d5 - English
First, summarize readings separately. Instead of the general format of summarization, I am posing the following questions for each reading: Reading 9 (All the words people throw around): Identify at least two words or concepts from the list provided by the authors. Identify real instances when they were ab/used in a manner that resulted in the denial of racism. Since this this an open forum, I encourage students to not reveal identifying information, unless they feel compelled to do so. Are there words that do not appear in the reading? If you do add a word or concept, make sure to define it. Reading 10 (Are you upholding white supremacy): The reading identifies six scripts that keep racism in place. Can you add to the list? Also, what can we do to undo white supremacy?  Finally, end your first post by asking at least one question that stands out for you after doing the readings.  post should be at least 250 words 2 All the Words People Throw Around One important step toward being an effective racial justice advocate is recognizing that many people bump heads over racial terminology. While it is the case that one person may fundamentally disagree with the argument another person is trying to make, it is also possible for people to simply talk past one another because they are uninformed of the meanings behind the words being used. Becoming conversant in racial terminology can empower you in either scenario. Here, we provide an entry point to the racial lexicon of the contemporary United States in hopes of better equipping you with the means to grapple with not only the semantics of a number of concepts but also why it is important. Given that language, like race, is ever evolving and responds to changing contexts, we do not claim to be exhaustive in our commentary, and we humbly advance that we are not the final word on the matter. There may even be places where you find yourself wanting to contest our analysis—this is your cue to step into the circle and be part of the conversation. We selected words that showcase the contestation and emotional charge of racial politics. We chose concepts that represent phenomena that we think need addressing. We picked terms that many people have probably never heard of but nevertheless represent phenomena that you may have either seen, experienced, or thought about. Lastly, we discuss some words that get debated even among people who are politically allied with one another. We order the terms alphabetically for two reasons: (1) to help make it more referential for you, the reader, and (2) because we believe it is more important for people to know that these concepts are connected and at times co-constitutive than to think about them as ranked in importance. We do, however, provide some organizational logic with the following categories: * Foundational concepts: In order to best grasp what the Black Lives Matter movement and the Movement for Black Lives is all about, you would be well served to understand the weight of these words. * American mythology: There are a few dominant narratives explaining why the United States is so special. We critically examine them. * Common sense revisited: Some words get used so frequently in everyday language that we seldom stop to ask whether we are even using the same definition. Let’s take some time to reflect. * Tools of liberation: We spotlight ideas and instruments with which we can free ourselves and Stay Woke : A Peoples Guide to Making All Black Lives Matter, edited by Tehama Lopez Bunyasi, and Candice Watts Smith, New York University Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/du/detail.action?docID=5839299. Created from du on 2020-06-16 15:55:38. C o p yr ig h t © 2 0 1 9 . N e w Y o rk U n iv e rs ity P re ss . A ll ri g h ts r e se rv e d . enhance the lives of others. * Tools of oppression: We bring attention to ideas and instruments that are used to (a) control, exclude, exploit, ignore, and/or shame human beings on the basis of race, (b) excuse oneself from accountability or intervention, or (c) hinder the uplift of those who are working to get free. * Wisdom of popular culture: We include some of the innovative concepts presented in various forms of media, including the genius of Black Twitter, that help us make sense of the world. * Extra credit: The more you know, the more you grow. You will find that some words fall under multiple categories. We also set in boldface words that are examined throughout the chapter to facilitate your consideration of their connection to one another. Interspersed in the chapter you will find activities and reflection pieces to complete alone or with others. affirmative action common sense revisited 1. Policies that aim to ameliorate disparities between structurally—and historically—contingent identity groups, such as marginalized racial groups and women, in the case of the United States 2. Predecessor to diversity programs and initiatives see also: diversity, reverse discrimination In order to get beyond racism, we must first take account of race. There is no other way. And in order to treat some persons equally, we must treat them differently. We cannot—we dare not—let the Equal Protection Clause perpetuate racial supremacy. —US Supreme Court Justice Harry Blackmun in Regents of University of California v. Bakke (1978) Historically, affirmative action programs were rooted in racial justice.1 In a 1965 speech to the graduates of Howard University, President Lyndon B. Johnson explained that there was a need for programs aimed to dissolve racial inequality. Noting that the social, political, and economic differences seen historically between whites and Blacks “are not racial differences” but “are solely and simply the consequence of ancient brutality, past injustice, and present prejudice,” Johnson was well aware that real policy change had to be made in order to close these gaps. He famously explained, But freedom is not enough. You do not wipe away the scars of centuries by saying: Now Stay Woke : A Peoples Guide to Making All Black Lives Matter, edited by Tehama Lopez Bunyasi, and Candice Watts Smith, New York University Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/du/detail.action?docID=5839299. Created from du on 2020-06-16 15:55:38. C o p yr ig h t © 2 0 1 9 . N e w Y o rk U n iv e rs ity P re ss . A ll ri g h ts r e se rv e d . you are free to go where you want, and do as you desire, and choose the leaders you please. You do not take a person who, for years, has been hobbled by chains and liberate him, bring him up to the starting line of a race and then say, “you are free to compete with all the others,” and still justly believe that you have been completely fair. Thus it is not enough just to open the gates of opportunity. All our citizens must have the ability to walk through those gates. This is the next and the more profound stage of the battle for civil rights. We seek not just freedom but opportunity. We seek not just legal equity but human ability, not just equality as a right and a theory but equality as a fact and equality as a result.2 Assuming that talent is equally distributed across racial groups, we should expect equal outcomes, if indeed equal opportunity is a reality. Affirmative action policies seek to “level the playing field,” or at least to loosen the purse strings of those who allocate jobs, college admissions, and other opportunities to a broader pool of applicants. There is a lot that people get wrong about affirmative action. There are two things that we will address here. First is the idea that affirmative action is synonymous with racial quotas. This is false. Though there was a time when quotas were used, racial quotas were deemed unconstitutional in the 1978 Bakke Supreme Court decision. Second is the notion that affirmative action is a form of reverse discrimination, whereby the merits of whites are discounted in efforts to attain a more diverse institution of higher education, corporation, or government workplace. There is actually a great deal of data that show that whites with mediocre qualifications have not had any major problems in accessing opportunities in any of these realms of life in the United States. But beyond that, we follow the sociologists Michael Omi and Howard Winant, who argue that a policy, program, idea, interaction, or the like is racist if “it creates or reproduces structures of domination based on racial significations and identities.”3 Policies like affirmative action are antiracist in that they have been used to change the structure of the racial hierarchy, aiming only to flatten it rather than to turn it upside down. We should mention, though, there has been a shift in the rationale of affirmative action policies over time. We have gone from considering race as a means of rectifying historical injustices to pursuing a more neoliberal and profit-driven enterprise: diversity. This shift largely came out of the Supreme Court cases like Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) and Gratz v. Bollinger (2003), whereby the majority opinion rationalized that it is important to consider race and ethnicity not because of historical and present-day structural racism but because diversity is a compelling state interest (though it has been argued elsewhere that diversity’s greatest benefit is actually for white people).4 This shift is an important one because these policies, as they exist today, can be helpful, but they can also be implemented in a pernicious way. Justice Sandra Day O’Connor suggested in Grutter that in twenty-five years’ time, the necessity of considering structurally contingent identities should completely dissipate given the alleged progress we’ve seen thus far.5 Whether former Justice O’Connor was naïve or not, someone on the current Supreme Court is surely watching the clock . . . tick tock. Stay Woke : A Peoples Guide to Making All Black Lives Matter, edited by Tehama Lopez Bunyasi, and Candice Watts Smith, New York University Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/du/detail.action?docID=5839299. Created from du on 2020-06-16 15:55:38. C o p yr ig h t © 2 0 1 9 . N e w Y o rk U n iv e rs ity P re ss . A ll ri g h ts r e se rv e d . American dream American mythology, common sense revisited 1. A spouse, house with a white picket fence, 2.5 kids, and a dog 2. The mythological notion that through sheer hard work and perseverance alone, one will attain economic upward mobility in US society see also: meritocracy Dreams—like hopes—can be motivational. However, implicit in the dominant logic of the American dream is the belief that those who move upward do so ruggedly on their own, and those who do not transform from rags to riches lack ingenuity and grit. Both notions are cause for concern. Let’s consider the following caveats. Chances of moving up or down the family income ladder by parents’ income. Note: Data has been adjusted for family size. (Urahn et al., Pursuing the American Dream) First, the American dream does not account for the fact that many people who get a “home run” in life started out on third base. There are data that show that economic upward mobility is actually not as common as many people would believe. That is to say, intergenerational mobility is not as prevalent as we’d like to think it is. For example, this graph shows that the Horatio Alger myth6 applies only to about 4 percent of people (the proportion of people who move from the lowest to the highest quintile of income), while 43 percent of people who are raised by parents in the lowest quintile are likely to remain there as adults. Meanwhile, about the same proportion (40 percent) of those who were raised by those at the top are likely to Stay Woke : A Peoples Guide to Making All Black Lives Matter, edited by Tehama Lopez Bunyasi, and Candice Watts Smith, New York University Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/du/detail.action?docID=5839299. Created from du on 2020-06-16 15:55:38. C o p yr ig h t © 2 0 1 9 . N e w Y o rk U n iv e rs ity P re ss . A ll ri g h ts r e se rv e d . stay there. Another caveat is that you can earn good grades in US schools, sacrifice your life in the US military, pay taxes, and raise your children to love this country and still not be cloaked in the security of the American dream because you have been constructed as “illegal” and thus undeserving. We’ve always heard that one should pull oneself up by one’s bootstraps, but it helps if at least one of your parents is a cobbler. antiracism foundational concept, tool of liberation 1. The practice of dismantling a system marked by white supremacy and anti-Black racism through deliberate action 2. A theory that explains and exposes multiple forms of racism: overt and covert, interpersonal and institutional, historical and present day, persistent and nascent Racism is not the only source of oppression in US society. Sexism, homophobia, Islamophobia, and classism “are all important parts of the webbed package of oppressions internal to U.S. society”; thus, it is unnecessary and unwise to reduce all oppressions to one kind.7 However, following Omi and Winant, we argue that race is a “master category” or fundamental concept that has a hand in structuring many other kinds of oppression.8 By recognizing and exposing the way that white supremacy influences every realm of US society—the economy, politics and political institutions, education, health, the media, the family, religion—as well as other forms of oppression, we become more equipped to strategize ways to dismantle systemic, institutional, and structural racism. Though many people argue that dreaming of utopias is a waste of time, we beg to differ.9 It is only by orienting ourselves and working toward what we believe society should look like (regardless of the known constraints) that we can envision the fulfillment of the transformations that are required to overthrow a racialized social system. Black girl magic tool of liberation, wisdom of popular culture 1. The recognition of the beauty, ability, resourcefulness, and perseverance of Black women in a society marked by anti-Black sexism 2. An effort to highlight the role of Black women in all aspects of US life synonyms: #BlackGirlMagic, #ProfessionalBlackGirl antonym: misogynoir Stay Woke : A Peoples Guide to Making All Black Lives Matter, edited by Tehama Lopez Bunyasi, and Candice Watts Smith, New York University Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/du/detail.action?docID=5839299. Created from du on 2020-06-16 15:55:38. C o p yr ig h t © 2 0 1 9 . N e w Y o rk U n iv e rs ity P re ss . A ll ri g h ts r e se rv e d . see also: intersectionality Started as a hashtag, #BlackGirlsAreMagic, the phrase has evolved and grown through the power of social media and CaShawn Thompson, the woman who developed and popularized the phrase. She explained, “I say ‘magic’ because it’s something that people don’t always understand. . . . Sometimes our [Black women’s] accomplishments might seem to come out of thin air, because a lot of times, the only people supporting us are other black women.”10 The necessity for campaigns like Black Girl Magic and #SayHerName highlights the fact that Black women are often devalued and dehumanized, and generally speaking, their lives do not matter as much as the lives of other Americans do. Thompson’s explanation of why she employs the word “magic” is premised on the notion that Black women are often deemed invisible in US society, despite their pivotal role in it. Theories and paradigms like intersectionality and misogynoir have been key to understanding persistent inequality because they illuminate the ways in which various forms of oppression layer on top of one another to constrain the life chances, opportunity structure, and positive imagery of Black women. Black self-love has always been seen as radical. Despite the challenges posed to Black women, social media messages like #BlackGirlMagic and #ProfessionalBlackGirl serve to unapologetically celebrate Black womanhood. capitalism foundational concept, common sense revisited 1. An economic, political, and ideological system that centers private ownership of the means of production in order to gain profit 2. The idea that the “free” market ought to determine the way that goods are produced and how income and profit is distributed see also: American dream There are different kinds of capitalist systems, but it’s probably more useful here to point out the ways in which capitalism, generally speaking, has served to develop and perpetuate racial inequality. Let’s take a walk down memory lane: “Where would the original accumulation of capital used in industry (in the West) have come from if not the extraction of wealth from colonies, piracy, and the slave trade?”11 Manning Marable plainly explains, “The U.S. state apparatus was created to facilitate the expansion and entrenchment of institutional racism in both slave and nonslaveholding states.”12 If you read the US Constitution closely, you’ll see that not only is it a political document that outlines the distribution of power among the three branches of Stay Woke : A Peoples Guide to Making All Black Lives Matter, edited by Tehama Lopez Bunyasi, and Candice Watts Smith, New York University Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/du/detail.action?docID=5839299. Created from du on 2020-06-16 15:55:38. C o p yr ig h t © 2 0 1 9 . N e w Y o rk U n iv e rs ity P re ss . A ll ri g h ts r e se rv e d . government and between the federal and state governments, but it is also laced with matters of economics and property rights.13 For instance, there is no mention of slavery in the Bill of Rights, but there are several references to using enslaved people for political and economic benefit: counting enslaved people as three-fifths a person for the purposes of taxation and representation (Article 1, Section 2); prevention of interference in the slave trade for two decades (Article 1, Section 9); and the demand to return people who sought to self- emancipate to those who enslaved them (Article 4, Section 2).14 Anti-Black racism and capitalism have worked together over time to shift Blacks from chattel slavery to sharecropping and peonage, from low-wage industrial jobs to attaining lower rates on return on education, from excluding Blacks from a legitimate housing market to exposing a disproportionate number of Blacks to the subprime-mortgage crisis; from convict-leased chain gangs to “factories with fences.”15 Companies can make larger and larger profits by paying people less and less—or nothing if they can. But wait! There’s more! Intersectionality helps us to understand the ways in which Black women, and poor Black women in particular, make up an especially vulnerable group. The tripartite combination of anti-Black racism, sexism, and classism serves to place Black women at the crosshairs of three systems of oppression. With that in consideration, the ultimate emancipation of Black people cannot be complete without a critique of white supremacy, patriarchy, and capitalism. citizenship foundational concept, common sense revisited 1. Formal or legal membership in society that entitles you to rights and privileges outlined by the laws of the land 2. A mutual recognition of full membership in society or treatment as a person of equal dignity and humanity We emphasize two aspects of citizenship—one formal, the other substantive—and three kinds of citizenship rights: civil, political, and social. Formal citizenship—that is, legal membership in society—affords you an array of rights. In the United States, one is granted citizenship by birthright (outlined in the Fourteenth Amendment) or through the process of naturalization. The sociologist Thomas Marshall explains that civil rights are “composed of the rights necessary for individual freedom—liberty of the person, freedom of speech, thought and faith, the right to own property and to conclude valid contracts, and the right to justice”; political rights concern the “right to participate in the exercise of power, as a member of a body invested with political authority or as an elector of the membership of such a body.” Finally, the social element of citizenship rights deals with “the whole range from the right to a modicum of economic welfare and security to the right to share in the full social heritage and to live the life of a civilized being according to the standards prevailing in Stay Woke : A Peoples Guide to Making All Black Lives Matter, edited by Tehama Lopez Bunyasi, and Candice Watts Smith, New York University Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/du/detail.action?docID=5839299. Created from du on 2020-06-16 15:55:38. C o p yr ig h t © 2 0 1 9 . N e w Y o rk U n iv e rs ity P re ss . A ll ri g h ts r e se rv e d . society.” This slate of rights implies that citizenship is not just about relishing in the privilege of membership but also that there are “reciprocal obligations toward the community.”16 These rights are largely understood to be imbued in formal US citizenship, but they are not sufficient for people to experience what Marshall and fellow sociologist Evelyn Nakano Glenn call “substantive citizenship.” Substantive citizenship moves beyond having rights in theory and emphasizes whether people can exercise those rights in practice.17 Though all citizens are ostensibly guaranteed the full rights and privileges of all other citizens, the fact of the matter is that this has not and does not describe the reality of US citizenship. The rally cry #BlackLivesMatter serves to illuminate the fact that though most Black people in the United States are citizens by law, they are not treated as such and thus do not enjoy substantive citizenship. One can easily think of the ways in which Black people are disenfranchised, but there is also the interpersonal aspect of persistent social exclusion from “mainstream” society; this exclusion is well marked by the daily aggregation of microaggressions, the state of being in constant mourning,18 and recognizing that one’s life is, in fact, more vulnerable than one’s average white peers. The history of rights in the United States is neither linear nor necessarily progressive. Many of the rights that people of color and other marginalized communities gained over the years were granted only after the arduous process of demanding them. And still, some rights may be taken away or a full sweep of rights may not be fully granted even after long, arduous fights. For example, the US Supreme Court’s majority decision in Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) requires marriage equality. However, while Americans can marry across or within genders, there are twenty-eight states that still allow for employers to fire lesbian, gay, or transgender people because they are lesbian, gay, or transgender!19 Today, we have to keep a close watch on rights concerning abortion and access to reproductive health, voting, and even the right to protest because, while guaranteed, these are constantly being attacked and, at times, circumvented or even curtailed. co-optation tool of oppression, tool of liberation 1. Taking an idea, disassembling it, reassembling it with original pieces as well as retrofitted ones; giving the modified thing a different name than the original and then claiming originality 2. Appropriation; falsely claiming rights to or innovation of something as one’s own Co-optation can be used for good or for evil. For instance, it is well known that Martin Luther King Jr. famously stated (among many, many, many things), “I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.” Conservatives have suggested that Dr. King, whose legacy we all (partially) know and love, desired a colorblind United States. Agreed. Stay Woke : A Peoples Guide to Making All Black Lives Matter, edited by Tehama Lopez Bunyasi, and Candice Watts Smith, New York University Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/du/detail.action?docID=5839299. Created from du on 2020-06-16 15:55:38. C o p yr ig h t © 2 0 1 9 . N e w Y o rk U n iv e rs ity P re ss . A ll ri g h ts r e se rv e d . We would take Dr. King’s aspiration of colorblindness to mean that one’s life chances are not influenced by one’s racial group membership. But for racial conservatives, being colorblind means that you should pay attention to neither race nor racism. By co-opting Dr. King’s dream, conservatives are able to suggest that people who talk about race are, themselves, racist. Though foolish, this logic often successfully serves to shut down claims of and constructive conversations around race and racism. Indeed, the dominant racial ideology in contemporary US society is colorblind racism. Generally speaking, co-optation usually ends with dominant groups taking, commandeering, or appropriating an idea, concept, aspect of culture, or resistance and then using it against marginalized groups (for the nearly exclusive benefit of the dominant group). But it could also be the case that marginalized people take something from the dominant group and call it their own. In 1857, Chief Justice Roger Taney, on behalf of the Supreme Court of the United States, wrote that Black people had “no rights which the white man was bound to respect.” In the majority decision of Scott v. Sanford, Taney meticulously explained that “We the People” did not mean “all y’all.” But for centuries, Black freedom fighters have co-opted this language of “we,” of “citizenship,” of “equality,” and of “democracy” to broaden the imaginations of their contemporaries and that of future Americans, connecting calls for inclusion to the fulfillment of justice. And in real time, we see today how young, undocumented people who have lived their entire lives in the United States are similarly co- opting the language of the American dream and forcing the nation to dream bigger, more imaginative visions of what it could be. colorblind racism foundational concept, tool of oppression 1. The worldview that suggests that since race should not matter, it does not matter 2. An ideology that insists that “everyone be treated without regard to race, accompanied by a denial of the causes and consequences of racism”20 The consensus among scholars who study racism is that today’s dominant racial ideology is best understood as colorblind.21 Put simply, “colorblind racial ideology creates a façade of racial inclusion by suggesting that in a post–civil rights era, everyone has an equal opportunity to succeed, and if differences in outcomes across racial groups continue to exist, these differences are best explained through culture, natural occurrences, or ‘a little bit’ of residual racism that may still exist due to a few prejudiced individuals.”22 Colorblind racism fuels a racialized social system because it allows, or even requires, people to ignore structural racism and instead focus on individual behavior, while also assuming that society can be likened to a level playing field. The historian Ibram Kendi explains, “If the purpose of racist ideas had always been to silence the antiracist resisters to Stay Woke : A Peoples Guide to Making All Black Lives Matter, edited by Tehama Lopez Bunyasi, and Candice Watts Smith, New York University Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/du/detail.action?docID=5839299. Created from du on 2020-06-16 15:55:38. C o p yr ig h t © 2 0 1 9 . N e w Y o rk U n iv e rs ity P re ss . A ll ri g h ts r e se rv e d . racial discrimination, then the postracial line of attack may have been the most sophisticated silencer to date.”23 Injustice thrives when the illusion of justice is perfected.24 Have you ever said, thought, or heard a friend say the following? * The way to stop discriminating on the basis of race is to stop discriminating on the basis of race.25 * Sure, most people in my neighborhood are of my race, but that’s because birds of a feather flock together. People are just naturally more comfortable with people who look like them. * Racism exists, but it’s mostly just grandmas in Mississippi and Klansmen. * It’s a coincidence that all of my friends are white. * I believe in equal opportunity. That’s why it’s unfair to consider race in admissions or hiring. * All of the Mexican kids sit together. That’s self-segregation. * If Black people worked harder, they would be much better off. Pulling up your bootstraps is key to success in this country. * It’s not that I have white privilege; it’s just that my parents, … 4 Are You Upholding White Supremacy? Are you a racist? No? Great! Are you sure? Few people are willing to raise their hand to provide an affirmative response to this question, but this presents a paradox: why is there such a preponderance of evidence that racism exists, and yet we have so few racists? If you are reading this book, chances are you’re not a card-carrying member of the Ku Klux Klan, the National Alliance, or any other neofascist, anti-Black, anti-Semitic, white supremacist organization. With that said, is it possible, even despite your best intentions, that you may still be contributing to or enabling ongoing racial disparities? It would be a hard pill to swallow if you had to respond “Yes” to this question. Indeed, there are some who would reject the question out of hand. Some people argue that racism doesn’t mean anything anymore because people use the word “too often.” It’s true that describing something as racist has become a common, inaccurately deployed quip, a verbal equivocation, or a default insult. But arguably the word is used frequently because there’s plenty that can be accurately described as such. Maybe we should, in fact, be using the word more often and for a wider array of social, political, and economic processes, phenomena, and outcomes. But maybe we should also be more pointed and more specific about what we mean when we say that someone or something is racist. Let’s ask the question another way, and we’ll give you some nuanced ways to answer: Do you live your day-to-day life in a way that may—intentionally or otherwise—uphold white supremacy? a. Yes, because I’m an overt racist. b. Yes, because I’m a structural racist. c. Yes, because I’m a complicit racist. d. No, I’m an antiracist. Let’s think through these options one by one and perhaps use the process of elimination. Most people have gotten pretty good at pointing out the overt racists in the world. He’s the guy who drove a car into a group of counterprotestors at the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia. She’s the family member at Thanksgiving dinner who makes derogatory remarks about . . . (fill in name of an underrepresented racial group here). Their behavior evinces racial animus, bigotry, and prejudice. Their violence and epithets are interpersonal and, more importantly, individualistic. The structural racists are the Supreme Court justices who have written or concurred with Stay Woke : A Peoples Guide to Making All Black Lives Matter, edited by Tehama Lopez Bunyasi, and Candice Watts Smith, New York University Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/du/detail.action?docID=5839299. Created from du on 2020-06-16 15:56:18. C op yr ig ht © 2 01 9. N ew Y or k U ni ve rs ity P re ss . A ll rig ht s re se rv ed . decisions to dismantle the Voting Rights Act or allow police to pull people over who “look illegal.”1 They are the teachers, principals, and resource officers who discipline children of color more harshly and more frequently than they do white children.2 They are the doctors who are less likely to prescribe certain medicines to or do necessary surgery on Black patients.3 And they are voters who support candidates who disparage whole groups of vulnerable populations on a regular basis in order to garner and maintain the support of people who are racially resentful.4 Their behavior affects others in a structural way, shaping institutions and contributing to patterns of racial disparity. (Let’s also be clear that some people are both overtly and structurally racist.) The complicit racists are people who do absolutely nothing in their day-to-day lives to prevent either overt or structural racists from further enmeshing racial inequality into our society. This group of people may not intentionally work to perpetuate negative stereotypes, support candidates whose policies exacerbate racial inequities, inundate people with microaggressions, or whitesplain, but they are not antiracists either. By latching onto hegemonic ideologies like colorblindness and respectability politics, however, many people across all racial groups enable the perpetuation of white supremacy. They fail to recognize that the lives of white people are more greatly valued by a variety of institutions and that interpersonal racial hostility and prejudice alone cannot fully explain persistent racial disparities. Being a complicit racist is easy because it only calls for you to stay out of the way. Being a complicit racist is easy because it’s business as usual, it’s normal, and almost everyone is doing it. Being a complicit racist is easy because we all have a script in our hands, ready to be recited when something looks suspicious but doesn’t completely raise up our red, that’s- so-racist flags. Staying woke, on the other hand, is a process of developing habits of antiracism, such as vigilance, speaking out, stepping up, using one’s privilege to undermine racism, and broadening your understanding of how racism works. Staying woke means honing your skills to notice when the racial rules of the game are changing, becoming cognizant of the underlying assumptions of dominant racial ideologies, and listening to the ways in which racial grammar evolves so that you can combat new forms of oppression. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight some of the scripts that many of us have learned in order to be good, friendly complicit racists. These scripts are coded as ostensibly progressive, but their purpose is to avert or diminish accusations of racism and to allow people to maintain a humanist image of themselves and of US society. The everyday repetition of these scripts sounds normal and innocuous, but they inadvertently uphold white supremacy. In deconstructing common narratives that are rooted in colorblindness and respectability politics, we hope to get you thinking about how you can intervene in the socially acceptable reproduction of racial inequality. — “It Doesn’t Matter If You’re Black or White or Green or Blue!” Stay Woke : A Peoples Guide to Making All Black Lives Matter, edited by Tehama Lopez Bunyasi, and Candice Watts Smith, New York University Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/du/detail.action?docID=5839299. Created from du on 2020-06-16 15:56:18. C op yr ig ht © 2 01 9. N ew Y or k U ni ve rs ity P re ss . A ll rig ht s re se rv ed . Colorblindness has become the dominant racial ideology in the US (though not the only one), putting us in what the anthropologist Lee Baker calls the “color-blind bind.”5 Sociologists like Ruth Frankenberg explain that a colorblind ideology is a “mode of thinking about race organized around an effort not to ‘see’ or at any rate not to acknowledge race differences,” because this is perceived as the “‘polite’ language of race.”6 A colorblind narrative suggests that we can get rid of the last, lingering vestiges of racial inequality by ignoring race altogether. There are two assumptions here. First, the logic erroneously presumes that there is only a “little bit” of racism left, and second, it suggests that ignoring the problem will solve it. Taken together, these assumptions serve to perpetuate racial inequity because they lead us to falter in addressing the issue for what it is: racial inequity. Though it has become a common belief that being colorblind is best for everyone, colorblindness is actually an evolved form of previous, harmful racial ideologies and attitudes. This ability to transform and appropriate the values of contemporary (middle-class) whites and to discard the parts that would make it irrelevant or too obviously transparent is what makes some people call racism a “scavenger ideology.”7 We have to keep in mind that a racial ideology is simply a story we tell ourselves to explain what we see in this world. So during the “Jim Crow” racism era, people relied on a narrative that suggested that Black folks’ subordinate social, political, and economic status resulted from their inherent inferiority. After Jim Crow was dismantled through civil-rights-era policies—such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968— many whites, arguing that the playing field was now leveled, became indignant over additional race-conscious efforts, such as affirmative action, which sought to close the racial disparities in opportunity. These racially resentful people asserted that if any trace of the racial inequities that were developed during the previous four hundred years still existed, it was because Black people did not live up to their newly presented opportunities to succeed. Today, colorblindness leads people to rely on logic that claims that since race shouldn’t matter, it doesn’t matter; in fact, some believe we would be better off if we just didn’t “see” race altogether. The claim to “not see race” does us all a disservice because race does shape the lives of every living person in the United States. Relatedly, many people on the left claim that “identity politics” is the opposite of colorblindness and thus is harmful because white nationalists use the same identity-based “rationale” as people of color to demand redress for their perceived loss of racial privilege. This logic and argument are lazy and careless. As is often said, when you’re accustomed to privilege, equality feels like oppression. If we shift our perspective from a position of privilege to that of the most marginalized, then we can more easily understand that identity politics is not “just about who you [are], it [is] also about what you could do to confront the oppression you [are] facing.” The women who founded the Combahee River Collective, a Black feminist organization in the late 1970s, used the term “identity politics” to highlight the fact that “Black women’s social positions made them disproportionately susceptible to the ravages of capitalism, including poverty, illness, violence, sexual assault, and inadequate healthcare and housing, to name only the most obvious.”8 Though identity politics is yet another concept co-opted and abused to maintain white supremacy, its originators conceived of it as a means not only to bring attention to Stay Woke : A Peoples Guide to Making All Black Lives Matter, edited by Tehama Lopez Bunyasi, and Candice Watts Smith, New York University Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/du/detail.action?docID=5839299. Created from du on 2020-06-16 15:56:18. C op yr ig ht © 2 01 9. N ew Y or k U ni ve rs ity P re ss . A ll rig ht s re se rv ed . interlocking sets of oppression but also to respond to them politically and radically. In order to buck the colorblind trend, you need not make essentialist assumptions about a person on the basis of the person’s race. It is fine to notice people’s race (along with other aspects of their identity, such as gender), if you plan to use that recognition for good—for compassion, empathy, or consideration of how a person might have to navigate a particular space or situation differently or to remedy the effects of racism. Besides, it’s annoying, hurtful, and psychologically taxing to hear people say, “I didn’t even notice you were Black.” Ironically, straight-up overt racists admit to seeing race, but they just do so to actively pursue injustice or violence or to respond apathetically to injustice or violence. But those who stay woke know that simply saying nothing and doing nothing effectively makes you part of the problem, rather than part of the solution. — “I Voted for Obama” The 2008 and 2012 elections of Barack Obama were objectively historic: Obama was the first self-identified Black person elected to the United States presidency. The first time around, the New York Times’ front page declared, “Racial Barrier Falls in Heavy Turnout.” Another headline suggested, “Change Has Come.” A below-the-fold article in the Washington Post claimed, “America’s History Gives Way to Its Future.” People were excited. Jessie Jackson was crying. Tehama was crying—this guy was her professor for goodness sake! Everyone was crying! People were excited to divulge what had typically been taboo— publicly announcing the way one filled out one’s secret ballot: “I voted for Obama.” For many people, “I voted for Obama” denoted that they helped to usher in what many believed would be a postracial reality. But “I voted / campaigned / donated to / knocked on doors for Obama” has also become currency that can be cashed in when accusations of racism arise. “I voted for Obama” is the twenty-first-century version of “I marched with Dr. King” or “My friend/neighbor/cousin-in-law is Black.” Here’s the thing: none of these things means that you are antiracist. Voting for a political party or candidate that explicitly aims to reduce inequality is a step in the right direction, but it is not sufficient to dismantle an embedded system of racism. You know who else voted for Obama? Jason Kessler, the guy who organized the Unite the Right protest in Charlottesville, Virginia, which not only gathered modern-day Nazis, white nationalists, and racist internet trolls but also led to the murder of Heather Heyer and the injuries of nineteen other people and provided the forty-fifth president the opportunity to double down on the bullshit idea that there was “blame on both sides.” All said, your vote is a blunt instrument to translate your preferences into political action. What people loved (or hated) about Obama was that he was a symbol of racial progress. Here’s the thing about Obama. He was the safest Black candidate the Democratic Party could add to an otherwise-curated lineup of primary candidates. He’s a Black man with a biracial heritage and an Ivy League background; he was a third-culture kid9 who can code switch, a skill that he often used to speak in front of Black audiences with an authentically Black tone Stay Woke : A Peoples Guide to Making All Black Lives Matter, edited by Tehama Lopez Bunyasi, and Candice Watts Smith, New York University Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/du/detail.action?docID=5839299. Created from du on 2020-06-16 15:56:18. C op yr ig ht © 2 01 9. N ew Y or k U ni ve rs ity P re ss . A ll rig ht s re se rv ed . of voice but with messages of respectability politics. He has light-skinned privilege in a society where colorism is rampant. In experiments, researchers show that darker-skinned versions of Obama received much less support from white Americans.10 Though he did not just stroll into the White House, he did have middle-class privilege and the cultural currency of his white family, which he cashed in regularly on the campaign trail. He never made any promises on the campaign trail to address structural racism; he didn’t even mention racism until he was forced to.11 While Obama did take steps to change policies and create initiatives aimed to help people of color and sometimes spoke eloquently on racial issues, racial wealth inequality actually increased under his presidency, and his words of racial uplift were often laced with messages of Black blame.12 We have to be careful how we talk about racism and also racial progress because the words, rationales, and concepts that political liberals and racial progressives use often get co- opted by racial conservatives. Case in point: while many white liberals proxy “I voted for Obama” to mean “I cannot be racist,” racial conservatives have co-opted the election of Obama to argue that we live in a postracial society. If Obama, a Black man who was raised in a female-headed household, could become president, neoconservative logic leads us to the notion that it’s quite obvious that structural racism is not what prevents Blacks and other people of color from earning the same life chances and enjoying the same opportunities as whites. Stay Woke : A Peoples Guide to Making All Black Lives Matter, edited by Tehama Lopez Bunyasi, and Candice Watts Smith, New York University Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/du/detail.action?docID=5839299. Created from du on 2020-06-16 15:56:18. C op yr ig ht © 2 01 9. N ew Y or k U ni ve rs ity P re ss . A ll rig ht s re se rv ed . In the run-up to the 2008 election, the artist Ray Noland was commissioned by Obama for America to create posters for the presidential campaign. Noland says, “After numerous talks with Director of New Media, Scott Goodstein, I realized the campaign had an issue with the way I presented Barack Obama’s image. From their comments, I felt they thought I made [Obama] look ‘too black.’” After parting ways with the official campaign, Noland continued to create artwork supporting Obama’s run. In creating this poster, Noland presents Obama as “unapologetically brown and at times jet black, to stress the point” of his racial identity. (Designed by Ray Noland; first-edition printing, 2006, by Steve Walters, Screwball Press, Chicago; second-edition printing, 2007, at Crosshair, Chicago; quotations from email correspondence, September 2, 2018) Stay Woke : A Peoples Guide to Making All Black Lives Matter, edited by Tehama Lopez Bunyasi, and Candice Watts Smith, New York University Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/du/detail.action?docID=5839299. Created from du on 2020-06-16 15:56:18. C op yr ig ht © 2 01 9. N ew Y or k U ni ve rs ity P re ss . A ll rig ht s re se rv ed . While many people understood Barack Obama’s election as being made possible by a legacy of struggle for freedom and equality, as depicted in this cartoon, it was by no means the culmination of their efforts. We must continue to build on their victories. (Cartoon by Matt Wuerker) Antiracists have to resist not one but three sets of logic that uphold a society marked by a racial hierarchy: that of well-meaning complicit racists, that of structural racists, and that of overtly racist conservatives—all of whom rely on Obama’s election either to suggest that individuals should be absolved from the fact that they enjoy white privilege or to assert that large-scale policies to eradicate racial disparities need not be developed because the United States in toto became postracial on November 9, 2008. An antiracist is aware of the misuse and abuse of political symbols and works instead to produce tangible outcomes that produce racial equity. — “I Did Not Vote for Trump” There are plenty of people who honestly believe that their choice to support a candidate who Stay Woke : A Peoples Guide to Making All Black Lives Matter, edited by Tehama Lopez Bunyasi, and Candice Watts Smith, New York University Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/du/detail.action?docID=5839299. Created from du on 2020-06-16 15:56:18. C op yr ig ht © 2 01 9. N ew Y or k U ni ve rs ity P re ss . A ll rig ht s re se rv ed . claimed that he could shoot a person in public and not lose any votes, declared that most Mexican immigrants are rapists who bring drugs into the United States, mocked people with disabilities, asserted that if time travel were possible, he would still intern Japanese citizens, argued that Muslims should be banned from the United States, promised to appoint Supreme Court justices who would overturn marriage equality and rights to access abortion services, believes that Black people have “nothing to lose,” and admitted that he likes to grab women “by the pussy” was not in and of itself a choice to support the oppression of whole groups of people. A number of these people will even say they voted for him begrudgingly; embarrassed by his crude immorality, they clung to something redemptive they saw in his brash speech, his late-in-life cozying up to the religious right, his eight-year utter revulsion of Barack Obama, or the fact that he wasn’t Hillary Clinton. Then there are the hardcore Trump voters with no reservations, no qualms, no disclaimers—this was their guy, the man they’ve been waiting for their entire lives, MAGA all the way. Are these two groups of people exactly the same? No. Did they cast their one and only ballot for the same man? Absolutely. The Women’s March, the largest single day of protest in US history, was organized by a cadre of seasoned activists. Galvanized to speak on issues of political, social, and economic inequity, millions of people across all seven continents protested on January 21, 2017, the day after Trump’s inauguration. But it will require persistent activism and the regular exercise of the franchise to upend the structural problems that participants sought to highlight. (Photo by Candis Watts Smith) Meanwhile, there are also plenty of liberals who in their efforts to distance themselves from the so-called Basket of Deplorables13 pridefully note that they did not vote for Trump but in the very next breath suggest that during the next time around (e.g., 2018 midterm elections and later in 2020), Americans, generally speaking, and the candidates of the Democratic Party, more specifically, should focus more on the plight of poor and working- class white people, whose primary concerns include job loss due to globalization, a sense of vulnerability due to the increasing racial diversity of US demographics, and increased crime Stay Woke : A Peoples Guide to Making All Black Lives Matter, edited by Tehama Lopez Bunyasi, and Candice Watts Smith, New York University Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/du/detail.action?docID=5839299. Created from du on 2020-06-16 15:56:18. C op yr ig ht © 2 01 9. N ew Y or k U ni ve rs ity P re ss . A ll rig ht s re se rv ed . and drug addiction that comes from feelings of disenfranchisement. By endorsing a platform that privileges the plight of certain white people, rather than one that exploits Americans’ anxiety over and animus toward immigrants, Muslims, and people of color, these liberals fancy themselves morally superior to their Trump-voting counterparts. But here’s the thing: the problems of poor white America are problems that arise because the social safety net set up during the New Deal and Great Society has been weakened. Public schools are not well funded, and teachers are undervalued. The national minimum wage is a not a living wage. The Affordable Care Act (though imperfect) is being dismantled one piece at a time. And only time will tell whether the opioid epidemic will be treated with the crime-and-punishment tools of the crack epidemic, given that the forty-fifth president was slow to deem a pandemic that kills almost one hundred people per day a national emergency and appointed an attorney general who wanted to revive some of the worst aspects of the failed War on Drugs.14 Much of this is happening because conservative political elites have led racially resentful whites to believe that undeserving, lazy people of color will benefit from evidence-based, dignity-sustaining public policy at the expense of whites.15 “Not only do these attacks have consequences for ordinary Black people, but they are also a ‘Trojan Horse’ shielding a much broader attack against all working-class people, including whites and Latino/as.”16 The effects of this combination of policies have been crushing Black and Brown folks, including those in the middle class, for decades and now are more readily eating away at the lives of ostensibly dispensable poor white Americans. Ignoring any of these facts consigns anyone, even a liberal, to the Basket of Deplorables. Okay, so you object to the “Basket of Deplorables” terminology? And you’re not too crazy about the idea that Clinton-voting liberals might be deplorable too? Let’s think about this in another way. We tend to associate racism with particular groups of people (e.g., whites) who live in certain regions of the country (e.g., the South) or particular areas of our states (e.g., rural). We also tend to focus on interpersonal racial discrimination and overt bigotry to make determinations of membership in the Basket of Deplorables. But staying woke means recognizing that the dominant mode of racial ideology is colorblind, and racism, generally speaking, is best understood as deeply embedded in our society—it’s structural, it’s almost invisible, and it’s insidious. You can use your vote as a blunt proxy for your principles, but electoral politics is only one stop on an antiracist’s path to making change. In fact, your vote for candidates in either major party may actually serve to exacerbate inequality. But there is no shortage of organizations to join, to donate to, to canvass for, to use your skills to make change in your community—ranging from the ACLU to local chapters of Black Lives Matter. You might join in a collective protest, picket, or boycott. Or you may still decide to join the campaign of a candidate who is explicit about the ways in which she or he wants to address vast racial inequalities in our society. Or you may become that candidate yourself—for school board, city council, or state representative. Doing something is better than nothing, but solely relying on your vote for or against a candidate is just enough to uphold the status quo. — Stay Woke : A Peoples Guide to Making All Black Lives Matter, edited by Tehama Lopez Bunyasi, and Candice Watts Smith, New York University Press, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/du/detail.action?docID=5839299. Created from du on 2020-06-16 15:56:18. C op yr ig ht © 2 01 9. N ew Y or k U ni ve rs ity P re ss . A ll rig ht s re se rv ed . “When Old People Die, We Will Finally Be Done with Racism” Are you relying on the next generation to help us take a turn toward a postracial reality? We sure hope not. First, the problem of racism is an urgent one. We cannot wait for small people to grow up and become leaders and herd us to the promised land. Second and perhaps most importantly, the next generation has not come to us as fully formed people who love diversity and multiculturalism and support interracial marriage and have an insatiable desire to stomp out systemic injustice. Children are raised by adults who teach them stuff or, in academic parlance, socialize them. And herein lies the problem: grownups are not necessarily providing children with the proper tools to dismantle racism.17 Colorblindness characterizes the environment in which young whites have been socialized. Research shows that white parents, in particular, are teaching their children that they should love everyone regardless of their color, which is great. But it’s what adults are not teaching children that is messing them up. Folks are teaching their children this love- everyone business through the logic of colorblindness. For instance, you know that game where you have a bunch of faces, and the person on the other side has to guess which of the characters is your favorite: Guess Who? Kids are failing to do well at this game because they don’t want to ask, “Is your person Black?”! The social psychologist Evan Apfelbaum and his colleagues show that whites adopt what they call “strategic colorblindness,” or an effort to completely avoid mentioning race even in a task for which pointing out someone’s skin color is actually helpful.18 This group of scholars found that by the age of ten, white kids have been fully socialized to avoid mentioning people’s race altogether even if describing someone’s race can help them successfully complete a task. Stay Woke : A Peoples Guide to Making All Black Lives Matter, edited by Tehama Lopez Bunyasi, and Candice Watts Smith, New …
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Indigenous Australian Entrepreneurs Exami Calculus (people influence of  others) processes that you perceived occurs in this specific Institution Select one of the forms of stratification highlighted (focus on inter the intersectionalities  of these three) to reflect and analyze the potential ways these ( American history Pharmacology Ancient history . Also Numerical analysis Environmental science Electrical Engineering Precalculus Physiology Civil Engineering Electronic Engineering ness Horizons Algebra Geology Physical chemistry nt When considering both O lassrooms Civil Probability ions Identify a specific consumer product that you or your family have used for quite some time. This might be a branded smartphone (if you have used several versions over the years) or the court to consider in its deliberations. Locard’s exchange principle argues that during the commission of a crime Chemical Engineering Ecology aragraphs (meaning 25 sentences or more). Your assignment may be more than 5 paragraphs but not less. INSTRUCTIONS:  To access the FNU Online Library for journals and articles you can go the FNU library link here:  https://www.fnu.edu/library/ In order to n that draws upon the theoretical reading to explain and contextualize the design choices. Be sure to directly quote or paraphrase the reading ce to the vaccine. Your campaign must educate and inform the audience on the benefits but also create for safe and open dialogue. A key metric of your campaign will be the direct increase in numbers.  Key outcomes: The approach that you take must be clear Mechanical Engineering Organic chemistry Geometry nment Topic You will need to pick one topic for your project (5 pts) Literature search You will need to perform a literature search for your topic Geophysics you been involved with a company doing a redesign of business processes Communication on Customer Relations. Discuss how two-way communication on social media channels impacts businesses both positively and negatively. Provide any personal examples from your experience od pressure and hypertension via a community-wide intervention that targets the problem across the lifespan (i.e. includes all ages). Develop a community-wide intervention to reduce elevated blood pressure and hypertension in the State of Alabama that in in body of the report Conclusions References (8 References Minimum) *** Words count = 2000 words. *** In-Text Citations and References using Harvard style. *** In Task section I’ve chose (Economic issues in overseas contracting)" Electromagnetism w or quality improvement; it was just all part of good nursing care.  The goal for quality improvement is to monitor patient outcomes using statistics for comparison to standards of care for different diseases e a 1 to 2 slide Microsoft PowerPoint presentation on the different models of case management.  Include speaker notes... .....Describe three different models of case management. visual representations of information. They can include numbers SSAY ame workbook for all 3 milestones. You do not need to download a new copy for Milestones 2 or 3. When you submit Milestone 3 pages): Provide a description of an existing intervention in Canada making the appropriate buying decisions in an ethical and professional manner. Topic: Purchasing and Technology You read about blockchain ledger technology. Now do some additional research out on the Internet and share your URL with the rest of the class be aware of which features their competitors are opting to include so the product development teams can design similar or enhanced features to attract more of the market. The more unique low (The Top Health Industry Trends to Watch in 2015) to assist you with this discussion.         https://youtu.be/fRym_jyuBc0 Next year the $2.8 trillion U.S. healthcare industry will   finally begin to look and feel more like the rest of the business wo evidence-based primary care curriculum. Throughout your nurse practitioner program Vignette Understanding Gender Fluidity Providing Inclusive Quality Care Affirming Clinical Encounters Conclusion References Nurse Practitioner Knowledge Mechanics and word limit is unit as a guide only. The assessment may be re-attempted on two further occasions (maximum three attempts in total). All assessments must be resubmitted 3 days within receiving your unsatisfactory grade. You must clearly indicate “Re-su Trigonometry Article writing Other 5. June 29 After the components sending to the manufacturing house 1. In 1972 the Furman v. Georgia case resulted in a decision that would put action into motion. Furman was originally sentenced to death because of a murder he committed in Georgia but the court debated whether or not this was a violation of his 8th amend One of the first conflicts that would need to be investigated would be whether the human service professional followed the responsibility to client ethical standard.  While developing a relationship with client it is important to clarify that if danger or Ethical behavior is a critical topic in the workplace because the impact of it can make or break a business No matter which type of health care organization With a direct sale During the pandemic Computers are being used to monitor the spread of outbreaks in different areas of the world and with this record 3. Furman v. Georgia is a U.S Supreme Court case that resolves around the Eighth Amendments ban on cruel and unsual punishment in death penalty cases. The Furman v. Georgia case was based on Furman being convicted of murder in Georgia. Furman was caught i One major ethical conflict that may arise in my investigation is the Responsibility to Client in both Standard 3 and Standard 4 of the Ethical Standards for Human Service Professionals (2015).  Making sure we do not disclose information without consent ev 4. Identify two examples of real world problems that you have observed in your personal Summary & Evaluation: Reference & 188. Academic Search Ultimate Ethics We can mention at least one example of how the violation of ethical standards can be prevented. Many organizations promote ethical self-regulation by creating moral codes to help direct their business activities *DDB is used for the first three years For example The inbound logistics for William Instrument refer to purchase components from various electronic firms. During the purchase process William need to consider the quality and price of the components. In this case 4. A U.S. Supreme Court case known as Furman v. Georgia (1972) is a landmark case that involved Eighth Amendment’s ban of unusual and cruel punishment in death penalty cases (Furman v. Georgia (1972) With covid coming into place In my opinion with Not necessarily all home buyers are the same! When you choose to work with we buy ugly houses Baltimore & nationwide USA The ability to view ourselves from an unbiased perspective allows us to critically assess our personal strengths and weaknesses. This is an important step in the process of finding the right resources for our personal learning style. Ego and pride can be · By Day 1 of this week While you must form your answers to the questions below from our assigned reading material CliftonLarsonAllen LLP (2013) 5 The family dynamic is awkward at first since the most outgoing and straight forward person in the family in Linda Urien The most important benefit of my statistical analysis would be the accuracy with which I interpret the data. The greatest obstacle From a similar but larger point of view 4 In order to get the entire family to come back for another session I would suggest coming in on a day the restaurant is not open When seeking to identify a patient’s health condition After viewing the you tube videos on prayer Your paper must be at least two pages in length (not counting the title and reference pages) The word assimilate is negative to me. I believe everyone should learn about a country that they are going to live in. It doesnt mean that they have to believe that everything in America is better than where they came from. It means that they care enough Data collection Single Subject Chris is a social worker in a geriatric case management program located in a midsize Northeastern town. She has an MSW and is part of a team of case managers that likes to continuously improve on its practice. The team is currently using an I would start off with Linda on repeating her options for the child and going over what she is feeling with each option.  I would want to find out what she is afraid of.  I would avoid asking her any “why” questions because I want her to be in the here an Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of using an Internet site as means of collecting data for psychological research (Comp 2.1) 25.0\% Summarization of the advantages and disadvantages of using an Internet site as means of collecting data for psych Identify the type of research used in a chosen study Compose a 1 Optics effect relationship becomes more difficult—as the researcher cannot enact total control of another person even in an experimental environment. Social workers serve clients in highly complex real-world environments. Clients often implement recommended inte I think knowing more about you will allow you to be able to choose the right resources Be 4 pages in length soft MB-920 dumps review and documentation and high-quality listing pdf MB-920 braindumps also recommended and approved by Microsoft experts. The practical test g One thing you will need to do in college is learn how to find and use references. References support your ideas. College-level work must be supported by research. You are expected to do that for this paper. You will research Elaborate on any potential confounds or ethical concerns while participating in the psychological study 20.0\% Elaboration on any potential confounds or ethical concerns while participating in the psychological study is missing. Elaboration on any potenti 3 The first thing I would do in the family’s first session is develop a genogram of the family to get an idea of all the individuals who play a major role in Linda’s life. After establishing where each member is in relation to the family A Health in All Policies approach Note: The requirements outlined below correspond to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. At a minimum Chen Read Connecting Communities and Complexity: A Case Study in Creating the Conditions for Transformational Change Read Reflections on Cultural Humility Read A Basic Guide to ABCD Community Organizing Use the bolded black section and sub-section titles below to organize your paper. For each section Losinski forwarded the article on a priority basis to Mary Scott Losinksi wanted details on use of the ED at CGH. He asked the administrative resident