Fluent Essays

Please view and read the attached file below and answer the following questions    1. Identify the purposes of government (See Supplementary Materials Folder ). 2. Define politics. 3. Define a social contract. (See Supplementary Materials Folder ) 4. Identify the view of political theorists John Locke and Thomas Hobbes. (See Supplementary Materials Folder ) 5. Define the principles and types of a democracy. (See Supplementary Materials Folder ) 6. Identify the principles of pluralism, elitism, and democracy. 7. Define negative and positive liberty. 8. Differentiate among ideological beliefs: liberal, conservative, socialist, and libertarian. 9. Relate equality to its measurements: opportunities, results/outcomes, political, and social. Chapter One: Ideas That Shape American Politics Note: Students will click on the right arrow in the left-hand corner to advance to the next slide. Then, students will click on the icon to play the audio for that slide. LO1 – Identify the Purposes of Government: Government is defined as the structures or order (government agencies, departments, etc.) used to resolve conflict for the entire society. The purposes of government are to: Establish justice and ensure domestic tranquility (Give us justice and peace) Provide for the common defense (Keep us safe) Promote the general welfare (Help us) Secure the blessings of liberty (Give us freedom) LO2 – Define Politics: Politics is defined as the process by which society makes collective decisions about who gets what, when and how. LO3 – Define a Social Contract: A social contract is defined as an agreement between citizens and government in which citizens give their consent to be governed in exchange for protection of their rights. LO4 – Identify the View of Political Theorists John Locke and Thomas Hobbes: Both 17th Century theorists were social contract theorists - that is, they believed that a social contract was extremely important to the commonwealth to protect the rights of the people. See also: https://www.britannica.com/topic/social-contract Locke’s Political Views Hobbes Political Views Believed in limited government Believed in an all-powerful government (particularly a and that man is basically “good” monarchy or a single-ruler)   Government should preserve People must give up certain rights to the government life, liberty, and private property (or chaos will result)     People form governments People form governments (through a social contract) (through a social contract) to protect rights to protect rights Governments derive their just powers Governments derive their just powers from the from the consent of the governed consent of individuals who agree together to follow certain rules LO5 – Define the Principles and Types of a Democracy: Principles: Majority Rule, Equality, Individual Rights and the dignity of the individual, and Protection of Minority Rights. Types of Democracy: Direct: A direct democracy is one where each individual person represents themselves. There are no elected representatives. For example, this form of democracy is utilized on the east coast by towns. These towns hold “town hall” meetings, for example, where all persons living in a town attend the meeting and cast votes on town decisions. Indirect: Indirect democracy is also referred to as a representative democracy or a “republic.” In this form, persons vote for elected officials at the local, state and national government levels who represent them and make decisions for them. LO6 – Identify the Principles of Pluralism, Elitism, and Democracy: Pluralism: People influence government through interest groups. Elitism: Power rests in the hands of a small number of wealthy and powerful individuals. Democracy: People rule. LO7 – Define Negative and Positive Liberty: Negative Liberty: Defined as freedom from constraints or the interference of others. Positive Liberty: Defined as the ability—and provision of basic necessities—to pursue one’s own goals. LO8–Differentiate Among Ideological Beliefs: Liberal: Defined as individuals who value cultural diversity, government programs for the needy, and public intervention in the economy Conservative: Defined as individuals who believe in reduced government spending, personal responsibility, and traditional moral values Socialist: Defined as a belief that citizens are responsible for one another’s well-being and use government policy to ensure all are comfortably cared for. Libertarian: Defined as individuals who believe in minimal government, while defending borders, prosecuting crime, and protecting private property. LO 8 – GOVERNMENT IDEOLOGIES Liberals: More Government Less Military / Defense Conservatives: Less Government More Military / Defense To find out what ideology you might be, see the website and “take the test:” www.politicalcompass.org www.ontheissues.org (Quizzes/Political Philosophy) If you had $100 to spend, how would a Liberal and Conservative spend that money in the areas indicated? ____________________________________________________ _____________LIBERAL_____|___CONSERVATIVE_________ MD/BUS_(Military-Defense/ Business)________?_________|_________?______________ SS_(Social Spending)________?________|__________?______________ Ideologies: Test Questions If you had $100 to spend, how would a Liberal and Conservative spend that money in the areas indicated? ____________________________________________________ _____________LIBERAL_____|___CONSERVATIVE_________ MD/BUS_(Military-Defense/ Business)________$30______|_________$70_____________ SS_(Social Spending)________$70_______|________$30______________ Ideologies: Test Questions Which of the following correctly represents the trends in the areas marked? A. Liberals and Conservatives want more B. Liberals and Conservatives want less C. Liberals want more Conservatives want less D. Liberals want less Conservatives want more Ideologies: Test Questions – Part One: ____________________________________________________ _____________LIBERAL_____|___CONSERVATIVE_________ MD/BUS_(Military-Defense/ Business)_____X_____|______X_____________ SS_(Social Spending)_________________|_________________________ Ideologies: Test Questions – Part Two: Answer = D (Lib. Less/Consv. More ____________________________________________________ _____________LIBERAL_____|___CONSERVATIVE_________ MD/BUS_(Military-Defense/ Business)___________|______X_____________ SS_(Social Spending)_______ X ________|________________________ Ideologies: Test Questions – Part Two: Answer = A (Lib. More/Consv. More LO9 – Relate Equality to its Measurements: Opportunities, Results/Outcomes, Political, and Social Opportunities: Removes barriers such as race so that all have an equal chance to succeed (applying for a job or financial aid). Results/Outcomes: Equal sharing no matter the effort; proportional results to the percentage of the whole (everyone who tries gets the same prize). Political: Means that every citizen has the same rights and opportunities. The law applies equally to all (speed limits, voting). Social: Means that all individuals enjoy the same status in society (anyone can become president).