Fluent Essays

Page 1 of 1 Hooghe, M., Meeusen, C., & Quintelier, E. (2012). The impact of education and Intergroup friendship on the development of Ethnocentrism. a Latent growth curve model analysis of a Five-Year panel study AMONG Belgian LATE ADOLESCENTS. European Sociological Review, 29(6), 1109–1121. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcs086  Jonsson, R. (2014).  Boys’ anti-school culture? Narratives and school practices . Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 45(3), 276–292. Retrieved from the AnthroSource database. Must use the above articles Jonsson is the main article and the paper should be based off of. In the Final Research Paper, you will · Describe an aspect of your own culture from an etic (outsider’s) perspective in Part I of the paper. · Describe an aspect of another culture from an emic (insider’s) perspective in Part II of the paper. · Apply cultural relativism in order to examine misconceptions about culture that may occur due to ethnocentrism. · Keep the distinction between cultural relativism and moral relativism in mind as you write your final paper. · Even if you do not personally agree with a cultural practice, explain how the practice makes sense in its cultural context. · Avoid opinionated or judgmental language in your paper. · Analyze your chosen aspect in terms of how it developed as part of a social system within both your culture and another culture. · Analyze your chosen aspect in terms of its purpose as part of a social system both within your own culture and another culture. The Final Research Paper · Must be five to six double-spaced pages in length (excluding title page and references page, meaning it will be seven to eight pages total), and formatted according to  APA Style (Links to an external site.) as outlined in the Writing Center’s  APA Formatting for Microsoft Word (Links to an external site.) resource. · Must include a separate title page with the following: · Title of paper · Student’s name · Name of institution (University of Arizona Global Campus) · Course name and number · Instructor’s name · Date submitted · Must utilize academic voice. See the  Academic Voice (Links to an external site.)resource for additional guidance. · Must include an introduction and conclusion paragraph. Your introduction paragraph needs to end with a clear thesis statement that indicates the purpose of your paper. · For assistance on writing  Introductions & Conclusions (Links to an external site.) as well as  Writing a Thesis Statement (Links to an external site.), refer to the Writing Center resources. · Must include at least one full-text scholarly resource ideally from the University of Arizona Global Campus Library in addition to the textbook, the Miner article, and the article chosen from the  List of Topics (Links to an external site.) in Part II of the Week 3 assignment. · The  Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources (Links to an external site.)table offers additional guidance on appropriate source types. If you have questions about whether a specific source is appropriate for this assignment, please contact your instructor. Your instructor has the final say about the appropriateness of a specific source for a particular assignment. · To assist you in completing the research required for this assignment, view  The University of Arizona Global Campus Library Quick ‘n’ Dirty (Links to an external site.) tutorial, which introduces the University of Arizona Global Campus Library and the research process, and provides some library search tips. · Must document any information used from sources in APA Style as outlined in the Writing Center’s  APA: Citing Within Your Paper (Links to an external site.) guide. · Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA Style as outlined in the Writing Center. See the  APA: Formatting Your References List (Links to an external site.) resource in the Writing Center for specifications. Helpful Tips: ANT101 Week 5 Final Paper Checklist Introduction Write an introductory paragraph that:  Sets up your topic, previews and summarizes the analysis you will present in the body of the paper. Everything covered in your paper should relate back to the introduction and thesis statement.  Ends with a thesis statement that clearly states what the main point of your paper will be.  Draw from what you learned while identifying thesis statements in the Week Two Locating Scholarly Resources assignment to help you craft your own thesis statement.  Review your instructor’s feedback on your thesis statement from your Week Three Summarize Your Sources for the Final Research Paper assignment. Part I Write two- to two-and-a-half pages that:  Describes an aspect of your own culture from an etic perspective. You chose this aspect of culture on the Week 3 Worksheet assignment. You can describe American culture in general or you can describe an American subculture, such as a specific geographical group (e.g., New Yorkers), a particular ethnicity (e.g., African Americans), or an age- related category of Americans (e.g., millennials).  Uses the article by Miner to guide your own description. How would an anthropologist describe the topic you have chosen?  Uses the textbook.  Uses at least one reliable source to support your analysis. Review the ANT101: Evaluating Sources tutorial from the Ashford Library for help choosing a reliable source.  Uses in-text citations every time you include information you learned from one of your sources. Review the In-Text Citation Guide for help with this.  Demonstrates a culturally relativistic perspective. Do not use opinionated or judgmental language. https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/454eb6af-4088-48b3-9eea-78f5bdc99eb2/1/ANT101\%20Evaluating\%20Sources.zip/story_html5.html https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/454eb6af-4088-48b3-9eea-78f5bdc99eb2/1/ANT101\%20Evaluating\%20Sources.zip/story_html5.html http://bpiwritingcenter.prod.acquia-sites.com/citing-within-your-paper Part II Write two- to two-and-a-half pages that:  Describes an aspect of another culture from an emic perspective. You chose this aspect of culture on the Week 3 Worksheet assignment and you were assigned a particular article based on the List of Topics.  Uses the assigned article to guide your description.  Uses in-text citations every time you include information you learned from one of your sources. Review the In-Text Citation Guide for help with this.  Demonstrates a culturally relativistic perspective. Do not use opinionated or judgmental language. Conclusion Write a concluding paragraph that:  Reinforces your thesis.  Summarizes and ties together your main points for the reader.  Incorporates some of your self-reflexive analysis from the Journal entry you created in Week 4. https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/58554f49-6540-43c9-b873-025d5bf08ce9/1/ANT101_List\%20_of_Topics.pdf http://bpiwritingcenter.prod.acquia-sites.com/citing-within-your-paper Education in Perspective Jane Student University of Arizona Global Campus ANT101: Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Instructor Smith January 1, 2021 The following is an example of a title page for this paper. You can use this as a model to help you create your own title page. List your sources in alphabetical order by the author’s last name. Cultural relativism tells us that we must examine cultural practices within their cultural contexts, seeking to understand cultural practices from the perspective of those who take part in them. It is always difficult to understand another culture from an emic perspective, and there is an ethnocentric tendency to favor your own culture, viewing it as superior to others. In order to overcome this tendency toward ethnocentrism, it is helpful to change your perspective, assuming an outsider’s view toward your own culture and taking on an insider’s perspective toward another culture. Over the course of this paper, I will examine an aspect of my own culture through an etic lens in order to gain the perspective of an outsider, and I will examine an aspect of another culture from an insider’s perspective in order to become more familiar with the motivations behind this practice. Specifically, I will examine the state of higher education in America and discuss anti-school culture among boys in Sweden to show that what Americans consider “normal” is unusual in a wider context, and to examine how cultural narratives are perpetuated and how they can negatively affect student performance. In both cases, culturally based expectations are treated as the norm and often go unquestioned. The following is an example of an introduction for this paper. You can use this as a model to help you write your own introduction, but you can’t use this exact introduction. End your introduction with a thesis statement that sets up what you will cover in the body of the paper and explains the purpose of your paper. Helpful tip: Use the introduction to set up the major concepts and topics that will be covered in the paper. Part I In this section, I will examine the state of higher education in America from an etic perspective. As Crapo (2013) describes it, “etic models invariably describe each culture in ways that seem alien to its own participants but that facilitate comparisons between cultures and the discovery of universal principles in the structure and functioning of cultures” (p.27). In his seminal article entitled Body Ritual among the Nacirema, Miner (1956) describes aspects of the “Nacirema” culture from an etic perspective, allowing the reader to gradually realize that the Nacirema are Americans. It is helpful to examine American culture from an etic perspective in order to step outside our own experience as enculturated members of this society. From an etic perspective, American practices probably seem just as strange or unusual to outsiders as other cultural practices sometimes appear to us before we understand the cultural context behind them. The following is an example of how to start Part I of this paper. You can use this as a model to help you write your own paper, but you cannot use this exact phrasing. Begin this section with a discussion of what the term etic means and why it is important to be able to take this perspective. Then apply an etic perspective to the aspect of culture you have chosen to discuss. Please note that this example is shorter than what is required for your final paper and the margins are wider to allow for comments. Include a section heading here. Set up a quotation with a signal phrase, enclose it within quotation marks, and include a citation and page number. Include a citation every time you paraphrase information that you have learned from your sources. The majority of information that you present in your paper should be paraphrased (rather than quoted) in order to show your understanding of the material. Introduce your topic in the first sentence. Examining higher education in America from an etic perspective is instructive. American colleges and universities are considered some of the best in the world; however, American students often have to take on staggering debt in a bid to achieve the “American dream” (U.S. Department of Education, 2012). The total amount of student loan debt in America is approaching $1.2 trillion (Chopra, 2014). The average graduate in 2014 had approximately $33,000 in student loan debt, leaving many students hesitant to take on other large debts, such as mortgages (Izzo, 2014). If the trends continue the way the U.S. Department of Education (2012) has predicted, by 2016, the cost to attend a public college will have more than doubled over the past fifteen years. Around the rest of the world, students protest tuition increases that might appear miniscule to Americans. In London, thousands of protesters marched against tuition increases in England, which would be capped at a maximum of £9,000 per year (or around $14,500) (BBC, 2011). Recently, Germany decided to make higher education free to all students (O’Shaughnessy, 2014). Previously, fees were quite affordable at around $630 per semester (O’Shaughnessy, 2014). While Americans enjoy high quality education, the amount of debt they must incur leaves many critical of the higher education system. Even American President Obama noted that colleges should find ways to reduce costs (Hudson, 2014). Cultural outsiders, especially Germans, might very well conclude that their own system of higher education is preferable, and many would likely be surprised at the lack of protests and activism among American college students. Remember to include a full reference entry at the end of your paper for each source you have cited in this section. Use reputable statistics and/or scholarly sources to support your assertions. You only need one source in addition to the textbook and the Miner article for this section, but you can include more if you would like to do so. It is okay to occasionally use reputable news sources to refer to current events. Avoid opinion or editorial pieces, however, and focus on reports of factual information. Examine how outsiders might view this aspect of American culture. Part II In this section, I will examine the cultural narratives that negatively affect school performance among boys in Sweden. As Crapo (2013) describes it, “An emic description or analysis—that is, an insider’s or native’s meaningful account—may be written for outsiders but portrays a culture and its meanings as the insider understands it” (p.27). In his article, Boys’ Anti-school culture? Narratives and School Practices, Jonsson (2014) conducts an ethnography of two secondary schools in Sweden to better understand boys’ attitudes toward school. Boys are influenced by their peers, teachers, and by stereotypes about how male/female students typically act. There is a danger to assuming that the behavior of boys and girls can be categorized and applied to all members of the same gender, but in terms of overall performance in all subjects, girls out-perform boys in Sweden (Jonsson, 2014). Similar results are seen in America, where the performance gap is most pronounced in language courses and smallest in math courses (Voyer and Voyer, 2014). Evidence suggests that, in America, there are deeply held stereotypes The following is an example of how to start Part II of this paper. You can use this as a model to help you write your own paper, but you cannot use this exact phrasing. Begin this section with a discussion of what the term emic means and why it is important to be able to take this perspective. Then apply an emic perspective to the aspect of culture you have chosen to discuss. Please note that this example is shorter than what is required for your final paper and the margins are wider to allow for comments. Include a section heading here. Introduce your topic in the first sentence. Introduce the source you are using in this section. Include an in-text citation every time you draw upon information that you learned from your source. Remember, you do not need to do outside research for this section. If you do, make sure to use reputable scholarly sources. regarding the superiority of boys in math, such that teachers, students, and parents all believe that boys are inherently better than girls at math, even though recent studies show that girls and boys perform similarly in math, with girls even out- performing boys in some recent studies (Lindberg, Shibley Hyde, and Petersen, 2010; Voyer & Voyer, 2014). It is only recently that this gender-based gap in math performance has closed, indicating that stereotypes and cultural narratives can have a strong role in influencing school performance. Conversely, in Sweden, Jonsson (2014) investigated the cultural narratives and stereotypes about boys that can negatively affect their performance in school. Jonsson argues that there is a “master narrative” that boys in Sweden draw upon which indicates how they ought to act in order to be perceived as cool and popular. Working hard in school and getting good grades does not fit with the rowdy, independent, and rebellious traits that this narrative promotes. This cultural narrative is constructed and reproduced within individual schools, and stereotypical characters emerge, such as the “relaxed, cool, and rowdy boy” and the “ambitious school girl” (Jonsson, 2014, p.278). These stereotypes are reinforced and largely unchallenged, even when students do not fit into these one- dimensional characterizations. Good students are characterized as doormats who are quiet, well-behaved, subservient, and more likely to be female. Some of the boys Jonsson (2014) interviewed noted that they were not brown nosers, and so they, “are unable to achieve higher grades [...and] there is no point in studying more than they already do” (p.287). From their perspective, they simply do not embody the right Examine the issue as it is experienced by cultural insiders. It can be helpful to introduce a comparison to American culture to make your point, but make sure the majority of this section focuses on the culture you have chosen to discuss. characteristics to be good students, so there is no point in even trying. Jonsson (2014) also tells the story of Daniel, who is seen as a rule-breaker and a poor student. Daniel notes that he is often summoned to the principal’s office and singled out for questioning. His classmates recognize that he is a “rowdy boy,” but it doesn’t seem to gain him friends or popularity as the master narrative would suggest. His classroom disruptions instead seem to give him an excuse for poor performance in school; he just doesn’t care to conform to the rules. Although boys and girls are not homogeneous groups, cultural stereotypes play a role in socializing them into certain roles, normalizing certain behaviors to the point where even teachers expect different behaviors based on the student’s gender. Students both conform to and do not conform to this narrative, and students’ behavior is sometimes contextualized within the expected role for the student, as Daniel’s treatment by authority figures seems to reinforce his negative behavior. Although many boys may fit into the stereotype of the “rowdy boy,” from their perspectives, there are a variety of reasons to behave this way and sometimes even conflicting desires to both do well in school and also not be seen as a “doormat” or “brown noser” by their peers. Remember to include a full reference entry at the end of your paper for each source you have cited in this section. As shown throughout this paper, anthropology provides us with several tools that can be used to overcome ethnocentrism. In approaching cultures from a perspective of cultural relativism, we gain an understanding of the reasoning behind different cultural practices while striving not to impose our own judgments or opinions. In taking an etic perspective on your own culture, it is possible to gain an outsider’s view on practices that are deeply ingrained in our enculturation, practices that often seem “normal” and “right” when compared to other cultures. In examining higher education in America from an etic perspective, it is possible to see the strengths and weaknesses specific to the American educational system, and it allows us to question and critically examine this system based on the similarities and differences that exist between our own and other educational systems. Similarly, taking an emic perspective on anti- school culture among boys in Sweden helps us to see how cultural context and cultural narratives affect education. Examining the problems found in other educational systems can help us to better understand the cultural narratives, stereotypes, and underlying assumptions that operate in our own educational system, and help us to see how our problems are both similar and different to those found in other cultures. Taking an etic perspective on your own culture and an emic perspective on another culture allows you to flip your viewpoint in order to counteract deeply held beliefs about what is “normal” and what is “other.” The following is an example of a conclusion for this paper. You can use this as a model to help you write your own conclusion, but you cannot use this exact conclusion. Helpful Tip: Use the conclusion to reiterate the major concepts and topics that were first brought up in the introduction and then covered in body of the paper. Provide a brief, self-reflexive analysis. Make sure all parts of the paper are connected. References BBC. (2011, November 9) Thousands march in student protest over university fees. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-15646709 Chopra, R. (2013, July 17). Student debt swells, federal loans now top a trillion. Retrieved from http://www.consumerfinance.gov/newsroom/student-debt-swells-federal-loans-now-top-a- trillion/ Crapo, R. H. (2013). Cultural anthropology [Electronic version]. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/ Hudson, D. (2014, June 9). President Obama on student loan debt: “No hardworking young person should be priced out of higher education.” Retrieved from http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2014/06/09/president-obama-student-loan-debt-no- hardworking-young-person-should-be-priced-out-h Izzo, P. (2014, May 16). Congratulations to class of 2014, most indebted ever. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2014/05/16/congatulations-to- class-of-2014-the-most-indebted-ever/ Jonsson, R. (2014). Boys anti-school culture? Narratives and school practices. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 45 (3), 276-292. Retrieved from the AnthroSource database. Lindberg, S.M., Shibley Hyde, J., & Petersen, J.L. (2010). New Trends in gender and mathematics performance: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 136(6), 1123-1135. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3057475/ The following is an example of a references page for this paper. You can use this as a model to help you write your own references page. List your sources in alphabetical order by the author’s last name. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-15646709 http://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2014/05/16/congatulations-to-class-of-2014-the-most-indebted-ever/ http://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2014/05/16/congatulations-to-class-of-2014-the-most-indebted-ever/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3057475/ Miner, H. (1956). Body ritual among the Nacirema. American Anthropologist, 58(3), 503–507. Retrieved from https://www.msu.edu/~jdowell/miner.html O’Shaunessy, L. (2014, October 3). Where to get a free college degree. Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/news/get-a-free-college-degree-passport-required/ U.S. Department of Education. (2012). Federal student aid strategic plan FY 2012-2016. Retrieved from http://federalstudentaid.ed.gov/static/gw/docs/FiveYearPlan_2012.pdf Voyer, D., & Voyer, S.D. (2014). Gender differences in scholastic achievement: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 1174-1204. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/bul-a0036620.pdf http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/bul-a0036620.pdf