unit 7 test - Law
1 
 
CRIMINAL JUSTICE COMPETENCY STUDY GUIDE 
 
COMPENTENCY TERMS TO KNOW 
& REFERENCES 
 
 
Below you will find a list of courses, key concepts, and key court cases that you are 
required to know.  Competency exams will change each semester; however, the 
possible topics are listed below.  For each class, you will be asked approximately 8 
competency questions.  You may use any edition of the course textbook that you 
possess.  However, in the event that you did not keep your course books, we have 
placed several books on reserve in the Nancy Thompson Library (Kean campus).  You 
can sign the books out for 2 hours at a time.  You may find several books for one class 
on reserve.  This is to ensure that more than more person can access a subject book at 
any given time. 
CJ 2600 CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN AMERICA 
Substantive & Procedural Criminal Law, the Court System, & Measuring 
Crime 
 
DESCRIPTION 
 
This course provides an overview of the American criminal justice system, emphasizing 
the police, courts, and corrections, including community-based corrections. Topics 
include the police role in a democratic society, the tension between due process and the 
need for order, and issues of punishment involving proportionality, rehabilitation, and 
public safety.  Competency questions for this course cover measuring crime and the 
operations of the courts. 
 
KEY CONCEPTS 
 
1. Actus reus 
2. Bill of Rights- 
a. Fourth Amendment 
b. Fifth Amendment 
c. Sixth Amendment 
d. Eighth Amendment 
3. Consensus and conflict model 
4. Due process and crime control model 
5. Due process clause (Fourteenth Amendment) 
6. Exclusionary rule 
7. Excuse defenses 
8. Federal courts 
a. District 
2 
 
b. Appellate / circuit 
c. Supreme 
9. Index crime (Part I) 
10. Justification defenses 
11. Mens rea 
12. National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) 
13. National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) 
14. Probable cause 
15. Procedural criminal law 
16. Reasonable suspicion 
17. Search & seizure 
a. Search warrant 
b. Warrantless search 
18. State courts 
a. Limited jurisdiction 
b. General jurisdiction 
c. Intermediate appellate 
d. Final resort 
e. Specialty courts 
19. Stop and risk 
20. Strict liability 
21. Substantive criminal law 
22. Uniform Crime Report (UCR) 
KEY COURT CASES 
 
1. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) 
2. In re Gault (1967) 
3. Mapp v. Ohio (1961) 
4. Miranda v. Arizona (1966) 
5. Terry v. Ohio (1968) 
6. Weeks v. United States (1914) 
 
RELEVANT RESOURCES
1
 
 
 Bohm, R. (2011) Introduction to criminal justice. 6
th
 Ed. McGraw Hill* 
Bohm, R. (2014) The American system of criminal justice. 13
th
 Ed. Belmont, CA: 
Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.* 
Cole, G. (2014) The American System of Criminal Justice. 14
th
 Ed. Belmont, CA: 
Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.* 
 Gaines, L. K. & Miller, R. L. (2010). Criminal justice in action: The core.  Belmont, 
CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.* 
                                                      
1
 References followed by an asterisk (*) can be found on reserve in the library.  You can find more than one copy of 
a book for a particular subject on reserve simply to allow access by more than one student at a time. 
3 
 
 Regoli, R. (2011). Exploring criminal justice. 3
rd
Ed. Boston, MA:  Jones and 
Bartlett.* 
Scheb, J. M. & Scheb II, J. M. (2011).  Criminal law and procedure. 7
th
 Ed. 
Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.* 
Schmalleger, F. (2014). Criminal justice: A brief introduction. 10
th
 Ed. Upper 
Saddle River, NJ:  Prentice Hall.* 
Schmalleger, F. (2012). Criminal justice today: An introductory text for the 21
st
 
century 12
th.
 Ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ:  Pearson.* 
 Siegel, L. (2013) Essentials of criminal justice. 8
th
 Ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 
Cengage Learning.* 
 Siegel, L.J. & Worrall, J. L. (2015). Essentials of criminal justice.  Belmont, CA: 
Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.* 
 
 
CJ 2610 CRIMINOLOGY 
 
DESCRIPTION 
 
Criminology is the scientific study of making and breaking laws. How society reacts to 
law breaking is an important component of our criminal justice system’s goals and 
objectives. Laws are sometimes arrived at by consensus, sometimes imposed by the 
powerful in society. Societies today are moving closer together regarding accepted 
human behavior and because most people share this common interest, the study of 
crime and its causes, and prevention strategies take on a global perspective. Students 
should be familiar with the following key concepts and theories when studying this topic. 
 
KEY CONCEPTS 
 
1. Broken windows theory 
2. Classical school of criminology 
3. Conflict theory 
4. Differential association theory 
5. Environmental theories  
6. Feminist theory of female delinquency (Chesney-Lind) 
7. General theory of crime 
8. Labeling theory 
9. Life course theory (Moffitt) 
10. Rational choice theory 
11. Routine activities 
12. Shaming (Braithwaite) 
13. Sisters in Crime/Freda Adler 
14. Social bond theory (Hirschi) 
15. Social disorganization theory 
4 
 
16. Social learning theory 
17. Social process theories 
18. Strain theory (Merton) 
 
RELEVANT RESOURCES 
 
 Cullen, F.T. & Agnew, R. (2011). Criminological theory: Past to present. Essential 
readings. 4
th
 edition. New York: Oxford University Press.* 
 
 Schmalleger, F. (2011). Criminology: A brief introduction. Boston, MA: Prentice 
Hall.* 
 
 
CJ 3500 DIVERSITY & CRIMINAL JUSTICE 
 
DESCRIPTION 
 
Diversity critically examines race, gender and other diversity issues, such as hate crime, 
within and faced by criminal justice systems within the United States and internationally. 
Topics of emphasis include the importance of diversity issues in the development, 
organization and operation of criminal justice systems; and diversity in offenders, 
victims, and criminal justice professionals.  Also examined, when discussing diversity, 
are problems of prejudice and discrimination.  The course materials include historical, 
legal, social, and other sources of data that elucidate how diversity impacts societies 
and criminal justice systems.  Students should be familiar with the following key 
concepts and theories when studying this topic. 
 
 
KEY CONCEPTS & THEORIES: 
 
1. Anti-semitism 
2. Assimilation 
3. Civic assimilation 
4. Collective conscience 
5. Conflict theory 
6. Contextual discrimination 
7. Constitution & equality 
8. Cultural assimilation 
9. Cultural capital 
10. Culture 
11. Deindividuation 
12. Differential association theory 
13. Discrimination 
14. Ethnic pluralism 
15. Ethnocentrism 
16. Globalization  
5 
 
17. Hate crime 
18. Hate crime constitutionality 
19. Hate crime debate 
20. Hate crime offenders 
21. Hate crime victimization (race, age, gender, sexual orientation, religion) 
22. Hate speech 
23. Homogeneity  
24. Institutional discrimination 
25. Ku Klux Klan movement 
26. LBGT population and hate crime 
27. Melting pot 
28. Multiculturalism 
29. Other 
30. Perpetual foreigner 
31. Prejudice 
32. Protected groups 
33. Race/ethnicity 
34. Racial separatism 
35. Racialized social system 
36. Rational relationship test 
37. Scapegoat theory 
38. Skinhead movement 
39. Social privilege 
40. Social constructionism 
41. Stratification 
42. Strain theory 
43. Structural assimilation 
44. Underlying crime 
45. Xenophobia 
 
 
RELEVANT RESOURCES: 
 
Gerstenfeld, P. B. (2011). Hate crime: Cause, controls, and controversies. 2
nd
 
Ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.* 
Levin, J. (2007). The violence of hate: Confronting racism, anti-semitism, and 
other forms of bigotry. 2
nd
 ed. Boston, MA: Pearson Allyn and Bacon. 
Morash, M. (2006). Understanding gender, crime, and justice. Thousand Oaks, 
CA: Sage Publications, Inc.* 
Pincus, F. L. (2006.)  Understanding diversity: An introduction to class, race, 
gender, and sexual orientation.  Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc.* 
 The Criminology and Criminal Justice Collective of Northern Arizona University. 
(2009). Investigating difference: Human and cultural relations in criminal justice (2
nd
 
Ed.). Boston: Massachusetts: Allyn and Bacon.* 
 
 
6 
 
CJ 3600 POLICE ORGANIZATION & ADMINISTRATION 
DESCRIPTION 
 
This course examines the development, organization, and administration of American 
police departments, considering the principles of organization best adapted to ensure 
effective service to the community. The course also evaluates line, staff, and auxiliary 
functions, and analytic units of administration.  Students should be familiar with the 
following key concepts and theories when studying this topic. 
 
KEY CONCEPTS  
 
1. 4
th
 Amendment 
2. Affidavit  
3. Basic types of police organizational design (line, line and staff, functional, matrix) 
4. Broken windows theory 
5. CALEA 
6. Centralization 
7. Chain of command  
8. Christopher Commission 
9. Community policing 
10. Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD)  
11. Consent 
12. COMPSTAT 
13. Decentralization  
14. Directed patrol 
15. Exclusionary rule 
16. Field training officer (FTO) 
17. Goldstein, Herman 
18. Good faith exception 
19. Hot spot policing 
20. Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) 
21. Kerner Commission 
22. Knapp Commission 
23. Miranda 
24. Peel, Robert 
25. Plain view 
26. Police Officer Standards and Training Commissions (POST) 
27. President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice 
28. Principle of hierarchy 
7 
 
29. Probable cause  
30. Problem Oriented Policing 
31. Reasonable suspicion 
32. Record Management Systems (RMS) 
33. S.A.R.A 
34. Saturated patrol 
35. Search warrant  
36. Span of management 
37. Styles of policing (James Q. Wilson) 
38. Tennessee v. Garner  
39. Terry v. Ohio 
40. Title 42 U.S.C., Section 1983  
41. Unity of command 
42. Vollmer, August 
43. Wickersham Commission 
44. Wilson, O.W. 
 
RELEVANT RESOURCES 
 
Dempsey, J. S., & Forst, L. S. (2012). Police. 2nd Ed. Clifton Park, NY: Cengage 
Learning.* 
Hess, K. M. (2009).  Introduction to law enforcement and criminal justice. 9
th
 Ed. 
Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning.* 
Peak, K.J., & Glensor, R.W. (2012). Community policing and problem solving: 
Strategies and practices. 6
th
 Ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.* 
 Swanson, R.C., Territo, L., & Taylor, R. W. (2011). Police administration: 
Structures, processes, and behavior. 7
th
 Ed.  Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.* 
Walker, S., & Katz, C. M. (2011). The police in America: An introduction. 8
th
 Ed. 
New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.* 
 
CJ 3610 CORRECTIONAL SYSTEMS 
DESCRIPTION 
 
This course examines the client of the criminal justice system in the post conviction, 
institutional setting. Attention is given to the evolution of correctional services for 
institutionalized offenders. Also examined is the relationship between prison 
administration and other elements of the justice system.  Students should be familiar 
with the following key concepts and theories when studying this topic. 
 
8 
 
KEY CONCEPTS  
 
Auburn system 
Bail 
Bifurcated trial system 
Classification of prisons (types) 
Constitution and prisoner rights 
Death penalty: arguments for the death penalty v arguments against the death penalty 
Death penalty: state of the death penalty in the U.S. today 
Early forms of punishment (pre-America) 
Features that typify prisons as hierarchical structures 
How do male and female prison subcultures differ? 
Jails 
Parole boards 
Parole function 
Parole supervision 
Pennsylvania system 
Probation and intermediate sanctions 
Private prisons 
Purpose of corrections 
Rational relationship test 
Restorative justice 
Southern penology 
Today’s correctional systems in America 
Types of sentencing and the ideologies of punishment they represent 
Types of Inmates in correctional institutions 
What are the important Issues for female offenders in prison? 
Types of institutional programs and effectiveness 
 
KEY COURT CASES 
 
Bell v Wolfish 
Bounds v. Smith 
Furman v. Georgia 
Gregg v Georgia 
Pate v Cooper 
Wolff v McDonnell 
 
 
RELEVANT RESOURCES 
 
Clear, T. Cole, G., & Reisig, M. (2009/2012). American corrections, 9
th
 or 10
th
 Ed. 
Belmont, CA:  Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.* 
Siegel, L. & Bartollas, C. (2011). Corrections today. Belmont, CA:  Wadsworth, 
Cengage Learning.* 
9 
 
CJ3650 JUVENILE JUSTICE 
 
DESCRIPTION 
 
This course examines the juvenile justice system in America with theory and practice of 
controlling youth crime through formal juvenile institutions and diversion. The juvenile 
justice system parallels and differences with the “adult system” will be emphasized. 
Students should be familiar with the following key concepts and theories when studying 
this topic. 
 
KEY CONCEPTS  
 
1. Adjudication 
2. Adjustment 
3. Aftercare 
4. Career offender 
5. Child savers and houses of refuge 
6. Confidentiality of juvenile’s delinquency records 
7. Constitutional rights of juvenile within the juvenile justice system 
8. Deinstitutionalization of status offenders 
9. Detention center 
10. Discretion 
11. Disposition hearing 
12. Dispositional alternatives 
13. Diversion programs 
14. First juvenile court system in the United States 
15. Get-tough policy 
16. G.R.E.A.T. programs 
17. Intake process 
18. Jurisdictions of the juvenile justice system 
19. Juvenile death penalty 
20. Juvenile’s delinquency records in the juvenile justice system 
21. Juvenile probation 
22. Legal factors and extralegal factors 
23. Limited jurisdiction 
24. Parens patriae 
25. Petition 
26. Role of the probation officers in the juvenile justice system 
27. Shock probation 
28. Status offenses 
29. Teen court 
30. Transfer, waiver, and certification 
31. Types of policing  
32. Types of waivers 
33. Turning point 
10 
 
34. UCR v. NCVS v. NIBRS v. Self-report data 
 
KEY COURT CASES 
 
1. Breed v. Jones  
2. In re Gault 
3. In re Winship 
4. Kent v. United States 
5. McKeiver v. Pennsylvania 
6. Roper v. Simmons 
 
RELEVANT RESOURCES 
 
 Champion, D. J. (2013). The Juvenile Justice System: Delinquency, Processing, 
and the Law.  Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. (ISBN: 978-0-13-276446-9) 
 Vito, G. F. & Kunselman, J.C. (2012). Juvenile justice today.  Upper Saddle River, 
NJ:  Prentice Hall.*
				    	
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