. Feedback: Written Expression and Formatting - The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running heads, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list. Points: Points Range: 5 (5%) - 5 (5%) Uses correct APA format with no errors. Feedback: Points: Points Range: 4 (4%) - 4 (4%) Contains a few (1 or 2) APA format errors. Feedback: Points: Points Range: 3 (3%) - 3 (3%) Contains several (3 or 4) APA format errors. Feedback: Points: Points Range: 0 (0%) - 2 (2%) Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors. Feedback: Show Descriptions Show Feedback Develop a 1- to 2-page case study analysis, examing the patient symptoms presented in the case study. Be sure to address the following: Explain both the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes of why the patient presents these symptoms.-- Levels of Achievement: Excellent 28 (28%) - 30 (30%) The response accurately and thoroughly describes the patient symptoms. The response includes accurate, clear, and detailed reasons, with explanation for both the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation. Good 25 (25%) - 27 (27%) The response describes the patient symptoms. The response includes accurate reasons, with explanation for both the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation. Fair 23 (23%) - 24 (24%) The response describes the patient symptoms in a manner that is vague or inaccurate. The response includes reasons for the cardiovascular and/or cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes, with explanations that are vague or based on inappropriate evidence/research. Poor 0 (0%) - 22 (22%) The response describes the patient symptoms in a manner that is vague and inaccurate, or the description is missing. The response does not include reasons for either the cardiovascular or cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes, or the explanations are vague or based on inappropriate or no evidence/research. Feedback: Explain how the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes interact to affect the patient.-- Levels of Achievement: Excellent 28 (28%) - 30 (30%) The response includes an accurate, complete, detailed, and specific explanation of how the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes interact to affect the patient. Good 25 (25%) - 27 (27%) The response includes an accurate explanation of how the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes interact to affect the patient. Fair 23 (23%) - 24 (24%) The response includes a vague or inaccurate explanation of how the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes interact to affect the patient. Poor 0 (0%) - 22 (22%) The response includes a vague or inaccurate explanation of how the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes interact to affect the patient. Feedback: Explain any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.-- Levels of Achievement: Excellent 23 (23%) - 25 (25%) The response includes an accurate, complete, detailed, and specific explanation of racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation. Good 20 (20%) - 22 (22%) The response includes an accurate explanation of racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation. Fair 18 (18%) - 19 (19%) The response includes a vague or inaccurate explanation of racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning, and/or explanations based on inappropriate evidence/research. Poor 0 (0%) - 17 (17%) The response includes a vague or inaccurate explanation of racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning, or the explanations are based on inappropriate or no evidence/research. Feedback: Written Expression and Formatting - Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction are provided that delineate all required criteria.-- Levels of Achievement: Excellent 5 (5%) - 5 (5%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion are provided that delineate all required criteria. Good 4 (4%) - 4 (4%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time. Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment are stated, yet are brief and not descriptive. Fair 3 (3%) - 3 (3%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%–79% of the time. Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment are vague or off topic. Poor 0 (0%) - 2 (2%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 60% of the time. No purpose statement, introduction, or conclusion were provided. Feedback: Written Expression and Formatting - English Writing Standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation-- Levels of Achievement: Excellent 5 (5%) - 5 (5%) Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors. Good 4 (4%) - 4 (4%) Contains a few (1 or 2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. Fair 3 (3%) - 3 (3%) Contains several (3 or 4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. Poor 0 (0%) - 2 (2%) Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding. Feedback: Written Expression and Formatting - The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running heads, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.-- Levels of Achievement: Excellent 5 (5%) - 5 (5%) Uses correct APA format with no errors. Good 4 (4%) - 4 (4%) Contains a few (1 or 2) APA format errors. Fair 3 (3%) - 3 (3%) Contains several (3 or 4) APA format errors. Poor 0 (0%) - 2 (2%) Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors. Feedback: Total Points: 100 Name: NURS_6501_Module2_Case Study_Assignment_Rubric