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Analyzing Technology & Job Displacement
Instructions:
In this unit’s reading, you explored inequalities emergent from technological advancement. Technology has changed many things about the way that the world lives, works, produces things, and runs. The energy industry has been significantly impacted by the development of renewable energy harnessing; however, there are winners and losers in the development of this technology.
For this discussion, first, read 2 of the attached articles. and then provide a logical discussion about the coal industry and how it is being replaced due to technology.
Second, answer the following questions:
· How does renewable technology impact the economy of coal towns?
· How does renewable technology impact the economy of cities where renewable energy is being produced?
· What barriers limit the ability of coal industry employees to integrate into renewable energy jobs?
· Do you think the advantages of renewable energy outweigh the disadvantages OR do you think the disadvantages of renewable energy outweigh the advantages? Explain.
Provide at least 2 resources in APA format.
Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.
Instructions:
Please respond to a minimum of two peers.
Review the analysis of at least 2 peers. In your response, please address the following topics:
· Identify 1 social problem related to renewable energy that your peer did not discuss.
· Discuss barriers to solve this problem.
· Propose a solution to the problem.
Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.
Coal job losses offset elsewhere
Gutman, David . The Charleston Gazette ; Charleston, W.V. [Charleston, W.V]13 Apr 2015: A.1.
ProQuest document link
ABSTRACT
As the American electricity sector transformed following the 2008 recession, job losses in the coal industry were
far outweighed by job gains in natural gas, wind and solar. But, as a tour through West Virginias southern
coalfields would show, those new jobs were typically not created in the same areas where jobs were lost, a new
study finds. The coal electricity industry lost more than 49,000 jobs between 2008 and 2012, the report from Duke
Universitys Nicholas School of the Environment estimated.
So for the coal sector, the numbers encompass not only mining jobs, but jobs involving transporting coal and jobs
at coal-fired power plants. Metallurgical coal is excluded.
Its not very promising, unfortunately, at least in the near term, [Lincoln Pratson], a professor of earth science, said
of energy jobs in West Virginia. I am always impressed at how rapidly the energy industry changes so Im hesitant
to say what this bodes for even the near future for West Virginia, but if you just look at the situation as it stands
now it doesnt look like the coal industry is going to undergo a rapid period of growth anytime soon.
FULL TEXT
As the American electricity sector transformed following the 2008 recession, job losses in the coal industry were
far outweighed by job gains in natural gas, wind and solar. But, as a tour through West Virginias southern
coalfields would show, those new jobs were typically not created in the same areas where jobs were lost, a new
study finds. The coal electricity industry lost more than 49,000 jobs between 2008 and 2012, the report from Duke
Universitys Nicholas School of the Environment estimated.
At the same time, the study estimates that the natural gas industry added nearly 95,000 jobs and wind and solar
added a combined 79,000 jobs.
Thats a net increase of more than 124,000 energy jobs over the last four years, but, for suffering coal communities,
the job gains arent in the right places.
Job increases in the natural gas, solar and wind industries generally did not occur where there were significant job
losses in the coal industry, the study says, particularly in West Virginia and Kentucky.
The numbers focus on operations jobs, not construction jobs.
So for the coal sector, the numbers encompass not only mining jobs, but jobs involving transporting coal and jobs
at coal-fired power plants. Metallurgical coal is excluded.
The study did not include manufacturing or construction jobs, for building things like mining equipment, solar
panels or power plants, as, the authors say, those jobs can often be outsourced, or for building power plants, can
be temporary.
For the coal and natural gas industries, the authors used economic and energy production data to extrapolate job
changes. Job numbers for wind and solar come from industry reports.
They then combined the overall jobs numbers with geographical data on where gas and coal are extracted, where
new power generation has opened and where power plants have closed to get a county-by-county analysis.
The hardest hit areas, the study finds, were in southern West Virginia and eastern Kentucky as well as one county
in Wyomings Powder River Basin. It did find moderate increases in coal jobs in Illinois, Missouri and Arkansas.The
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study will appear in the July issue of Energy Policy a peer-reviewed journal, and was conducted with no external or
industry funding.
The authors, Drew Haerer and Lincoln Pratson, cited three reasons for the rapid increase in natural gas, wind and
solar jobs while coal jobs plunged.
One was cost. Coal prices rose through 2014, they write, due to higher costs associated with more difficult to mine
coal. At the same time, fracking and horizontal drilling technology caused natural gas prices to fall.
Second, tighter federal regulations on pollutants from power plants have disproportionately hurt coal, which is
much more polluting.
And lastly, government incentives plus new private financing methods have made wind and solar power more
affordable. States that have a renewable energy goal or standard, which West Virginia just repealed, generally saw
better energy job growth, the study found. West Virginia, which gets 95 percent of its electricity from coal, has just
five operational wind farms (just one in the southern part of the state) and virtually no solar power generating
capacity.
Its not very promising, unfortunately, at least in the near term, Pratson, a professor of earth science, said of
energy jobs in West Virginia. I am always impressed at how rapidly the energy industry changes so Im hesitant to
say what this bodes for even the near future for West Virginia, but if you just look at the situation as it stands now
it doesnt look like the coal industry is going to undergo a rapid period of growth anytime soon.
The largest job gains came in solar facilities in the Southwest; natural gas production in North Dakota,
Pennsylvania and west Texas and wind power across the Midwest.
As for the coalfields of central Appalachia, the authors are not predicting a renaissance.
When, if ever, the job numbers will approach 2008 levels again, however, is unclear, they write. In the interim,
counties that continue to rely inordinately on the coal industry for jobs may be in for a long period of lowered
employment by the industry.
Reach David Gutman
at [email protected], 304-348-5119 or follow
@davidlgutman on Twitter.
Credit: David Gutman Staff writer
DETAILS
Publication title: The Charleston Gazette; Charleston, W.V.
First page: A.1
Publication year: 2015
Publication date: Apr 13, 2015
Publisher: Charleston Newspapers
Place of publication: Charleston, W.V.
Country of publication: United States
Publication subject: General Interest Periodicals--United States
Source type: Newspapers
Copyright 2017 ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved.
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Language of publication: English
Document type: News
ProQuest document ID: 1672918801
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Copyright: Copyright Charleston Newspapers Apr 13, 2015
Last updated: 2015-04-14
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Coal job losses offset elsewhere
1
2
This work was prepared as an account of work sponsored
by an agency of the United States Government with the
assistance of BW Research Partnership and is based on
primary data collected on behalf of the United States
Department of Energy (OMB Control No. 1910-5179) and
secondary data from the United States Department of
Labor’s Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages for
Q1 of 2016. Neither the United States Government nor any
agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of
their contractors, subcontractors or their employees makes
any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal
liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or
any third party’s use or the results of such use of any
information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or
represents that its use would not infringe privately owned
rights. Reference therein to any specific commercial
product, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute
or imply an endorsement on the part of the United States
Government, the U.S. Department of Energy or any other
referenced Federal agency.
For inquiries regarding this report, please contact:
3
Table of Contents
Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................................... 3
Table of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ 5
Preface .......................................................................................................................................................... 7
Findings ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
Methodology ........................................................................................................................................... 10
Energy-Related Employment Within Existing Industries, by NAICS Codes ............................................. 15
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 20
Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 21
Electric Power Generation and Fuels Employment by Industry ........................................................... 24
Agriculture and Forestry .................................................................................................................... 24
Mining, Extraction, and Utility Generation ....................................................................................... 25
Construction ....................................................................................................................................... 26
Manufacturing .................................................................................................................................... 26
Wholesale Trade ................................................................................................................................. 27
Professional and Business Services ................................................................................................... 27
Electric Power Generation and Fuels Employment by Technology ...................................................... 28
Electric Power Generation ................................................................................................................. 28
Fuels .................................................................................................................................................... 30
Generation and Fuels – Workforce Characteristics ............................................................................... 31
Solar Electric Generation.................................................................................................................... 37
Wind Electric Generation ................................................................................................................... 39
Coal Electric Generation and Fuels .................................................................................................... 40
Oil Electric Generation and Petroleum Fuels .................................................................................... 41
Natural Gas Electric Generation and Fuels ........................................................................................ 42
Combined Heat and Power Electric Generation................................................................................ 43
Hydroelectric Generation ................................................................................................................... 44
Nuclear Electric Generation and Fuels............................................................................................... 45
Bioenergy/Biomass Electric Generation and Biofuels ...................................................................... 46
Corn Ethanol Fuels .............................................................................................................................. 47
Other Ethanol and Non-Woody Biomass Fuels, including Biodiesel ................................................ 47
Woody Biomass Fuel for Energy and Cellulosic Biofuels .................................................................. 47
4
Other Biofuels ..................................................................................................................................... 48
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 49
Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 49
Transmission, Distribution, and Storage Employment by Industry ...................................................... 50
Utilities ................................................................................................................................................ 51
Construction ....................................................................................................................................... 51
Manufacturing .................................................................................................................................... 52
Wholesale Trade ................................................................................................................................. 53
Professional and Business Services ................................................................................................... 54
Transmission, Distribution, and Storage Employment by Sub-technology .......................................... 55
Transmission, Distribution, and Storage – Workforce Characteristics ................................................. 56
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 60
Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 61
Energy Efficiency Employment by Industry ........................................................................................... 63
Construction ....................................................................................................................................... 63
Manufacturing .................................................................................................................................... 63
Wholesale Trade ................................................................................................................................. 64
Professional and Business Services ................................................................................................... 64
Energy Efficiency Employment by Technology ...................................................................................... 65
Energy Efficiency – Workforce Characteristics ...................................................................................... 67
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 70
Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 71
Alternative Fuel Vehicles ....................................................................................................................... 73
Manufacturing ........................................................................................................................................ 75
Motor Vehicle Parts and Fuel Economy ................................................................................................ 75
Motor Vehicles – Workforce Characteristics ......................................................................................... 77
Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................. 80
Appendix A: Survey and Analysis Methods ............................................................................................... 81
Appendix B: Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector, 2014 (Quadrillion Btu) ..................... 83
Appendix C: ENERGY STAR® Unit Shipment and Market Penetration Report Calendar Year 2015
Summary ..................................................................................................................................................... 84
5
Table of Figures
Figure 1. Change in Net Generation by Energy Source (Thousand MWh), 2006 – Sept 2016 YTD ............ 22
Figure 2. Generation Employment by Industry, Q1 2016 ........................................................................... 23
Figure 3: Expected Employment Growth by Industry (Q4 2016 – Q4 2017) .............................................. 23
Figure 4. Fuels Employment by Industry, Q1 2016 ..................................................................................... 24
Figure 5: Expected Employment Growth by Industry (Q4 2016 – Q4 2017) .............................................. 24
Figure 6. Mining and Extraction Employment, Q1 2016 ............................................................................. 25
Figure 7. Utilities Employment, Q1 2016 .................................................................................................... 26
Figure 8. Construction Employment, Q1 2016 ............................................................................................ 26
Figure 9. Manufacturing Employment, Q1 2016 ........................................................................................ 27
Figure 10. Wholesale Trade, Distribution, and Transport Employment, Q1 2016 ..................................... 27
Figure 11. Professional and Business Services Employment, Q1 2016 ........................................................ 28
Figure 12. Electric Power Generation Employment by Technology, Q2 2015 - Q1 2016 ........................... 30
Figure 13. Fuels Employment by Technology, Q1 2016 .............................................................................. 31
Figure 14: Occupational Distribution - Electric Power Generation, Q4 2016 ............................................. 33
Figure 15: Occupational Distribution - Fuels, Q4 2016 ............................................................................... 33
Figure 16. Hiring Difficulty by Industry – Electric Power Generation, Q4 2016 .......................................... 34
Figure 17. Hiring Difficulty by Industry – Fuels, Q4 2016 ............................................................................ 34
Figure 18: Solar Employment Growth by Industry, 2010-2016 .................................................................. 37
Figure 19. Transmission, Distribution, and Storage Employment by Industry Sectors, Q2 2015 - Q1 2016
.................................................................................................................................................................... 50
Figure 20. Utilities Employment, Q1 2016 .................................................................................................. 51
Figure 21. Construction Employment, Q1 2016 .......................................................................................... 52
Figure 22. Manufacturing Employment, Q1 2016 ...................................................................................... 53
Figure 23. Wholesale Trade, Q1 2016 ......................................................................................................... 53
Figure 24. Retail Trade Employment, Q1 2016 ........................................................................................... 54
Figure 25. Professional and Business Services Employment, Q1 2016 ....................................................... 54
Figure 26. Employment by Transmission, Distribution, and Storage Sub-Technologies (Q1 2016) ........... 55
Figure 27. Transmission, Distribution, and Storage Sub-Technologies, Q2 2015 - Q1 2016 ...................... 56
Figure 28: Expected Employment Growth by Industry (Q4 2016 – Q4 2017) ............................................ 56
Figure 29: Occupational Distribution – Transmission, Distribution, and Transport, Q4 2016 .................... 57
Figure 30. Hiring Difficulty by Industry - Transmission, Distribution, and Transport, Q4 2016 .................. 58
Figure 31: Expected Employment Growth by Industry (Q4 2016 – Q4 2017) ............................................ 61
Figure 32. Energy Efficiency Employment by Industry Sectors, Q1 2016 ................................................... 62
Figure 33. Construction Employment, Q1 2016 .......................................................................................... 63
Figure 34. Manufacturing Employment (Q2 2015) ..................................................................................... 64
Figure 35. Wholesale Trade Employment (Q2 2015) .................................................................................. 64
Figure 36. Professional and Business Services Employment (Q2 2015) ..................................................... 65
Figure 37. Energy Efficiency Employment by Sub Technologies (Q2 2015 – Q1 2016) .............................. 66
Figure 38: Occupational Distribution – Energy Efficiency, Q4 2016 ........................................................... 68
Figure 39. Hiring Difficulty by Industry (Q4 2016) ...................................................................................... 68
Figure 40. Motor Vehicle Employment by Industry Sectors, Q2 2015 – Q1 2016 ...................................... 71
Figure 41: Expected Employment Growth by Industry (Q4 2016 – Q4 2017) ............................................ 72
Figure 42: Motor Vehicles and Component Parts Employment by Sub-technology (Q1 2016) ................. 74
6
Figure 43: Parts Offered by Type of Fuel Used, Component Parts ............................................................. 74
Figure 44: Motor Vehicles and Component Parts Manufacturing Employment by Sub-technology (Q1
2016) ........................................................................................................................................................... 75
Figure 45: Fuel Economy Employment in Component Parts (Q1 2016) ..................................................... 76
Figure 46: Revenue Attributable to Products that Increase Fuel Economy................................................ 76
Figure 47: Revenue Attributable to Products that Increase Fuel Economy by Primary Vehicle Type ........ 77
Figure 48: Occupational Distribution – Motor Vehicles and Component Parts, Q4 2016 .......................... 78
Figure 49: Hiring Difficulty by Industry – Motor Vehicles and Component Parts, Q4 2016 ....................... 78
7
Preface
Among the recommendations in the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) 2015 Quadrennial
Energy Review (QER) was Recommendation 8.6 entitled, Reform Existing Energy Jobs Data
Collection Systems. Specifically, Recommendation 8.6 reads:
DOE should establish an interagency working group—including the Departments of
Labor and Commerce—to reform existing data collection systems and provide
consistent and complete definitions and quantification of energy jobs across all sectors
of the economy.
DOE had identified four major gaps in existing energy employment data. These included: 1)
business activities essential to the operation of traditional energy companies classified by the
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) within the business activities of other
sectors, 2) jobs associated with the production of renewable energy such as wind, solar,
geothermal, etc., 3) jobs associated with energy efficiency, and 4) jobs associated with energy
efficiency in manufacturing processes.
Today, DOE is releasing the second annual United States Energy and Employment Report
(USEER) as an ongoing step toward providing a more complete definition and quantification of
energy employment across the economy. The 2017 USEER presents direct employment data for
the first three of the gaps identified; the fourth will be addressed in a separate report on U.S.
energy and manufacturing employment. Additional work between DOE and other federal
agencies will continue to refine the necessary data collection methodologies.
Finally, the survey supporting the 2017 USEER also includes state-level energy and employment
data. Each state is provided with a short energy and employment profile, giving a high-level
snapshot of the traditional energy sector, energy efficiency, and the motor vehicle industry. For
more details about the data and its accessibility, please contact David Keyser through the DOE
Office of Energy Policy and Systems Analysis.
We want to thank our colleagues at the Bureau of Labor Statistics for their review of the survey
methodology that underlies the USEER as well as our colleagues throughout the DOE.
8
Findings
The 2017 U.S. Energy and Employment Report (USEER) finds that the Traditional Energy and
Energy Efficiency sectors today employ approximately 6.4 million Americans. These sectors
increased in 2016 by just under 5 percent, adding over 300,000 net new jobs, roughly 14\% of all
those created in the country.
The 2017 USEER analyzes four sectors of the U.S. economy. The first two of those sectors
make up the Traditional Energy sector:
• Electric Power Generation and Fuels
• Transmission, Distribution and Storage
• Energy Efficiency
• Motor Vehicles
Electric Power Generation and Fuels technologies directly employ more than 1.9 million
workers. In 2016, 55 percent, or 1.1 million, of these employees worked in traditional coal, oil,
and gas, while almost 800,000 workers were employed in low carbon emission generation
technologies, including renewables, nuclear, and advanced/low emission natural gas. Just under
374,000 individuals work, in whole or in part, for solar firms, with more than 260,000 of those
employees spending the majority of their time on solar. There are an additional 102,000 workers
employed at wind firms across the nation. The solar workforce increased by 25\% in 2016, while
wind employment increased by 32\%.
The 2017 USEER also identifies about 2.3 million jobs in Transmission, Distribution, and
Storage, with approximately 982,000 working in retail trade (gasoline stations and fuel dealers)
and another 830,000 working across utilities and construction. Exclusive of the retail trade
sector, Transmission, Wholesale Trade, Distribution and Storage firms
—our country’s energy infrastructure—added over 65,000 jobs primarily by utility and
construction companies, as they invested in hardening the nation’s energy infrastructure and
building new transmission and distribution lines. Overall, 31.5 percent of respondent employers
working in this sector reported that a majority of their revenues come from grid modernization or
other utility-funded modernization projects.
The 2017 USEER also shows that 2.2 million Americans are employed, in whole or in part, in
the design, installation, and manufacture of Energy Efficiency products and services, adding
9
133,000 jobs in 2016. (Energy Efficiency employment is defined as the production or
installation of energy efficiency products certified by the Environmental Protection Agency’s
ENERGY STAR® program or installed pursuant to the ENERGY STAR® program guidelines
or supporting services thereof). Almost 1.4 million Energy Efficiency jobs are in the construction
industry. In addition, construction firms involved in the Energy Efficiency sector have
experienced an increase in the percentage of their workers who spend at least 50\% of their time
on Energy Efficiency-related work, rising from 64.8 percent in 2015 to 74.0 percent in 2016.
Finally, an improved USEER survey methodology identified almost 290,000 manufacturing jobs,
producing Energy Star® certified products and energy efficient building materials in the United
States.
The Motor Vehicles and Component Parts industry employs just over 2.4 million workers,
exclusive of auto dealerships. Currently, more than 259,000 employees work with alternative
fuels vehicles, including natural gas, hybrids, plug-in hybrids, all electric, and fuel cell/hydrogen
vehicles, an increase of 69,000 jobs in 2016. Hybrids, plug-in hybrids, and all electric vehicles
make up over 76 percent of this number, supporting 198,000 employees. Over 489,000
employees of Motor Vehicles Parts companies are now contributing to more fuel efficient
vehicles. One-sixth (17\%) of all firms involved in Motor Vehicle component parts derive all of
their revenue from products that increase fuel economy for Motor Vehicles. At least 710,000
jobs in the Motor Vehicle sector are focused on increasing fuel economy or transitioning to
alternative fuels.1
Overall, firms covered by the survey anticipate roughly five percent employment growth for
2017. Energy Efficiency employers project the highest growth rate over the next 12 months (nine
percent), followed by Electric Power Generation (seven percent); Transmission, Distribution,
and Storage (six percent), and Motor Vehicles (just over three percent, although manufacturing
will remain flat). The Fuels sector reported an expected decline of about three percent over the
next 12 months.
These energy-related sectors are relatively less diverse compared to the overall national
workforce. Women are a smaller portion of the workforce in these sectors, ranging from 22 to 34
percent, compared to the overall economy, where women make up 47 percent of the workforce.
The percentage of ethnic and racial minorities is slightly lower than the national average for
Hispanic or Latino workers (14 percent versus 16 percent) and Black or African American
workers (eight percent versus 12 percent). Veterans, however, comprise about one in ten
workers, higher than the national average of seven percent. About 22 percent of the workforce is
55 years of age or older; this proportion is significantly higher in Fuels and Motor Vehicles, but
lower in Generation; Transmission, Distribution, and Storage; and Energy Efficiency.
Almost three-quarters of employers across these sectors (73 percent) reported difficulty hiring
qualified workers over the last 12 months; 26 percent noted it was very difficult.
1 This number assumes that the percentage of employment working on component parts to improve fuel economy
is the same for gasoline/diesel and alternative fuel vehicles.
10
Methodology
The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) U.S. Energy and Employment Report (USEER)
provides a quantitative lens with which to evaluate the employment impact of new energy
technologies, shifting fuels deployment, and evolving transmission and distribution systems. It
also presents a unique snapshot of energy efficiency employment in key sectors of the economy,
including construction and manufacturing. Finally, the report illustrates how fuel efficiency as
well as new technologies and materials affect employment in the motor vehicle industry.
The USEER examines four sectors of the economy – “Electric Power Generation and Fuels”,
“Transmission, Distribution, and Storage”, “Energy Efficiency”, and “Motor Vehicles”. The
first two of these sectors, Electric Power Generation and Fuels and Transmission, Distribution,
and Storage make up what are generally considered the “Traditional Energy” sectors. Energy
Efficiency cuts across a range of occupations, especially construction and professional services,
but includes manufacturing as well. The Motor Vehicles industry is included because its products
play a special role in modern society’s use of energy with transportation representing 71 percent
of the country’s daily domestic oil consumption and 28 percent of overall energy usage.2 For this
reason, a complete report on energy and employment should describe how the motor vehicle
industry is changing by vehicle fuel type and efficiency. As noted in the 2016 USEER Preface,
we have expanded our survey of the motor vehicles industry to provide a deeper look at its parts’
industry and more fully understand the role of fuel efficiency throughout the supply chain.
Current Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW)
labor market data tracks employment across many energy production, transmission, and
distribution subsectors. These include utility generation; oil, gas and coal extraction; electrical
generation manufacturing; and transmission, for instance. However, the industry classification
structure used in data collection assigns a portion of the nation’s energy and energy efficiency
work to broad categories of non-energy specific industry classifications, including construction,
wholesale trade, and professional services. Within these classifications, certain subsectors
contain both energy and non-energy related jobs. Analyzing these industry subsectors is
particularly important in understanding employment trends in emerging technologies such as
wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, and hydrogen and fuel cells, as well as new energy
infrastructure, including storage and smart grid.3 These subsector analyses also provide insight
into the distribution of the Energy Efficiency workforce as well as the role of new technologies
in a rapidly evolving Motor Vehicle industry.
2 U.S. Energy Information Administration, November 2016 Monthly Energy Review. This figure does not include
manufacture, sale, or repair of fuel efficient vehicles (only component parts), a significant exclusion given that a
recent study found that 58\% of cars manufactured in the U.S. meet current CAFE standards and 52\% achieved at
least 23 miles per gallon (Consumer Federation of America, Automakers Are on the Road to Meeting Fuel Efficiency
Standards)
3 The report does not detail employment related to power generation from hydrogen and fuel cells. Fuel cell
manufacturing and employment have experienced a high rate of growth in the production of fuel cells for
stationary, combined heat and power, and backup applications. These new areas of employment growth may be
addressed in future reports.
11
In order to better enhance QCEW data, BLS conducts two supplemental surveys. The first is the
Multiple Worksite Report (MWR), which is collected each quarter to disaggregate the
employment and wages of numerous establishments owned by a single employer into their
individual worksite locations. This survey allows the employment and wages for each worksite
location to be placed in their correct industrial and geographical category, thereby improving the
accuracy of QCEW data. Thus, with the MWR, new business births and deaths, and their
associated employment are identified each quarter in a timely manner. This rapid identification
of births and deaths improves the QCEW. The second survey is the Annual Refiling Survey
(ARS), which is conducted each year to update the classification codes (industrial, geographical,
and ownership) currently assigned to the establishments on the QCEW which ensures the
accuracy of detailed industry and geographic (such as county level) data.
In a time of …
Alabama Energy and Employment
Overview
Alabama has an average concentration of energy employment, with 49,320 Traditional Energy workers
statewide. 10,838 of these workers are in the Fuels sector, 29,438 work in Transmission, Wholesale
Distribution, and Storage, and 9,045 workers are employed in Electric Power Generation. 1.5\% of the
Traditional Energy jobs across the U.S. are located in Alabama. The traditional energy sector in Alabama
is 2.6\% of total state employment (compared to 2.4\% of national employment).
Alabama has an additional 30,203 jobs in Energy Efficiency (1.4\% of all energy efficiency jobs
nationwide) and 63,174 in motor vehicles (2.6\% of all motor vehicle jobs nationwide).
Figure 1. Employment by Major Technology
Technology Breakdown
Electric Power Generation
The Electric Power Generation segment employs 9,045 workers in Alabama, 1.1\% of the national total.
Traditional fossil fuel generation makes up the largest segment with 3,390 jobs, followed by wind at
1,077 jobs.
9,045
10,838
29,438 30,203
63,174
Electric Power
Generation
Fuels Transmission,
Distribution,
and Storage
Energy
Efficiency
Motor Vehicles
Figure 2. Electric Power Generation Employment by Sub Technology
Utilities are responsible for most of the employment in Electric Power Generation, with 84.3\% of jobs.
Professional and business services employment represents 7.2\% of the total.
Figure 3. Electric Power Generation Employment by Industry Sectors
Fuels
Fuels account for 10,838 jobs in Alabama, 1.0\% of the national total. Petroleum and other fossil fuels
represent the largest segment of fuel-related employment, with 3,398 jobs.
Figure 4. Fuel Employment by Sub Technology
760
1,077
350
1,657
1,529
204
3,468
Solar Electric
Generation
Wind Electric
Generation
Traditional
Hydroelectric
Generation
Natural Gas
Generation
Coal
Generation
Oil & Other
Fossil Fuel
Generation
Other
Generation
84.3\%
1.3\%
3.6\%
3.5\%
7.2\% 0.1\%
Utilities
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
Other Services
Mining and extraction jobs represent 30.6\% of fuel jobs in Alabama.
Figure 5. Fuel Employment by Industry Sectors
Transmission, Distribution, and Storage
Transmission, distribution, and storage employment in Alabama represents 2.2\% of the national total in
the segment.
Figure 6. Transmission, Distribution, and Storage Employment by Sub Technology
2,540
3,398
912
54 8
1,047
2,880
Coal Oil & Other
Petroleum
Natural Gas Corn Ethanol Other Ethanol
/ Non-woody
Biomass
Woody
Biomass
Other Fuels
9.3\%
30.6\%
0.0\%
26.3\%
10.0\%
22.5\%
1.3\%
Agriculture and Forestry
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
Other Services
Utilities employ the largest percentage of Transmission, Distribution, and Storage jobs in Alabama, with
40.8\% of jobs statewide.
Figure 7. Transmission, Distribution, and Storage Employment by Industry Sectors
Energy Efficiency
The 30,203 energy efficiency jobs in Alabama represents 1.4\% of all energy efficiency jobs nationally.
The largest number of these employees work in advanced materials and insulation firms, followed by
traditional HVAC. Energy Efficiency employment is found in the construction industry.
Figure 8. Energy Efficiency Employment by Sub Technology
15,972
1,059
272
12,135
Traditional Transmission
and Distribution
Storage Smart Grid Micro Grid & Other
40.8\%
39.9\%
4.5\%
13.4\%
1.4\%
Utilities
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
Other Services
Figure 9. Energy Efficiency Employment by Industry Sectors
Motor Vehicles
Motor vehicle employment accounts for 63,174 jobs in Alabama, with the most jobs found in
manufacturing.
Figure 10. Motor Vehicle Employment by Industry Sectors
817
5,205
2,638
18,937
2,607
Energy Star &
Efficient Lighting
Traditional HVAC High Efficiency &
Renewable Heating
& Cooling
Advanced Materials
and Insulation
Other
62.1\%
25.3\%
3.8\%
8.8\%
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
67.5\%
8.9\%
0.8\%
18.7\%
4.1\%
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
Repair and
Maintenance
Commodity Flows
Workforce Characteristics
Hiring Difficulty
Figure 13. Hiring Difficulty by Major Technology
Technology
Very
difficult
Somewhat
difficult
Not at all
difficult
DK/NA
Electric Power Generation NA NA NA NA
Electric Power Transmission, Distribution, and
Storage
NA NA NA NA
Energy Efficiency 45.5\% 45.5\% 9.1\% 0.0\%
Fuels 14.3\% 71.4\% 0.0\% 14.3\%
Transportation, including Motor Vehicles NA NA NA NA
Component Parts for Transportation Vehicles NA NA NA NA
Alaska Energy and Employment
Overview
Alaska has a high concentration of energy employment, with 21,027 Traditional Energy workers
statewide. 13,504 of these workers are in the Fuels sector, 6,199 work in Transmission, Wholesale
Distribution, and Storage, and 1,324 workers are employed in Electric Power Generation. 0.6\% of the
Traditional Energy jobs across the U.S. are located in Alaska. The traditional energy sector in Alaska is
6.6\% of total state employment (compared to 2.4\% of national employment).
Alaska has an additional 4,421 jobs in Energy Efficiency (0.2\% of all energy efficiency jobs nationwide)
and 3,460 in motor vehicles (.1\% of all motor vehicle jobs nationwide).
Figure 1. Employment by Major Technology
Technology Breakdown
Electric Power Generation
The Electric Power Generation segment employs 1,324 workers in Alaska, 0.2\% of the national total.
Traditional fossil fuel generation makes up the largest segment with 532 jobs, followed by traditional
hydroelectric generation at 469 jobs.
1,324
13,504
6,199
4,421
3,460
Electric Power
Generation
Fuels Transmission,
Distribution,
and Storage
Energy
Efficiency
Motor Vehicles
Figure 2. Electric Power Generation Employment by Sub Technology
Utilities are responsible for most of the employment in Electric Power Generation, with 43.7\% of jobs.
Construction employment represents 26.8\% of the total.
Figure 3. Electric Power Generation Employment by Industry Sectors
Fuels
Fuels account for 13,504 jobs in Alaska, 1.2\% of the national total. Petroleum and other fossil fuels
represent the largest segment of fuel-related employment, with 7,395 jobs.
Figure 4. Fuel Employment by Sub Technology
98
37
469
293
88
151
188
Solar Electric
Generation
Wind Electric
Generation
Traditional
Hydroelectric
Generation
Natural Gas
Generation
Coal
Generation
Oil & Other
Fossil Fuel
Generation
Other
Generation
43.7\%
26.8\%
4.5\%
10.5\%
13.1\%
1.4\%
Utilities
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
Other Services
Mining and extraction jobs represent 91.2\% of fuel jobs in Alaska.
Figure 5. Fuel Employment by Industry Sectors
Transmission, Distribution, and Storage
Transmission, distribution, and storage employment in Alaska represents 0.5\% of the national total in
the segment.
Figure 6. Transmission, Distribution, and Storage Employment by Sub Technology
134
7,395
5,874
- - 45 55
Coal Oil & Other
Petroleum
Natural Gas Corn Ethanol Other Ethanol
/ Non-woody
Biomass
Woody
Biomass
Other Fuels
91.2\%
3.5\% 2.0\%
Agriculture and Forestry
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
Other Services
Construction employs the largest percentage of Transmission, Distribution, and Storage jobs in Alaska,
with 50.6\% of jobs statewide.
Figure 7. Transmission, Distribution, and Storage Employment by Industry Sectors
Energy Efficiency
The 4,421 energy efficiency jobs in Alaska represents 0.2\% of all energy efficiency jobs nationally. The
largest number of these employees work in high efficiency HVAC and renewable heating and cooling
firms, followed by advanced materials and insulation. Energy Efficiency employment is found in the
construction industry.
Figure 8. Energy Efficiency Employment by Sub Technology
4,250
267
25
1,657
Traditional Transmission
and Distribution
Storage Smart Grid Micro Grid & Other
16.5\%
50.6\%
0.4\%
28.9\%
3.5\%
Utilities
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
Other Services
Figure 9. Energy Efficiency Employment by Industry Sectors
Motor Vehicles
Motor vehicle employment accounts for 3,460 jobs in Alaska, with the most jobs found in repair and
maintenance.
Figure 10. Motor Vehicle Employment by Industry Sectors
374
574
1,843
1,496
134
Energy Star &
Efficient Lighting
Traditional HVAC High Efficiency &
Renewable Heating
& Cooling
Advanced Materials
and Insulation
Other
80.5\%
1.3\%
7.3\%
10.9\%
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
Workforce Characteristics
Hiring Difficulty
Figure 13. Hiring Difficulty by Major Technology
Technology
Very
difficult
Somewhat
difficult
Not at all
difficult
DK/NA
Electric Power Generation 12.5\% 50.0\% 37.5\% 0.0\%
Electric Power Transmission, Distribution, and
Storage
NA NA NA NA
Energy Efficiency 33.3\% 33.3\% 33.3\% 0.0\%
Fuels 0.0\% 60.0\% 40.0\% 0.0\%
Transportation, including Motor Vehicles NA NA NA NA
Component Parts for Transportation Vehicles NA NA NA NA
2.2\%
28.0\%
17.8\%
50.8\%
1.3\%
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
Repair and Maintenance
Commodity Flows
Arizona Energy and Employment
Overview
Arizona has a low concentration of energy employment, with 42,761 Traditional Energy workers
statewide. 1,081 of these workers are in the Fuels sector, 20,417 work in Transmission, Wholesale
Distribution, and Storage, and 21,263 workers are employed in Electric Power Generation. 1.3\% of the
Traditional Energy jobs across the U.S. are located in Arizona. The traditional energy sector in Arizona is
1.6\% of total state employment (compared to 2.4\% of national employment).
Arizona has an additional 40,663 jobs in Energy Efficiency (1.9\% of all energy efficiency jobs nationwide)
and 29,293 in motor vehicles (1.2\% of all motor vehicle jobs nationwide).
Figure 1. Employment by Major Technology
Technology Breakdown
Electric Power Generation
The Electric Power Generation segment employs 21,263 workers in Arizona, 2.5\% of the national total.
Traditional fossil fuel generation makes up the largest segment with 9,863 jobs, followed by solar at
9,774 jobs.
21,263
1,081
20,417
40,663
29,293
Electric Power
Generation
Fuels Transmission,
Distribution,
and Storage
Energy
Efficiency
Motor Vehicles
Figure 2. Electric Power Generation Employment by Sub Technology
Utilities are responsible for most of the employment in Electric Power Generation, with 33.5\% of jobs.
Construction employment represents 26. \% of the total.
Figure 3. Electric Power Generation Employment by Industry Sectors
Fuels
Fuels account for 1,081 jobs in Arizona, 0.1\% of the national total. Coal represent the largest segment of
fuel-related employment, with 433 jobs.
Figure 4. Fuel Employment by Sub Technology
9,774
694
151
3,649
6,060
154
781
Solar Electric
Generation
Wind Electric
Generation
Traditional
Hydroelectric
Generation
Natural Gas
Generation
Coal
Generation
Oil & Other
Fossil Fuel
Generation
Other
Generation
33.5\%
26.0\%
11.2\%
10.3\%
18.2\%
0.8\%
Utilities
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
Other Services
Professional and business services jobs represent 59.7\% of fuel jobs in Arizona.
Figure 5. Fuel Employment by Industry Sectors
Transmission, Distribution, and Storage
Transmission, distribution, and storage employment in Arizona represents 1.6\% of the national total in
the segment.
Figure 6. Transmission, Distribution, and Storage Employment by Sub Technology
433
303
174
52
-
64 56
Coal Oil & Other
Petroleum
Natural Gas Corn Ethanol Other Ethanol
/ Non-woody
Biomass
Woody
Biomass
Other Fuels
13.0\%
5.5\%
59.7\%
Agriculture and Forestry
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
Other Services
Construction employs the largest percentage of Transmission, Distribution, and Storage jobs in Arizona,
with 41. \% of jobs statewide.
Figure 7. Transmission, Distribution, and Storage Employment by Industry Sectors
Energy Efficiency
The 40,663 energy efficiency jobs in Arizona represents 1.9\% of all energy efficiency jobs nationally. The
largest number of these employees work in high efficiency HVAC and renewable heating and cooling
firms, followed by traditional HVAC. Energy Efficiency employment is found in the construction industry.
Figure 8. Energy Efficiency Employment by Sub Technology
12,919
1,845
165
5,489
Traditional Transmission
and Distribution
Storage Smart Grid Micro Grid & Other
35.1\%
41.0\%
1.7\%
14.7\%
7.5\% 0.0\%
Utilities
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
Other Services
Figure 9. Energy Efficiency Employment by Industry Sectors
Motor Vehicles
Motor vehicle employment accounts for 29,293 jobs in Arizona, with the most jobs found in repair and
maintenance.
Figure 10. Motor Vehicle Employment by Industry Sectors
6,515
9,188
11,868
7,751
5,342
Energy Star &
Efficient Lighting
Traditional HVAC High Efficiency &
Renewable Heating
& Cooling
Advanced Materials
and Insulation
Other
76.5\%
3.1\%
1.0\%
19.4\%
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
Workforce Characteristics
Hiring Difficulty
Figure 13. Hiring Difficulty by Major Technology
Technology
Very
difficult
Somewhat
difficult
Not at all
difficult
DK/NA
Electric Power Generation 22.2\% 50.0\% 25.9\% 1.9\%
Electric Power Transmission, Distribution, and
Storage
NA NA NA NA
Energy Efficiency 39.4\% 42.4\% 15.2\% 3.0\%
Fuels NA NA NA NA
Transportation, including Motor Vehicles NA NA NA NA
Component Parts for Transportation Vehicles NA NA NA NA
9.4\%
20.1\%
3.0\%
64.3\%
3.1\%
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
Repair and Maintenance
Commodity Flows
Arkansas Energy and Employment
Overview
Arkansas has an average concentration of energy employment, with 25,964 Traditional Energy workers
statewide. 7,799 of these workers are in the Fuels sector, 15,009 work in Transmission, Wholesale
Distribution, and Storage, and 3,156 workers are employed in Electric Power Generation. 0.8\% of the
Traditional Energy jobs across the U.S. are located in Arkansas. The traditional energy sector in Arkansas
is 2.2\% of total state employment (compared to 2.4\% of national employment).
Arkansas has an additional 14,833 jobs in Energy Efficiency (0.7\% of all energy efficiency jobs
nationwide) and 19,840 in motor vehicles (0.8\% of all motor vehicle jobs nationwide).
Figure 1. Employment by Major Technology
Technology Breakdown
Electric Power Generation
The Electric Power Generation segment employs 3,156 workers in Arkansas, 0.4\% of the national total.
Wind makes up the largest segment with 825 jobs, followed by traditional fossil fuel generation at 640
jobs.
3,156
7,799
15,009 14,833
19,840
Electric Power
Generation
Fuels Transmission,
Distribution,
and Storage
Energy
Efficiency
Motor Vehicles
Figure 2. Electric Power Generation Employment by Sub Technology
Utilities are responsible for most of the employment in Electric Power Generation, with 36.9\% of jobs.
Wholesale trade employment represents 21.8\% of the total.
Figure 3. Electric Power Generation Employment by Industry Sectors
Fuels
Fuels account for 7,799 jobs in Arkansas, 0.7\% of the national total. Petroleum and other fossil fuels
represent the largest segment of fuel-related employment, with 3,936 jobs.
Figure 4. Fuel Employment by Sub Technology
339
825
33
329 311
0
1,320
Solar Electric
Generation
Wind Electric
Generation
Traditional
Hydroelectric
Generation
Natural Gas
Generation
Coal
Generation
Oil & Other
Fossil Fuel
Generation
Other
Generation
36.9\%
16.0\%
20.4\%
21.8\%
2.6\%2.2\%
Utilities
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
Other Services
Mining and extraction jobs represent 27.5\% of fuel jobs in Arkansas.
Figure 5. Fuel Employment by Industry Sectors
Transmission, Distribution, and Storage
Transmission, distribution, and storage employment in Arkansas represents 1.1\% of the national total in
the segment.
Figure 6. Transmission, Distribution, and Storage Employment by Sub Technology
115
3,936
1,723
349
509
651
517
Coal Oil & Other
Petroleum
Natural Gas Corn Ethanol Other Ethanol
/ Non-woody
Biomass
Woody
Biomass
Other Fuels
27.5\%
13.8\%
23.6\%
Agriculture and Forestry
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
Other Services
Utilities employ the largest percentage of Transmission, Distribution, and Storage jobs in Arkansas, with
47.6\% of jobs statewide.
Figure 7. Transmission, Distribution, and Storage Employment by Industry Sectors
Energy Efficiency
The 14,833 energy efficiency jobs in Arkansas represents 0.7\% of all energy efficiency jobs nationally.
The largest number of these employees work in traditional HVAC firms, followed by high efficiency HVAC
and renewable heating and cooling. Energy Efficiency employment is found in the construction industry.
Figure 8. Energy Efficiency Employment by Sub Technology
11,159
399 109
3,342
Traditional Transmission
and Distribution
Storage Smart Grid Micro Grid & Other
47.6\%
31.1\%
6.8\%
14.2\%
0.3\%
Utilities
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
Other Services
Figure 9. Energy Efficiency Employment by Industry Sectors
Motor Vehicles
Motor vehicle employment accounts for 19,840 jobs in Arkansas, with the most jobs found in
manufacturing.
Figure 10. Motor Vehicle Employment by Industry Sectors
1,695
2,635 2,522
620
7,362
Energy Star &
Efficient Lighting
Traditional HVAC High Efficiency &
Renewable Heating
& Cooling
Advanced Materials
and Insulation
Other
73.7\%
12.3\%
5.2\%
8.8\%
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
Workforce Characteristics
Hiring Difficulty
Figure 13. Hiring Difficulty by Major Technology
Technology
Very
difficult
Somewhat
difficult
Not at all
difficult
DK/NA
Electric Power Generation NA NA NA NA
Electric Power Transmission, Distribution, and
Storage
NA NA NA NA
Energy Efficiency 38.5\% 38.5\% 23.1\% 0.0\%
Fuels 0.0\% 22.2\% 66.7\% 11.1\%
Transportation, including Motor Vehicles NA NA NA NA
Component Parts for Transportation Vehicles NA NA NA NA
34.7\%
17.5\%
3.1\%
32.4\%
12.3\%
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
Repair and Maintenance
Commodity Flows
California Energy and Employment
Overview
California has an average concentration of energy employment, with 427,614 Traditional Energy workers
statewide. 68,984 of these workers are in the Fuels sector, 155,360 work in Transmission, Wholesale
Distribution, and Storage, and 203,269 workers are employed in Electric Power Generation. 13.1\% of the
Traditional Energy jobs across the U.S. are located in California. The traditional energy sector in
California is 2.6\% of total state employment (compared to 2.4\% of national employment).
California has an additional 301,348 jobs in Energy Efficiency (13.8\% of all energy efficiency jobs
nationwide) and 198,121 in motor vehicles (8.1\% of all motor vehicle jobs nationwide).
Figure 1. Employment by Major Technology
Technology Breakdown
Electric Power Generation
The Electric Power Generation segment employs 203,269 workers in California, 23.6\% of the national
total. Solar makes up the largest segment with 152,947 jobs, followed by traditional fossil fuel
generation at 18,520 jobs.
203,269
68,984
155,360
301,348
198,121
Electric Power
Generation
Fuels Transmission,
Distribution,
and Storage
Energy
Efficiency
Motor Vehicles
Figure 2. Electric Power Generation Employment by Sub Technology
Construction are responsible for most of the employment in Electric Power Generation, with 30.4\% of
jobs. Manufacturing employment represents 22.6\% of the total.
Figure 3. Electric Power Generation Employment by Industry Sectors
Fuels
Fuels account for 68,984 jobs in California, 6.4\% of the national total. Petroleum and other fossil fuels
represent the largest segment of fuel-related employment, with 48,566 jobs.
Figure 4. Fuel Employment by Sub Technology
152,947
4,635
11,890 16,960
864 696
15,277
Solar Electric
Generation
Wind Electric
Generation
Traditional
Hydroelectric
Generation
Natural Gas
Generation
Coal
Generation
Oil & Other
Fossil Fuel
Generation
Other
Generation
9.7\%
30.4\%
22.6\%
20.8\%
15.0\%
1.5\%
Utilities
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
Other Services
Professional and business services jobs represent 32.4\% of fuel jobs in California.
Figure 5. Fuel Employment by Industry Sectors
Transmission, Distribution, and Storage
Transmission, distribution, and storage employment in California represents 11.8\% of the national total
in the segment.
Figure 6. Transmission, Distribution, and Storage Employment by Sub Technology
1,323
48,566
10,687
246 990
2,629
4,542
Coal Oil & Other
Petroleum
Natural Gas Corn Ethanol Other Ethanol
/ Non-woody
Biomass
Woody
Biomass
Other Fuels
23.4\%
22.6\%
32.4\%
Agriculture and Forestry
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
Other Services
Construction employs the largest percentage of Transmission, Distribution, and Storage jobs in
California, with 43.6\% of jobs statewide.
Figure 7. Transmission, Distribution, and Storage Employment by Industry Sectors
Energy Efficiency
The 301,348 energy efficiency jobs in California represents 13.8\% of all energy efficiency jobs nationally.
The largest number of these employees work in traditional HVAC firms, followed by ENERGY STAR and
efficient lighting. Energy Efficiency employment is found in the construction industry.
Figure 8. Energy Efficiency Employment by Sub Technology
99,965
25,203
1,908
28,285
Traditional Transmission
and Distribution
Storage Smart Grid Micro Grid & Other
23.7\%
43.6\%
7.6\%
13.2\%
11.5\%
0.3\%
Utilities
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
Other Services
Figure 9. Energy Efficiency Employment by Industry Sectors
Motor Vehicles
Motor vehicle employment accounts for 198,121 jobs in California, with the most jobs found in repair
and maintenance.
Figure 10. Motor Vehicle Employment by Industry Sectors
65,442
116,446
58,313
18,473
42,674
Energy Star &
Efficient Lighting
Traditional HVAC High Efficiency &
Renewable Heating
& Cooling
Advanced Materials
and Insulation
Other
58.5\%
11.0\%
8.1\%
22.4\%
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
Figure 11: Parts Offered by Vehicle Fuel Type
Figure 12: Revenue Attributable to Part for Fuel Economy
14.5\%
23.0\%
2.8\%
58.4\%
1.4\%
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
Repair and Maintenance
Commodity Flows
12.5\%
4.2\%
0.0\%
11.1\%
25.0\%
19.4\%
29.2\%
81.9\%
Other
Fuel Cell Vehicles
Hydrogen Vehicles
Natural Gas Vehicles
Electric Vehicles
Plug-In Hyrid Vehicles
Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Gasoline and Diesel Motor Vehicles
11.4\%
11.4\%
14.3\%
31.4\%
31.4\%
All of it (100\%)
Half to most of it (50\% to
99\%)
A quarter to almost half
of it (25\% to 49\%)
Less than a quarter (1\%
to 24\%)
DK/NA
Workforce Characteristics
Hiring Difficulty
Figure 13. Hiring Difficulty by Major Technology
Technology
Very
difficult
Somewhat
difficult
Not at all
difficult
DK/NA
Electric Power Generation 18.7\% 57.9\% 20.8\% 2.7\%
Electric Power Transmission, Distribution, and
Storage
14.0\% 58.0\% 24.0\% 4.0\%
Energy Efficiency 29.4\% 49.2\% 19.8\% 1.5\%
Fuels 22.7\% 31.8\% 45.5\% 0.0\%
Transportation, including Motor Vehicles 27.3\% 40.9\% 31.8\% 0.0\%
Component Parts for Transportation Vehicles 33.3\% 42.9\% 19.0\% 4.8\%
Colorado Energy and Employment
Overview
Colorado has a high concentration of energy employment, with 90,113 Traditional Energy workers
statewide. 36,765 of these workers are in the Fuels sector, 28,252 work in Transmission, Wholesale
Distribution, and Storage, and 25,096 workers are employed in Electric Power Generation. 2.8\% of the
Traditional Energy jobs across the U.S. are located in Colorado. The traditional energy sector in Colorado
is 3.6\% of total state employment (compared to 2.4\% of national employment).
Colorado has an additional 29,756 jobs in Energy Efficiency (1.4\% of all energy efficiency jobs
nationwide) and 30,221 in motor vehicles (1.2\% of all motor vehicle jobs nationwide).
Figure 1. Employment by Major Technology
Technology Breakdown
Electric Power Generation
The Electric Power Generation segment employs 25,096 workers in Colorado, 2.9\% of the national total.
Solar makes up the largest segment with 8,027 jobs, followed by wind at 7,124 jobs.
Figure 2. Electric Power Generation Employment by Sub Technology
25,096
36,765
28,252
29,756 30,221
Electric Power
Generation
Fuels Transmission,
Distribution,
and Storage
Energy
Efficiency
Motor Vehicles
Professional and business services are responsible for most of the employment in Electric Power
Generation, with 57.8\% of jobs. Construction employment represents 17.7\% of the total.
Figure 3. Electric Power Generation Employment by Industry Sectors
Fuels
Fuels account for 36,765 jobs in Colorado, 3.4\% of the national total. Petroleum and other fossil fuels
represent the largest segment of fuel-related employment, with 13,731 jobs.
Figure 4. Fuel Employment by Sub Technology
8,027
7,124
1,014
486
3,812
316
4,316
Solar Electric
Generation
Wind Electric
Generation
Traditional
Hydroelectric
Generation
Natural Gas
Generation
Coal
Generation
Oil & Other
Fossil Fuel
Generation
Other
Generation
3.4\%
17.7\%
6.6\%
13.5\%
57.8\%
1.1\%
Utilities
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
Other Services
Mining and extraction jobs represent 74\% of fuel jobs in Colorado.
Figure 5. Fuel Employment by Industry Sectors
Transmission, Distribution, and Storage
Transmission, distribution, and storage employment in Colorado represents 2.1\% of the national total in
the segment.
Figure 6. Transmission, Distribution, and Storage Employment by Sub Technology
2,270
13,731
9,845
450
2,249
3,941 4,278
Coal Oil & Other
Petroleum
Natural Gas Corn Ethanol Other Ethanol
/ Non-woody
Biomass
Woody
Biomass
Other Fuels
74.0\%
1.9\%
17.6\%
Agriculture and Forestry
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
Other Services
Construction employs the largest percentage of Transmission, Distribution, and Storage jobs in
Colorado, with 36.7\% of jobs statewide.
Figure 7. Transmission, Distribution, and Storage Employment by Industry Sectors
Energy Efficiency
The 29,756 energy efficiency jobs in Colorado represents 1.4\% of all energy efficiency jobs nationally.
The largest number of these employees work in ENERGY STAR and efficient lighting firms, followed by
traditional HVAC. Energy Efficiency employment is found in the construction industry.
Figure 8. Energy Efficiency Employment by Sub Technology
18,538
2,332
327
7,055
Traditional Transmission
and Distribution
Storage Smart Grid Micro Grid & Other
17.3\%
36.7\%
14.3\%
30.8\%
Utilities
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
Other Services
Figure 9. Energy Efficiency Employment by Industry Sectors
Motor Vehicles
Motor vehicle employment accounts for 30,221 jobs in Colorado, with the most jobs found in repair and
maintenance.
Figure 10. Motor Vehicle Employment by Industry Sectors
9,394
8,477
5,186 5,489
1,210
Energy Star &
Efficient Lighting
Traditional HVAC High Efficiency &
Renewable Heating
& Cooling
Advanced Materials
and Insulation
Other
55.8\%
41.7\%
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
6.7\%
25.7\%
3.8\%
63.2\%
0.7\%
Manufacturing
Trade
Professional Services
Repair and Maintenance
Commodity Flows
Figure 11: Parts Offered by Vehicle Fuel Type
Figure 12: Revenue Attributable to Part for Fuel Economy
Workforce Characteristics
Hiring Difficulty
Figure 13. Hiring Difficulty by Major Technology
Technology
Very
difficult
Somewhat
difficult
Not at all
difficult
DK/NA
Electric Power Generation 14.1\% 69.0\% 14.1\% 2.8\%
Electric Power Transmission, Distribution, and
Storage
44.4\% 22.2\% 33.3\% 0.0\%
Energy Efficiency 56.0\% 32.0\% 12.0\% 0.0\%
Fuels 20.0\% 55.0\% 25.0\% 0.0\%
Transportation, including Motor Vehicles 16.7\% 33.3\% 50.0\% 0.0\%
Component Parts for Transportation Vehicles NA NA NA NA
25.0\%
8.3\%
0.0\%
25.0\%
8.3\%
8.3\%
8.3\%
66.7\%
Other
Fuel Cell Vehicles
Hydrogen Vehicles
Natural Gas Vehicles
Electric Vehicles
Plug-In Hyrid Vehicles
Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Gasoline and Diesel Motor Vehicles
14.3\%
57.1\%
28.6\%
Half to most of it (50\% to
99\%)
Less than a quarter (1\%
to 24\%)
DK/NA
Connecticut Energy and Employment
Overview
Connecticut has a low concentration of energy employment, with 18,619 Traditional Energy workers
statewide. 3,209 of these workers are in the Fuels sector, 10,206 work in Transmission, Wholesale
Distribution, and Storage, and 5,205 workers are …
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n that draws upon the theoretical reading to explain and contextualize the design choices. Be sure to directly quote or paraphrase the reading
ce to the vaccine. Your campaign must educate and inform the audience on the benefits but also create for safe and open dialogue. A key metric of your campaign will be the direct increase in numbers.
Key outcomes: The approach that you take must be clear
Mechanical Engineering
Organic chemistry
Geometry
nment
Topic
You will need to pick one topic for your project (5 pts)
Literature search
You will need to perform a literature search for your topic
Geophysics
you been involved with a company doing a redesign of business processes
Communication on Customer Relations. Discuss how two-way communication on social media channels impacts businesses both positively and negatively. Provide any personal examples from your experience
od pressure and hypertension via a community-wide intervention that targets the problem across the lifespan (i.e. includes all ages).
Develop a community-wide intervention to reduce elevated blood pressure and hypertension in the State of Alabama that in
in body of the report
Conclusions
References (8 References Minimum)
*** Words count = 2000 words.
*** In-Text Citations and References using Harvard style.
*** In Task section I’ve chose (Economic issues in overseas contracting)"
Electromagnetism
w or quality improvement; it was just all part of good nursing care. The goal for quality improvement is to monitor patient outcomes using statistics for comparison to standards of care for different diseases
e a 1 to 2 slide Microsoft PowerPoint presentation on the different models of case management. Include speaker notes... .....Describe three different models of case management.
visual representations of information. They can include numbers
SSAY
ame workbook for all 3 milestones. You do not need to download a new copy for Milestones 2 or 3. When you submit Milestone 3
pages):
Provide a description of an existing intervention in Canada
making the appropriate buying decisions in an ethical and professional manner.
Topic: Purchasing and Technology
You read about blockchain ledger technology. Now do some additional research out on the Internet and share your URL with the rest of the class
be aware of which features their competitors are opting to include so the product development teams can design similar or enhanced features to attract more of the market. The more unique
low (The Top Health Industry Trends to Watch in 2015) to assist you with this discussion.
https://youtu.be/fRym_jyuBc0
Next year the $2.8 trillion U.S. healthcare industry will finally begin to look and feel more like the rest of the business wo
evidence-based primary care curriculum. Throughout your nurse practitioner program
Vignette
Understanding Gender Fluidity
Providing Inclusive Quality Care
Affirming Clinical Encounters
Conclusion
References
Nurse Practitioner Knowledge
Mechanics
and word limit is unit as a guide only.
The assessment may be re-attempted on two further occasions (maximum three attempts in total). All assessments must be resubmitted 3 days within receiving your unsatisfactory grade. You must clearly indicate “Re-su
Trigonometry
Article writing
Other
5. June 29
After the components sending to the manufacturing house
1. In 1972 the Furman v. Georgia case resulted in a decision that would put action into motion. Furman was originally sentenced to death because of a murder he committed in Georgia but the court debated whether or not this was a violation of his 8th amend
One of the first conflicts that would need to be investigated would be whether the human service professional followed the responsibility to client ethical standard. While developing a relationship with client it is important to clarify that if danger or
Ethical behavior is a critical topic in the workplace because the impact of it can make or break a business
No matter which type of health care organization
With a direct sale
During the pandemic
Computers are being used to monitor the spread of outbreaks in different areas of the world and with this record
3. Furman v. Georgia is a U.S Supreme Court case that resolves around the Eighth Amendments ban on cruel and unsual punishment in death penalty cases. The Furman v. Georgia case was based on Furman being convicted of murder in Georgia. Furman was caught i
One major ethical conflict that may arise in my investigation is the Responsibility to Client in both Standard 3 and Standard 4 of the Ethical Standards for Human Service Professionals (2015). Making sure we do not disclose information without consent ev
4. Identify two examples of real world problems that you have observed in your personal
Summary & Evaluation: Reference & 188. Academic Search Ultimate
Ethics
We can mention at least one example of how the violation of ethical standards can be prevented. Many organizations promote ethical self-regulation by creating moral codes to help direct their business activities
*DDB is used for the first three years
For example
The inbound logistics for William Instrument refer to purchase components from various electronic firms. During the purchase process William need to consider the quality and price of the components. In this case
4. A U.S. Supreme Court case known as Furman v. Georgia (1972) is a landmark case that involved Eighth Amendment’s ban of unusual and cruel punishment in death penalty cases (Furman v. Georgia (1972)
With covid coming into place
In my opinion
with
Not necessarily all home buyers are the same! When you choose to work with we buy ugly houses Baltimore & nationwide USA
The ability to view ourselves from an unbiased perspective allows us to critically assess our personal strengths and weaknesses. This is an important step in the process of finding the right resources for our personal learning style. Ego and pride can be
· By Day 1 of this week
While you must form your answers to the questions below from our assigned reading material
CliftonLarsonAllen LLP (2013)
5 The family dynamic is awkward at first since the most outgoing and straight forward person in the family in Linda
Urien
The most important benefit of my statistical analysis would be the accuracy with which I interpret the data. The greatest obstacle
From a similar but larger point of view
4 In order to get the entire family to come back for another session I would suggest coming in on a day the restaurant is not open
When seeking to identify a patient’s health condition
After viewing the you tube videos on prayer
Your paper must be at least two pages in length (not counting the title and reference pages)
The word assimilate is negative to me. I believe everyone should learn about a country that they are going to live in. It doesnt mean that they have to believe that everything in America is better than where they came from. It means that they care enough
Data collection
Single Subject Chris is a social worker in a geriatric case management program located in a midsize Northeastern town. She has an MSW and is part of a team of case managers that likes to continuously improve on its practice. The team is currently using an
I would start off with Linda on repeating her options for the child and going over what she is feeling with each option. I would want to find out what she is afraid of. I would avoid asking her any “why” questions because I want her to be in the here an
Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of using an Internet site as means of collecting data for psychological research (Comp 2.1) 25.0\% Summarization of the advantages and disadvantages of using an Internet site as means of collecting data for psych
Identify the type of research used in a chosen study
Compose a 1
Optics
effect relationship becomes more difficult—as the researcher cannot enact total control of another person even in an experimental environment. Social workers serve clients in highly complex real-world environments. Clients often implement recommended inte
I think knowing more about you will allow you to be able to choose the right resources
Be 4 pages in length
soft MB-920 dumps review and documentation and high-quality listing pdf MB-920 braindumps also recommended and approved by Microsoft experts. The practical test
g
One thing you will need to do in college is learn how to find and use references. References support your ideas. College-level work must be supported by research. You are expected to do that for this paper. You will research
Elaborate on any potential confounds or ethical concerns while participating in the psychological study 20.0\% Elaboration on any potential confounds or ethical concerns while participating in the psychological study is missing. Elaboration on any potenti
3 The first thing I would do in the family’s first session is develop a genogram of the family to get an idea of all the individuals who play a major role in Linda’s life. After establishing where each member is in relation to the family
A Health in All Policies approach
Note: The requirements outlined below correspond to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. At a minimum
Chen
Read Connecting Communities and Complexity: A Case Study in Creating the Conditions for Transformational Change
Read Reflections on Cultural Humility
Read A Basic Guide to ABCD Community Organizing
Use the bolded black section and sub-section titles below to organize your paper. For each section
Losinski forwarded the article on a priority basis to Mary Scott
Losinksi wanted details on use of the ED at CGH. He asked the administrative resident