Fluent Essays

Instructions attached. Needed by 08-24-21. pacific time 11pm For this assignment, you will synthesize the independent evidence-based practice project proposal assignments from NUR-550 and NUR-590 into a 4,500-5,000-word professional paper. Final Paper The final paper should: 1. Incorporate all necessary revisions and corrections suggested by your instructors. 2. Synthesize the different elements of the overall project into one paper. The synthesis should reflect the main concepts for each section, connect ideas or overreaching concepts, and be rewritten to include the critical aspects (do not copy and paste the assignments). 3. Contain supporting research for the evidence-based practice project proposal. Main Body of the Paper The main body of your paper should include the following sections: 1. Problem Statement 2. Organizational Culture and Readiness 3. Literature Review 4. Change Model, or Framework 5. Implementation Plan 6. Evaluation Plan Appendices The appendices at the end of your paper should include the following: 1. All final changes or revisions for the drafts that will be included in the appendices of your paper. 2. Complete the APA Writing Checklist to ensure that your paper adheres to APA style and formatting criteria and general guidelines for academic writing. Include the completed checklist as the final appendix at the end of your paper. In each preceding course you have been directed to the Student Success Center for assistance with APA style, and have submitted the APA Writing Checklist to help illustrate your adherence to APA style. This final paper should demonstrate a clear ability to communicate your project in a professional and accurately formatted paper using APA style. 3. General Requirements You are required to cite 10-12 peer-reviewed sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and nursing content. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Rubic_Print_Format Course Code Class Code Assignment Title Total Points NUR-590 NUR-590-O500 Evidence-Based Practice Project Proposal Presentation 120.0 Criteria Percentage 1: Unsatisfactory (0.00\%) 2: Less Than Satisfactory (80.00\%) 3: Satisfactory (88.00\%) 4: Good (92.00\%) 5: Excellent (100.00\%) Comments Points Earned Content 100.0\% Introduction 5.0\% An introduction is not included. The introduction omits key aspects of the PICOT and fundamental aspects of the evidence-based practice project proposal that will be the main talking points and PICOT statement for the presentation. The introduction generally presents the PICOT statement and most of the fundamental aspects of the evidence-based practice project proposal that will be the main talking points and for the presentation. The introduction is adequate. The PICOT statement and the fundamental aspects of the evidence-based practice project proposal that will be the main talking points and PICOT statement for the presentation are discussed. The introduction is succinct, captures the attention of the audience, clearly identifies PICOT statement and the fundamental aspects of the evidence-based practice project proposal that will be the main talking points and for the presentation. Organizational and Cultural Readiness 10.0\% The discussion on the organizational culture and readiness is not included. The discussion on the organizational culture and readiness is incomplete. The organizational culture and readiness are generally discussed and provide insight into some of the challenges faced by the organization. The organizational culture and readiness are adequately discussed and provide the necessary insight into the organization challenges. The organizational culture and readiness are thoroughly discussed and provide insight into the organization challenges. Problem Statement and Literature Review 15.0\% The problem statement is not clearly stated. Research from the literature review is not included. The problem statement outlines the issue. Support from the research from the literature review is inconsistent. The problem statement summarizes the issue and uses evidence-based support from some of the literature review to rationalize and justify the problem. The research from the literature review provides general support overall. The problem describes the issue using evidence-based support from the literature review to rationalize and justify the problem. The research from the literature review is current, relevant, and used to provide adequate rationale and support throughout. The problem statement is consistent throughout the presentation and concisely describes the issue using strong evidence-based support from the literature review to rationalize and justify the problem. The research from the literature review is current, relevant, and used to provide excellent rationale and support throughout. Change Model or Framework 10.0\% The selected model or framework and its application to the proposed implementation are not described. The selected model or framework is and its application to the proposed implementation are only partially described. The selected model or framework and its application to the proposed implementation are generally described. The selected model or framework and its application to the proposed implementation are adequately described. The selected model or framework and its application to the proposed implementation are thoroughly described. Implementation Plan 10.0\% The implementation plan is not described. The implementation plan is only partially described. The implementation plan is generally described and provides an overall outline for the various aspects. The implementation plan is adequately described and provides the details for the various aspects. The implementation plan is thoroughly described and provides the details for the various aspects. Evaluation Plan 10.0\% The evaluation plan is not described. The evaluation plan is only partially described. The evaluation plan is outlined and provides general information for most aspects. The evaluation plan is adequately described and provides key information for the various aspects. The evaluation plan is thoroughly described and provides the details for the various aspects. Conclusion 5.0\% A conclusion is not presented. The conclusion mentions some aspects of the presentation, but there are some key aspects missing. The conclusion outlines the broad aspects of the presentation. The conclusion summarizes the key points of the presentation in a concise manner. The conclusion is short, clear and summarizes the key points of the presentation in a powerful and memorable way. Research 5.0\% No outside sources were used to support the assignment. Few outside sources were used to support the assignment. Limited research is apparent. Research is adequate. Sources are standard in relevance, quality of outside sources, or timeliness. Research is timely and relevant, and addresses all of the issues stated in the assignment criteria. Research is supportive of the rationale presented. Sources are distinctive. Addresses all of the issues stated in the assignment criteria. Presentation PowerPoint, speaker notes, Loom voice over or video. 10.0\% The submission is incoherent, contains major inconsistencies, is not presented effectively, or is missing a substantial amount of the required elements. The submission is ineffective, contains multiple inconsistencies, or is missing a few of the required elements. The submission contains minor inconsistencies that are not overly distracting. Presentation contains a majority of the required elements. The submission is presented effectively and contains all of the required elements. The submission is presented effectively, and all of the required elements creatively contribute to the presentation of the concepts. Aesthetic Quality 5.0\% Design is cluttered. Materials detract from the content or the purpose of presentation is low quality. Design detracts from purpose. Text and visuals are too simplistic, cluttered, and busy. Little or no creativity or inventiveness is present. Design is fairly clean, with a few exceptions. Materials add to, not detract from the presentation. Materials used were quality products and easy to see or hear. Design is appropriate and integrates a variety of objects, charts, and graphs to amplify the message. Design is clean. Skillful handling of text and visuals creates a distinctive and effective presentation. Overall, effective and functional audio, text, or visuals are evident. Synthesis 5.0\% Synthesis does not successfully integrate ideas to form a cohesive whole. The combination of elements is not logical and/or verifiable. Synthesis integrates ideas inadequately. The combination of elements is not logical. Synthesis integrates ideas but does not adequately form a cohesive whole. Combination of elements at times is confusing. Synthesis integrates ideas to form a cohesive whole. Combination of elements is logical and justified. Synthesis is unique. Synthesis shows careful planning and attention to how disparate elements fit together. The combination of elements is verified. Mechanics of Writing Includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, and language use. 5.0\% Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is employed. Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register) or word choice are present. Sentence structure is correct but not varied. Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct and varied sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are employed. Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. The writer uses a variety of effective sentence structures and figures of speech. The writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English. Documentation of Sources Citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style. 5.0\% Sources are not documented. Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors. Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present. Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct. Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error. Total Weightage 100\% 7 Benchmark - Evidence-Based Practice Project Proposal: Organizational Culture and Readiness Grand Canyon University NUR- 590 July, 14th 2021 Organizational Culture Prime Healthcare Organization has a decentralized and hierarchy-based organizational and leadership structure, working in the best means to motivate subordinates and enhance growth and diversification. Real et al. (2017) confirm that decentralization in healthcare organizations improves communication for quality care and innovations. These elements change management by enhancing agility and response to a new standard. Besides, the organizations mission is to save and promote hospitals to strengthen the compassion, quality, and better care to patients and communities. It is client-focused, where the organization targets the primary consumers of its services while focusing on the community as a whole. By being customer-based, the organization stands a chance to support change by enhancing convenience, quality, access, and response, while abolishing the boundaries. Madhani (2018) notes that by being customer-centric, the organization gains competitiveness by increasing customer engagement to promote collaboration. Prime Healthcare Organization values include quality, compassion, community, and being physician-led by being committed to performance and exceptional care, providing dignity, serving and giving back to the community, and allowing direct health care at all levels by the doctors and clinicians. This element entails interprofessional collaboration in delivering care at diverse levels. The employees perceive the organization as decentralized, considering their active participation in the organization in all operations. Comment by Marina Reade: that is great! Capacity Assessment Framework- Assessing Readiness for Change A Capacity Assessment Framework is designed by the UNDP to evaluate the organizational readiness to promote global health intervention (Dearing, 2018). Dearing notes that assessing organizational readiness entails measuring motivation and the capacity for those firms or service providers to participate in initiatives. A capacity assessment framework is a tool for addressing the organizations readiness to intervention or change, which entails identifying significant capacities that exist and the additional ones required to attain the objectives. Therefore, this tool is a salient element for analyzing desire or needed capacities against the already existing ones for enhancing planning and response. Based on this tool, capacity assessment framework, the Prime Healthcare Organization has exemplary capabilities in organizational attributes, defining the superb organizational culture through explicit mission and purpose, and recognizing the organizational values. The capacity assessment framework analyzes the capabilities of the people, processes, technological resources, physical resources, and organizational systems as a perfect tool for assessing readiness for change. Diab et al. (2018) confirm that change readiness assessment examines the readiness of attitudes, resources, and conditions for capacity development initiatives. Prime Healthcare Organization is adequately ready for change considering its strengths in retaining the best skills, salient communication capabilities, decentralized governance, adequate technology, availability of the human, physical and financial resources, and strong stakeholder partnerships. It is customer-focused, offering an opportunity to integrate changing customer needs. However, frequent changes in the technology required are a threat to the organization, requiring vast investment and commitment. The readiness for change in this organization is high because of the strong team engagement or commitment to change and the collective capability to integrate change. Team spirit, information flow, and mutual support are palpable elements supporting the organizations readiness to change. Health Care Process and Systems Needing Improved Quality, Safety, and Cost-Effectiveness Prime Healthcare Organization being a physician-led service provider, the doctors offer direct care, requiring interventions for feasible clinical interventions. The physician-led system requires an improvement in handling patients, managing the costs, and delivering quality-led care. As a result, it is imperative to initiate Quality improvement collaboratives (CICs) by using standardized methodologies and designations for collecting high-quality data (Luckenbaugh et al., 2017). Additionally, after the collection, the data analysis is conducted to offer feedback to the physicians, initiate collaboration techniques and procedures, and distribute the results to the entire team to disseminate coordinated care at the population level. De la Perrelle et al. (2020) confirm that integrating QICs at scale is imperative for consistent cost identification to form cost-saving healthcare systems in both acute and chronic illnesses. Strategies to Enhance Organizational Readiness A salient strategy identified for enhancing the organizational readiness in Prime Healthcare Organization and applicable to similar organizations is the Transtheoretical Model (TTM). Vax et al. (2021) confirm that TTM prepares the organization for change by aligning with a tailored approach to meet organizational needs. The primary stage of the TTM is pre-contemplation, where people have no idea regarding the need for change and the second phase is where the organization acknowledges the benefits of changes, although costs and risk outmatch the paybacks. Thus, at the third preparation and fourth action phases for the organizational readiness, the organization is bound to initiate training for upskilling and motivation, changing policy such as focusing on solution-focused approaches for adaptability, and encouraging the integration of technology in the healthcare practices (Vax et al., 2021). Besides, considering the integration of big data analytics is a salient approach for enhancing organizational readiness by improving intelligence and research-based intervention. Stakeholders and Team Members in the Project The identified stakeholders and teams in the evidence-based project for increasing patient satisfaction and raising the revenue collection while decreasing the LWBT rate include the ER nurses, informaticians, and the ACOs. The ER nurses will respond quickly to crises and identify real-time stabilization strategies for pain management and patient satisfaction. The informaticians will be responsible for comparing real-time location systems against the manual status updates for tracking patients to establish outcomes for each while focusing on data and big data for quality service delivery and technology integration. The ACOs will be responsible for coordinated care where reimbursements will be attached to quality measures, basing intervention on value. Information and Communication Technologies Electronic Health Records (EHR) are the primary requirement to enhance data collection and retrieval in real-time. Besides, the clinical decision support system (CDS) is essential as the primary tool for mitigating errors by guiding healthcare practitioners at the emergence department solution-focused approaches. Alotaibi and Federico (2017) acknowledge that CDS is a guiding tool to the correct procedures to attain desired outcomes. Through these technologies, practitioners are motivated to pursue outcomes according to the clients needs by enhancing alerts, reminders, and notifications for process adherence. References Alotaibi, Y. K., & Federico, F. (2017). The impact of health information technology on patient safety. Saudi Medical Journal, 38(12), 1173-1180. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2017.12.20631 De la Perrelle, L., Radisic, G., Cations, M., Kaambwa, B., Barbery, G., & Laver, K. (2020). Costs and economic evaluations of quality improvement collaboratives in healthcare: A systematic review. BMC Health Services Research, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-4981-5 Dearing, J. W. (2018). Organizational readiness tools for global health intervention: A review. Frontiers in Public Health, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00056 Diab, G. M., Safan, S. M., & Bakeer, H. M. (2018). Organizational change readiness and manager behavior in managing change. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 8(7), 68-77. https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v8n7p68 Luckenbaugh, A. N., Miller, D. C., & Ghani, K. R. (2017). Collaborative quality improvement. Current Opinion in Urology, 27(4), 395-401. https://doi.org/10.1097/mou.0000000000000404 Madhani, P. M. (2018). Building a customer-focused culture in organisations: Developing 7Cs model. International Journal of Business Excellence, 16(2), 199. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijbex.2018.10015931 Real, K., Bardach, S. H., & Bardach, D. R. (2017). The role of the built environment: How decentralized nurse stations shape communication, patient care processes, and patient outcomes. Health Communication, 32(12), 1557-1570. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2016.1239302 Vax, S., Gidugu, V., Farkas, M., & Drainoni, M. (2021). Ready to roll: Strategies and actions to enhance organizational readiness for implementation in community mental health. Implementation Research and Practice, 2, 263348952098825. https://doi.org/10.1177/2633489520988254 Daysha, You did a nice job of addressing the organizational cuture and how using the capacity assessment framework could aid in identifying the readiness of the organization to implement your suggested intervention. You incorporated the TTM as a strategy to incorporate your intervention of patient satisfaction and you identified who the stakeholders are and with what process and technology your intervention can be implemented. You were very thorough and clear with this paper. Marina 1 8 Evidence-Based Practice Project Proposal: Implementation Plan Grand Canyon University- NUR 590 August 4th 2021 Evidence-Based Practice Project Proposal: Implementation Plan Bringing changes to medical institutions involves many aspects. Different people, stages, barriers or obstacles, and impetus are involved throughout the process (Byers, 2017). This section describes how to implement the proposed solution. The solution refers to the problem previously presented in the hypothesis. Important decisions include behavioral changes. As a result, the use of complementary and alternative therapies is critical in the healing process. Setting and access to potential subjects Execution of the suggested plans will be checked at five significant clinical areas. Enrollment of subjects to take part in the investigation will be voluntary. Advertisements will be shown over time so exceptionally that however many individuals reasonably expected can discover the message. According to Barber (2018), all human examination requires informed consent from all members. Patients with diminished fulfillment in the crisis office should communicate their desire to participate in the examination by signing the informed consent. Signing the form implies that the patient knows about the assumptions for the investigation. Time needed It is important to have a certain period to realize the problems of real-time location systems. The use of the intervention strategy is essential to reduce the level of treatment left (LWBT) and increase income collection. The entire project will take five months. It takes a couple of months to develop the system, including testing and participation of all San Francisco health-care system providers. Comment by Marina Reade: I would like a bit more specific of a timeline as to what needs to occur in what order for example week 1…, week 2 Resources Needed The resources of this system are different. Information technology, health-care professionals, support services, and suppliers represent human resources. These resources will be used to analyze the current system. The required clinical tools are analyzed during the workflow, and the EHR requires analysis. The implementation phase requires resources to simplify the task. This process means that you need to allocate a budget to cover the cost of the resources you need. The implementation phase is one of the most costly, and many change projects fail because they cannot collect all the resources they need. In the implementation process, the proposed solution, namely; reducing LWBT and increasing revenue, requires the following resources: The first important resource is the doctors in charge of various institutions. A real-time Location system will also be needed. Clinical researchers and doctors will be important contributors to my project. They train people in the community to support the projects. Patients can also provide information about who can participate in the project. As the system evolves, financial resources depend on human and technical resources. At this time, it is difficult to determine the cost. The factors that affect cost are the development of additional system software and hardware for auxiliary vendors. Comment by Marina Reade: Who would you want to get involved and how would you find the clinical researcher that is vested in your intervention? Instruments and Methods for Monitoring the Implementation The use of surveys is the most important component in evaluating the implementation of the recommended solution. These surveys will be sent to patients once a month as google forms. This is meant to adhere to COVID 19 health measures, which will limit physical contact amongst individuals. This method is recommended because it is easy to analyze (Patten, 2015). This method is well known to the staff and managers of many medical institutions. The use of surveys is also essential to reduce the cost of surveys. Most respondents answered or asked about the survey early in their lives. This can easily be combined with a simple progress question, as you need to check the box or X next to the question. Another advantage is that you can answer honestly because the answers are completed individually and privately. The Intervention Delivery Process The proposed solution will be delivered using an integrated way. The adoption of the system is one of the major interventions to be used. The participants will be educated on how to use the system. Without leaving anyone behind, all of the participants will take part in the intervention. Before doing the activity, it is critical to provide training and information on what to do and what not to do. The participants of the study will also be notified of the benefits of effectively using the system. The system will essentially improve the outcome of the research. Comment by Marina Reade: This paragraph is very vague about the intervention and using the system. I would have liked more specifics about you discussing what system and what intervention and how that will be delivered Data Collection Plan There are two data collection processes. The first is a survey of providers about the data items that the team has identified as needed, such as system usability and ease of use, and what else is needed. The second is the appointment of paid patients and the specific areas required by the Housing Development Department. During the data collecting phase of the survey, data will be collected continuously throughout the course of the 5-month period. After the intervention, participants are a good source of information on how things are going. Each week, participants fill out a form with the outcomes of their exposure to the system. The results show the effectiveness of interventions to reduce untreated levels (LWBT) and increase income. Data is gathered and entered into an Excel spreadsheet. When the research is over, the next stage is to interpret and analyze the findings. The data collection questionnaire will be comparable to the data collection questionnaire used to monitor the implementation. Approaches to Dealing with Obstacles Many healthcare facilities, especially free ones, lack the necessary training personnel (Naidu et al., 2020). Partnerships with higher education schools will be fruitful because many of them have the best training facilities in their sports departments. Other challenges will be based on the systems running, whereby at some point, the systems may fail, thereby making it challenging to collect required data. This issue will be addressed by ensuring that a backup plan prevails. Training and workshops are conducted at each implementation stage to help each supplier and staff adapt to the system, increase the level of comfort and reduce implementation barriers. The introduction of laptop and tablet computers simplifies the use of the system by suppliers and further increases adoption opportunities. The Plans Implementation Feasibility Various costs will be incurred during the project, particularly during the implementation phase. The trainer fee is one of the expenses incurred. Because the study will only last a few weeks, it would be more cost-effective to recruit rather than pay trainers. Some of the costs that will be incurred during the implementation are listed below. Some costs will be incurred as far as the design and evaluation of the system is concerned. A usability test is paramount in the utilization of the system. The usability test will be carried three weeks before the pilot study to identify some of the challenges. When the study runs for five months, a data storage device will be required to store the data obtained. Plan for the proposed solutions maintenance, extension, revision, and discontinuation. Based on the obtained data, the choice may include extending, sustaining, changing, or even terminating the intervention. The decision-making process is based on the results of the questionnaire given to the participants. The success of the data collection process was leveraged to provide positive feedback, allowing a preliminary choice to be made. Biweekly meetings and implementation plans that include feedback from vendors and staff who use the system are feasible. Advances in technology require various security checks, among others (Painuly et al., 2020). These changes are planned as needed, and the IT and Nursing Informatics Department will initiate the changes. The IT and Nursing Informatics department works with service providers, billing, and support departments as needed. Changes will be evaluated periodically to determine the needs of the change and the feasibility of the timeline. Daysha, Good job with your implementation plan and identifying what barriers you would need to overcome and stakeholders you need to engage to make this plan successful. Some of the content of your paper was a bit vague and did not show a clear path of implementation. I did not see that you included appendixes of the informed consent or the timeline. Marina Reference Barber, B. (2018). Research on human subjects: Problems of social control in medical experimentation. Routledge Byers, V. (2017). The challenges of leading change in health‐care delivery from the front‐line. Journal of Nursing Management, 25(6), 449-456. Naidu, P., Fagan, J. J., Lategan, C., Devenish, L. P., & Chu, K. M. (2020). The role of the University of Cape Town, South Africa, in the training and retention of surgeons in Sub-Saharan Africa. The American Journal of Surgery, 220(5), 1208-1212. Painuly, S., Kohli, P., Matta, P., & Sharma, S. (2020, December). Advance applications and future challenges of 5G IoT. In 2020 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Sustainable Systems (ICISS) (pp. 1381-1384). IEEE. Patten, M. (2016). Questionnaire research: A practical guide. Routledge. APA Writing Checklist Use this document as a checklist for each paper you will write throughout your GCU graduate program. Follow specific instructions indicated in the assignment and use this checklist to help ensure correct grammar and APA formatting. Refer to the APA resources available in the GCU Library and Student Success Center. ☒ APA paper template (located in the Student Success Center/Writing Center) is utilized for the correct format of the paper. APA style is applied, and format is correct throughout. ☒ The title page is present. APA format is applied correctly. There are no errors. ☒ The introduction is present. APA format is applied correctly. There are no errors. ☒ Topic is well defined. ☒ Strong thesis statement is included in the introduction of the paper. ☒ The thesis statement is consistently threaded throughout the paper and included in the conclusion. ☒ Paragraph development: Each paragraph has an introductory statement, two or three sentences as the body of the paragraph, and a transition sentence to facilitate the flow of information. The sections of the main body are organized to reflect the main points of the author. APA format is applied correctly. There are no errors. ☒ All sources are cited. APA style and format are correctly applied and are free from error. ☒ Sources are completely and correctly documented on a References page, as appropriate to assignment and APA style, and format is free of error. Scholarly Resources: Scholarly resources are written with a focus on a specific subject discipline and usually written by an expert in the same subject field. Scholarly resources are written for an academic audience. Examples of Scholarly Resources include: Academic journals, books written by experts in a field, and formally published encyclopedias and dictionaries. Peer-Reviewed Journals: Peer-reviewed journals are evaluated prior to publication by experts in the journal’s subject discipline. This process ensures that the articles published within the journal are academically rigorous and meet the required expectations of an article in that subject discipline. Empirical Journal Article: This type of scholarly resource is a subset of scholarly articles that reports the original finding of an observational or experimental research study. Common aspects found within an empirical article include: literature review, methodology, results, and discussion. Adapted from Evaluating Resources: Defining Scholarly Resources, located in Research Guides in the GCU Library. ☒ The writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English. Utilize writing resources such as Grammarly, LopesWrite report, and ThinkingStorm to check your writing. 2 Benchmark- Framework or Model for Change NUR- 590 Professor Marina Reade July 21, 2021 Change Process Implementation Of Real-Time Location Systems In The ED Few phases fail to sustain a fast move in adopting the change. Lewins model mostly becomes concerned with reinforcing the change over a prolonged period to overcome rejection and give enough training. The ED should utilize Lewins change model for change as the selected framework because it has solid support from senior hospital management and needs to make the entire healthcare facility dynamic by adopting real-time location systems in emergence service delivery. Models Stages And Their Application In The ED Under this model, the ED department will focus on the three-stage model that breaks changes into manageable phases of unfreezing, changing, and refreezing. Unfreezing In unfreezing chunk, the project team under its project manager will first unfreeze the EDs current process and analyze its process improvement. Under this analysis, both patients and healthcare providers at the ED department affected by the change will understand the need to replace the manual system with the automated one (Šuc et al., 2019). Then, the project team will make its changes and guide nurses at the ED throughout the transition. Once the real-time location system gets deployed and tweaked as per nurses feedback, the project manager will solidify or refreeze the new status quo. Before implementing the automated system at the ED, this change needs to go through the models initial stage of unfreezing. Since the nurses at the ED will resist the computerized system, the objective during the unfreezing phase becomes to create an awareness of how existing manual systems at admission and discharge levels are undermining the EDs ability to offer quality emergence care services. Hussain et al., (2018) reveal that outdated behaviors, thinking ways, processes, patients, and ED structures get placed under in-depth examination to disclose to ED nurses how crucial a change is for the whole hospital to establish or sustain a competitive edge in the healthcare setting. Communication will become a vital aspect during this unfreezing stage to keep nurses updated on the change, the reason behind the new system, and how it brings advantages to them and the entire ED. This unfreezing stage intends to create change awareness and make it appear crucial and urgent while motivating those affected by the change to accept (Šuc et al., 2019). Thus, the project team can create communication plans to inform all stakeholders within the ED about the shift and allocate time for conducting change-based meetings and discussions. Changing A real-time location system change is when the ED has to transition into this new state of using a computerized system while abandoning the manual records in entering, storing, and retrieving patients data. The implementation of the new system characterizes this transitioning phase. The implementation period is when the change becomes real such that the ED entirely runs the automated systems in all areas of patient admission and discharge. During changing stage, the ED struggles with the new system adoption. For instance, ED nurses experience uncertainty and fear, thus making it the most challenging step to overcome. Since the ED nurses are unfrozen, they can start to move. Physicians and nurses start learning new behaviors, processes, and ways of thinking in the transitioning phase. The more prepared these healthcare providers are for change, the easier it is to overcome and complete. Since change requires precise planning and execution, the team leading the change will educate nurses on using the automated system, communicating vital information, and supporting nurses who have not become familiar with the change (Burnes, 2020). ED nurses will be reminded of the reasons for the change throughout the entire change process and benefit them once it. Refreezing Refreezing is the last stage of the framework for the change. It symbolizes the actions such as reinforcement, stabilization, and solidification of the operations after the change. The changes made to the ED processes, objectives, structure, and patients will get approved and refrozen within the department (Memon et al., 2021). Through this stage, the department becomes guaranteed that nurses do not revert to their outdated ways of using the manual system. Therefore, the project manager should ensure the newly implemented system is not lost. Instead, the ED will have to cement the change into the hospitals culture and maintain it as the accepted way of delivering emergency care services. The ED can ensure positive rewards and appreciation of individualized commitments to reinforce change since it is believed that positively reinforced behavior tends to be repetitive. Nurses showing consistency in using the new system can get rewarded weekly to encourage further change reinforcement. References Burnes, B. (2020). The origins of Lewins three-step model of change. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 56(1), 32-59. Hussain, S. T., Lei, S., Akram, T., Haider, M. J., Hussain, S. H., & Ali, M. (2018). Kurt Lewins change model: A critical review of the role of leadership and employee involvement in organizational change. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 3(3), 123-127. Memon, F. A., Shah, S., & Khoso, I. U. (2021). Improving Employees Engagement in Change: Reassessing Kurt Lewins Model. City University Research Journal, 11(1), 144-164. Šuc, J., Prokosch, H. U., & Ganslandt, T. (2019). Applicability of Lewin s change management model in a hospital setting. Methods of information in medicine, 48(05), 419-428. Daysha, You did a nice job of utilizing Lewin’s model of change to help you navigate through changing the ER’s system of using computerized services to improve the flow and patient care. You identified the stakeholders and the phases of change that will have to be followed through to change practice. This model is easy to understand and flexible enough to allow for any type of change. Great job. Marina Appendix Concept Map For The Lewins Change Model Making stakeholders motivated for change Make stakeholders understand the need for change Create change awareness Update people andcommunicate feedback 1 Unfreezingg Showing what needs to get changed Abandon old ways of thinking Allow transition Allow learning of new behaviors, processes Cement change into organization culture to make it permanent Reinforce, stabilize, and solidify the change Ensure stakeholders do not revert to old ways of doing things The Lewins Change Model 2 Changing 3 Refreezing APA Writing Checklist Use this document as a checklist for each paper you will write throughout your GCU graduate program. Follow specific instructions indicated in the assignment and use this checklist to help ensure correct grammar and APA formatting. Refer to the APA resources available in the GCU Library and Student Success Center. ☒ APA paper template (located in the Student Success Center/Writing Center) is utilized for the correct format of the paper. APA style is applied, and format is correct throughout. ☒ The title page is present. APA format is applied correctly. There are no errors. ☒ The introduction is present. APA format is applied correctly. There are no errors. ☒ Topic is well defined. ☒ Strong thesis statement is included in the introduction of the paper. ☒ The thesis statement is consistently threaded throughout the paper and included in the conclusion. ☒ Paragraph development: Each paragraph has an introductory statement, two or three sentences as the body of the paragraph, and a transition sentence to facilitate the flow of information. The sections of the main body are organized to reflect the main points of the author. APA format is applied correctly. There are no errors. ☒ All sources are cited. APA style and format are correctly applied and are free from error. ☒ Sources are completely and correctly documented on a References page, as appropriate to assignment and APA style, and format is free of error. Scholarly Resources: Scholarly resources are written with a focus on a specific subject discipline and usually written by an expert in the same subject field. Scholarly resources are written for an academic audience. Examples of Scholarly Resources include: Academic journals, books written by experts in a field, and formally published encyclopedias and dictionaries. Peer-Reviewed Journals: Peer-reviewed journals are evaluated prior to publication by experts in the journal’s subject discipline. This process ensures that the articles published within the journal are academically rigorous and meet the required expectations of an article in that subject discipline. Empirical Journal Article: This type of scholarly resource is a subset of scholarly articles that reports the original finding of an observational or experimental research study. Common aspects found within an empirical article include: literature review, methodology, results, and discussion. Adapted from Evaluating Resources: Defining Scholarly Resources, located in Research Guides in the GCU Library. ☒ The writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English. Utilize writing resources such as Grammarly, LopesWrite report, and ThinkingStorm to check your writing. 2 Literature Evaluation Table Criteria Article 1 Article 2 Article 3 Article 4 Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and Permalink or Working Link to Access Article Asamrew, N., Endris, A. A., & Tadesse, M. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jeph/2020/2473469/ sheim, A., Nilsen, S. M., Carlsen, F., Næss-Pleym, L. E., Uleberg, O., Dale, J., et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31135613/ Boehm, L., & Petty, K. https://vocera.com/sites/default/files/resources/CXO_Survey_2016_Report_Vocera_Experience_Innovation_Network.pdf Boulos, M. N., & Berry, G. https://ij-healthgeographics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1476-072X-11-25 Introduction The article is about the healthcare industry going through a rapid transition to cater to the needs and demands of the patient population. The paper shows that healthcare quality has become a prevalent issue discussed across the globe. However, current studies have showcased that the healthcare personnel view that patients are better positioned to judge; who evaluates and gives inputs to aid in the overall enhancement of quality health care provision via rectifying the system weaknesses (Asamrew et al., 2020). The study focuses on a reduced length of stay in medical emergence department patients, a prospective controlled study on emergency physician staffing. It is crucial to acknowledge that patients, emergency department staff, and hospital managers experience long hours of emergency department patients. As a result, it had triggered considerable crowds in the emergency departments. That is why the articles aim to devise effective ways to reduce the number of hours that the mentioned group would stay in the emergency room. The paper addressed the rise of the healthcare chief experience officer. It looked at the 2016 study concerning patients experience to human experience. The study displayed various recommendations such as attention to physicians, nurses, and other relevant care providers well-being to combat initiative fatigue and drive sustainable changes. Real-time relocating systems have become a vital element of several existing ubiquitous location-aware systems. RTLS are local systems that help identify and track the location of assets and persons in real(or near-real-time). It entails specialized fixed readers that receive wireless signs from ID badges connected to objects of interest or people. Search Methods Use of Zipcodes Use of zip codes Geographical data Geographical information Synthesis of the Literature The study was conducted in Black Lion Specialized Hospital (Addis Ababa), Ethiopia. It aimed to measure patient satisfaction in a specialized health facility (Boulos & Berry 2012). In the hospitals in Addis Ababa, the healthcare services are scarce, and majorly, they are of poor quality. The challenges depict the socioeconomic status of the country. However, the nation has taken significant steps to improve its healthcare firms and the quality of health service delivery over recent years. Emergency department crowding a point in time. It was essential to identify a prevalence study to evaluate the degree of physical crowding, including staff shortage. The research centered on the consecutive patients managed in a medical emergency department by internal medicine residents during the evening shift. The study utilized an Experimental design whereby relevant information was collected on patients managed prior(n=200) and after (n=160) the addition of a second physician on the shift (Boehm & Petty 2016). The study focused on chief executive officers rise in number in the healthcare facilities. It was noted that experienced leaders possess the ear of the C-suite. The study also highlighted that engagement with the CEO is fundamental to success and that experience triggers parity with quality, safety, and performance improvement. The study aims to look at RTLS elements and technologies. RTLS are local systems that help identify and track the location of assets and persons in real(or near-real-time). It entails specialized fixed readers that receive wireless signs from ID badges connected to objects of interest or people. It is crucial to note that RTLS location data does not entail complete information of speed, direction, the spatial orientation of tracked objects or people. Nevertheless, it can play a considerable role in emergency response in the healthcare sector and health facilities in general. Also, at home, it provides a substantial benefit while integrating RTLS solutions. Comparison of the articles The article used quantitative research, which involved 398 participants. Unlike the first article, the present research followed an experimental design to conduct its study. The article utilized a mixed research design as opposed to the first two. Besides, the paper also focused on the CEO compared to the first two, which centered on a patients well-being. The article is different from the first three in terms of the method used. It focused on RTLS components and technologies and how they can be applied in the healthcare system. Suggestion for Future Research There should be an improvement on quality connected to timely and valuable feedback from the participants and other related people. It will answer few questions on whether the initial research would have achieved its intended goals. The research should expand its objectives and utilize another research design to extract relevant information from the chosen participants, such as a survey or mixed study to get intended results. There should be a practical engagement with the stakeholders like the physicians, board members, patients, and families to express their concerns and possible adjustments. Future research should also focus on the broader vision across the continuum of care, especially in the selected area. It will ensure effective improvement, and focus will be directed to the inpatient hospital surrounding. Future studies should focus on RTLS drawbacks and how healthcare workers can overcome them (Boulos & Rhoads 2011). How can RTLS help provide prompt feedback, especially those patients with critical illnesses like Alzheimers disease. Conclusion According to the findings, 46\% of the participants in Addis Ababa expressed their satisfaction with healthcare services, and 37.7\% were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied. However, the general patient satisfaction was recorded as low than the other healthcare facilities in the nation, including a comparison with services given in the healthcare. An additional physician fundamentally decreased the period of stay of medical emergency department outpatients. The study concluded that experience is crucial and is perceived as a strategic priority and that effective engagement with chief executive officers is essential for guaranteed success. For it contributes a lot to quality, safety, and performance improvement in the healthcare sector. Also that more than 39\% of experienced leaders report directly to CEO or the president. The study concluded by highlighting few recommendations such that the healthcare facilities should focus on enhancing the technology in modest procedural changes on behalf of its users. Also, the selection and procurement personnel should focus on achievable and illustrate real-world benefits like cost savings, enhanced efficiency, staffing, and patient satisfaction. Criteria Article 5 Article 6 Article 7 Article 8 Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and Permalink or Working Link to Access Article Drazen, E., & Rhoads, J. https://www.chcf.org/publication/using-tracking-tools-to-improve-patient-flow-in-hospitals/ Heath, S. https://patientengagementhit.com/features/patient-satisfaction-and-hcahps-what-it-means-for-providers Prakash, B. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3047732/ Son, H., & Yom, Y.-H. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jjns.12132 Introduction The study aims at utilizing tracking tools to enhance patient flow in hospitals. It was evident that healthcare facilities in the US go through financial and operational stress. The followed a qualitative design, and some of the tools proposed for improvement include RTLS, which will help increase patient flow and essential tract data. As the healthcare sector transits towards patient-centered approaches, healthcare workers need to comprehend patient satisfaction techniques and practices. Patient satisfaction involves how sick clients get happy with healthcare services, including inside and outside the doctors office. Patient Satisfaction is critical and commonly used indicator for assessing the quality of healthcare. However, practice in the healthcare system has developed over many decades, such as establishing corporate hospitals combined with the latest facilities, increasing litigations for unsatisfying feedback, and others. Those factors have triggered a challenging profile for the healthcare industry. The aims to look at the factors impacting satisfaction with emergency department medical service: Patients and their companions perspectives using a cross-sectional design. Search Methods Through specified and manually enter the area of interest by choosing specific search terms. Use of Zipcode Using search terms and manually typing to locate articles with the same content interested in. Using search terms and manually typing to locate articles with the same content interested in. Synthesis of the Literature Examine the variation of the relevance of tools such as RTLS to patient care. It because the US experiences both financial and operational stress (Drazen & Rhoads 2011). Specialists have projected the need for new bed capacity to rise 20 percent by 2012. Examining patient satisfaction and HCAHPS: What it means for a care provider (Health, 2016). The study highlighted that technology advancement that introduces unique tools for services could help satisfy patients needs and concerns. In addition, technology help boosts patient satisfaction by improving efficiency and developing effective strategies to enhance patient satisfaction. The literature review talked of particular features of dermatological practice. The second issue involved evaluating the quality of health care (Prakash, 2010). The article centered on patient satisfaction, its evaluation, and its influence on health care delivery concerning dermatological and esthetic practice. The study examines personal determinants that impact satisfaction with medical services at the emergency department and compares the factors that influence patient satisfaction compared with their companions. Comparison of article The articles hold similarities with article four due to their focus on the tools like RTLS and their effectiveness on healthcare and patient care. The article was related to the first two articles, focusing on patients wellness and satisfaction. The article also related to article 6, 1, 2, that talks about patients satisfaction. But the present study assesses the unique features of dermatological practice. The article relates with 1, 2, 6, 7, although this article 8 expands the content further by highlighting the determinants that might influence satisfaction, especially medical services. Suggestion for future It was evident from the article that there were benefits in developing patient flow solutions, for they generated positive outcomes. But I would suggest that future research focus on the feedback of patients who utilized the tools and how they impacted them. No suggestions for future research. The information was enough and clear for comprehension. The future study should focus on patient satisfaction at different levels of care such as mental status, physical health, and emotional health—also, patient satisfaction in terms of intervention utilized, whether pharmacological or non-pharmacological intervention. The future study should focus on patient satisfaction on different levels of care such as mental status, physical health, and emotional health. and utilize mixed methods to evaluate all the determinants. Conclusion The tools improve the patients capability to enhance the patients flow. As a result, the healthcare facilities reported a decreased number of patients who visited for long periods and reduced the number of patients leaving without getting seen. The study, therefore, concluded that patient flow solutions such as RTLS have improved patient and staff satisfaction. The study concluded that healthcare givers ensure the patients are well satisfied despite the technical quality of care delivered. The study followed a survey design which proved that 50\% of patient participants expressed their satisfaction with care, 28\% described their dissatisfaction, and 125\% were neither satisfied nor unsatisfied. Patient satisfaction involves an attitude, although it does not determine if the patient will remain loyal to the doctor or the hospital. The study concluded that different factors contribute to the satisfaction with the services for the patients and their companions. From the study, the author reported that it was necessary to consider more precise models that showcase different perspectives of the visitors to the emergency department (Son & Yom 2016). References Asamrew, N., Endris, A. A., & Tadesse, M.(2020). Level of Patient Satisfaction with Inpatient Services and Its Determinants: A Study of a Specialized Hospital In Ethiopia. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jeph/2020/2473469/ sheim, A., Nilsen, S. M., Carlsen, F., Næss-Pleym, L. E., Uleberg, O., Dale, J., et al. (2019). The Effect of Emergency Department Delays on 30-day Mortality in Central Norway. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31135613/ Boehm, L., & Petty, K. (2016). The Rise of the Healthcare Chief Experience Officer. https://vocera.com/sites/default/files/resources/CXO_Survey_2016_Report_Vocera_Experience_Innovation_Network.pdf Boulos, M. N., & Berry, G.(2012). Real-time locating systems (RTLS) in healthcare: a condensed primer. Internation Journal of health geographics; 11(25). https://ij-healthgeographics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1476-072X-11-25 Drazen, E., & Rhoads, J. (2011). Using Tracking Tools to Improve Patient Flow in Hospitals. https://www.chcf.org/publication/using-tracking-tools-to-improve-patient-flow-in-hospitals/ Heath, S. (2016). Patient Satisfaction and HCAHPS: What It Means for Providers. https://patientengagementhit.com/features/patient-satisfaction-and-hcahps-what-it-means-for-providers Prakash, B. (2010). Patient Satisfaction. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3047732/ Son, H., & Yom, Y.-H. (2016). Factors influencing satisfaction with emergency department medical service: Patients and their companions perspectives. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jjns.12132 2 Evidence-Based Practice Project Proposal: Evaluation Plan Grand Canyon University NUR-590 August 11th, 2021 Project Setting This RTSL proposed project takes place in a vital access hospital emergency department (ED) that provides care services 24 hours daily and 365 days annually. This proposed facility for implementing the RTSL project includes Phoenix county in rural Arizona and two adjacent counties in rural Arizona. The Expected Outcomes For The Project Proposal After successfully implementing the project, the hospital expects to accomplish specific changes or results, mainly the ED. Since the RTSL project is about streamlining the workflow efficiency at the congested ED, the focus is benefiting stranded patients. The particular emphasis is enhancing the automation of the admission and discharge system. Therefore, the projects expected outcomes are; eliminated delays due to shortened waiting time, reduced number of people leaving without being treated, increased revenue collection from the ED unit, and high patient satisfaction scores. These outcomes are aligned with the objectives and goals of the project of delivering quality healthcare services to every patient. Data Collection Tools and One Data Collection Tool Effective For The Research Design Since the selected research design is qualitative, the potential data collection tools are non-participant observations, informal conversational interviews, and observational process mapping (De Freitas et al., 2020). However, the best data collection tool effective for this research design is observational process mapping. This effectiveness is because, at the ED, one can observe the clinical pathway firsthand to note patients experiences while mapping the path to check areas that need improvements to ensure complete patient satisfaction. The observational process mapping employs direct observations to track process phases like ED patient activities, delays, admission decisions, and what happens to the patient. The map portrays the current form of the ED patient process and gets developed when patients experience the process (De Freitas et al., 2020). Thus, this mapping method depends on patient experience rather than perception or assumptions; therefore, making it a valid, reliable, and applicable tool. Furthermore, during the mapping process, the presentation of different details may emerge. A high-level map will portray only the primary general steps in the process. De Freitas et al., (2020) reveal that a medium-level map presents great or maintained process steps, while a low-level map presents minute details of all stages. For instance, the patient car park lots, the patient seats in the waiting bay. A Statistical Test For The Project The selected statistical test for the project is the t-test. This statistical test as one type of inferential statistic determines the major difference between the means of two groups, which share particular features (Xu et al., 2017). In this project, the two groups are patients being admitted and discharged using the manual system and the other group using the automated system. Using the observational process mapping tool, it becomes easy to determine the differences using the t-test since the patient delays and admission activities for the two groups are closely noted and identified. In this qualitative research design, the data set recorded as the outcome from manual and automatic systems would follow a normal distribution (Xu et al., 2017). Thus, a t-test serves as a hypothesis testing tool, enabling testing an assumption that applies to the ED populations challenges. Methods Applicable To Observational Process Mapping Group interviews, discovery workshops, direct work observation, and analysis of existing documentation are methods applicable to observational process mapping. Through group interviews, the mapping technique becomes reliable because the content of the process map is straightforward. Thus, a small sample of project participants will create a focused environment that helps collect necessary information via direct questioning of group members. Discovery workshops support the mapping tool when gaining consensus or buy-in from participants (ODonovan et al., 2020). Generally, discovery workshops give comfort and engagement to the participants to acquire or capture the needed content for study. Direct work observation becomes more efficient in ED, where the activities such as admission and discharge run manually. The method helps to oversee and observe tasks in real-time. For instance, in the ED, an observer observes the delays caused by using a manual system in entering, storing, and retrieving patient data. As a result of this observation, implementing the automated system guarantees better results since every patient admission process becomes computerized, and the workflow moves smoothly and rapidly. The Outcomes Measurement and Evaluation The outcome measurement and evaluation will be through interviews and focus groups based on the observational process mapping tool. Interviews conducted under controlled conditions with individuals or groups of people explore complex problems. Also, these interviews may be structured and performed with an unstructured set of questions asked in an open-ended approach. Similarly, tape-record interviews help measure and evaluate the outcomes since participants can recall a vital incident and describe the changes in detail (ODonovan et al., 2020). When used to measure and assess outcomes, focus groups involve discussing ideas and insights to respond to open-ended questions of the researcher. Strategies To Take If Outcomes Do Not Provide Expected Results Since the research methodology, mainly in the discussion part, leads to unexpected findings or results, the best strategies to undertake are performing a detailed literature review, re-examining the research method and data again, and discussing with other Subject Matter Experts (SME) to explain why (Mancini & Marek, 2017). Also, acknowledging the research limitations, adequate preparation is critical because it allows a researcher to do things differently once given another opportunity to re-do the research. The Plans To Maintain, Extend, Revise, And Discontinue The Project The joint plans explain how the RTSL solution fits into the hospitals ED, specifying benchmarks for success and giving comprehensive details for stakeholders to make funding decisions for project maintenance, extension, or review for critical improvements. The first plan of explaining the solutions fitness will cover vital areas such as adaptability/responsiveness to operational changes. This solution must adapt and respond to ED changes while maintaining fidelity to the core components. Similarly, there is a need to set up an effective program leadership competence in giving details and benchmark specifications (Goodman & Steckler, 2019). This leadership will use shared skills and critical strategies for effective program maintenance, extension, or discontinuation. References De Freitas, L., Goodacre, S., OHara, R., Thokala, P., & Hariharan, S. (2020). Qualitative exploration of patient flow in a Caribbean emergency department. BMJ open, 10(12), e041422. Goodman, R. M., & Steckler, A. B. (2019). A model for the institutionalization of health promotion programs. Family and Community Health, 11, 63–78 Mancini, L.I. & Marek, J.A. (2017). Sustaining community-based programs for families: Conceptualization and measurement. Family Relations, 53, 339-347. ODonovan, R., Van Dun, D., & McAuliffe, E. (2020). Measuring psychological safety in healthcare teams: developing an observational measure to complement survey methods. BMC medical research methodology, 20(1), 1-17. Xu, M., Fralick, D., Zheng, J. Z., Wang, B., Tu, X. M., & Feng, C. (2017). The differences and similarities between the two-sample t-test and paired t-test. Shanghai archives of psychiatry, 29(3), 184. APA Writing Checklist Use this document as a checklist for each paper you will write throughout your GCU graduate program. Follow specific instructions indicated in the assignment and use this checklist to help ensure correct grammar and APA formatting. Refer to the APA resources available in the GCU Library and Student Success Center. ☒ APA paper template (located in the Student Success Center/Writing Center) is utilized for the correct format of the paper. APA style is applied, and format is correct throughout. ☒ The title page is present. APA format is applied correctly. There are no errors. ☒ The introduction is present. APA format is applied correctly. There are no errors. ☒ Topic is well defined. ☒ Strong thesis statement is included in the introduction of the paper. ☒ The thesis statement is consistently threaded throughout the paper and included in the conclusion. ☒ Paragraph development: Each paragraph has an introductory statement, two or three sentences as the body of the paragraph, and a transition sentence to facilitate the flow of information. The sections of the main body are organized to reflect the main points of the author. APA format is applied correctly. There are no errors. ☒ All sources are cited. APA style and format are correctly applied and are free from error. ☒ Sources are completely and correctly documented on a References page, as appropriate to assignment and APA style, and format is free of error. Scholarly Resources: Scholarly resources are written with a focus on a specific subject discipline and usually written by an expert in the same subject field. Scholarly resources are written for an academic audience. Examples of Scholarly Resources include: Academic journals, books written by experts in a field, and formally published encyclopedias and dictionaries. Peer-Reviewed Journals: Peer-reviewed journals are evaluated prior to publication by experts in the journal’s subject discipline. This process ensures that the articles published within the journal are academically rigorous and meet the required expectations of an article in that subject discipline. Empirical Journal Article: This type of scholarly resource is a subset of scholarly articles that reports the original finding of an observational or experimental research study. Common aspects found within an empirical article include: literature review, methodology, results, and discussion. Adapted from Evaluating Resources: Defining Scholarly Resources, located in Research Guides in the GCU Library. ☒ The writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English. Utilize writing resources such as Grammarly, LopesWrite report, and ThinkingStorm to check your writing.