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2 Movement Analysis Name: _____________________ Date: ______________ Course: OTA 102/103 Functional Anatomy and Kinesiology Curriculum thread(s): · Occupation centered practice · Role Acquisition Course objective (s): UNIT ONE: Anatomical Position and Major Planes of the Body Upon successful completion of this unit by written examination, the student will identify the anatomical position and major planes of the body. 1. Identify descriptive terms including midline, proximal, distal, medial, lateral, ipsilateral and contralateral. 2. Identify sagittal, coronal, transverse planes. 3. Describe the three normal curves of the spine. 4. Define and give examples of the planes and axes used to describe movements of the human body. 5. Discuss the definition of kinesiology and the significance for Occupational Therapy. 6. Identify and describe anatomical terms. UNIT TWO: Structure and Basic Functional Implications of the muscular System Upon successful completion of this unit by written examination the student will identify muscles and muscle functions. 1. Describe the structures of an individual muscle. 2. Describe the molecular events that result in muscle contraction and relaxation. 3. Define terms related to the muscular system including origin and insertion. 4. Explain how muscles work in controlled opposition to produce coordinated movements. 5. Identify selected muscles. UNIT THREE: Joint design, categories and functions Upon successful completion of this unit by written examination the student will be able to discuss the structure and basic functional implications of the skeletal s6ystem. 1. Describe the three major joint classifications and discuss the support that each provides for the human body. 2. Discuss the planes and axes in relation to the movements that occur in the human body. 3. Identify the types of joints and their structural components. 4. Identify the forces of motion that act upon joints. UNIT FIVE: Static and Dynamic Movement Upon successful completion of this unit on written examination, the student will identify the difference between static and dynamic movement 1. Define muscle irritability, contractility, extensibility and elasticity. 2. Differentiate between concentric and eccentric muscle contractions. 3. Explain the roles of muscle as an agonist, antagonist, stabilizer or neutralizer. Objective: · To develop an understanding of Occupational Therapy theoretical perspectives, describe the basic features of theories underlying occupational therapy practice. · Describe the definition of Kinesiology and its significance for Occupational Therapy. · The student will apply the knowledge gained to provide a sound basis for understanding movement analysis in a selected activity that includes identification of joints, movements performed, primary muscles in action, innervations, planes and axes around the joints. · Understanding movement analysis will assist the student in understanding how created theories and models of practice in Occupational Theory (many with theoretical bases and assumptions drawn from anatomy, physiology and kinesiology) facilitate the individual when addressing functional implications in performance patterns, performance skills, remediation of loss in functional performance and/or when engaged in occupational performance, etc.) Procedure: · The student will be assigned a picture or a drawing of a person performing a functional, work-related, sport, recreational or leisure activity. · The student will perform a comprehensive analysis of human body movement that includes the description of joints involved, movement performed, primary muscles in action, innervations, planes and axes around the joint. Evaluation: Movement Analysis Criteria Poor (1) Fair (2 ) Good (3) Excellent (4) Describe the basic features of theories underlying occupational therapy practice Unable to follow and effort is unacceptable. Many questions remain and additional clarification is required Description is adequate. Information provided requires additional explanation, however, is able to follow. Description is comprehensive. Exceeds expectations. Information is substantiated with evidenced based data from reliable scholastic sources. Article attached. Describe the definition of Kinesiology and the significance for Occupational Therapy Unable to follow and effort is unacceptable. Many questions remain and additional clarification is required Description is adequate. Information provided requires additional explanation, however, is able to follow. Description is comprehensive and creative. Exceeds expectations. Information is substantiated with evidenced based data from reliable scholastic sources. Article attached. Use of proper terminology Incorrect terminology utilized on 4 or more occasions Incorrect terminology utilized on 2-3 occasions Incorrect terminology utilized on 1 occasion Correct terminology is utilized throughout. Articulation exceeds expectation. Identification of all joints involved Identification void of 6 or more joints. Identification void of 4-5 joints. Identification void of 2-3 joints. Identification void of no more than 1 joint. Correct recognition of movements Failed to name correctly 6 or more movements Failed to name correctly 4-5 movements Failed to name correctly 2-3 movements Failed to name correctly no more than 1 movement Identification of primary muscles Missed to include 7 or more muscles Missed to include 5-6 muscles Missed to include 3-4 muscles Missed to include no more than 2 muscles. Correct recognition of muscles involved Failed to name correctly 7 or more muscles Failed to name correctly 5-6 muscles Failed to name correctly 3-4 muscles Failed to name correctly no more than 2 muscles Identification of all nerves involved Missed to include 6 or more nerves Missed to include 4-5 nerves Missed to include 2-3 nerves Missed to include no more than 1 nerve Identification of all planes around the joint Missed to include 6 or more planes Missed to include 4-5 planes Missed to include 2-3 planes Missed to include no more than 1 plane Identification of all axes around the joint Missed to include 6 or more axes Missed to include 4-5 axes Missed to include 2-3 axes Missed to include no more than 1 axis Comments: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Score: The total score to accumulate is “40”. Your score was _____________ with a percentage of ________________. ACOTE Standards for an Accredited Educational Program for the Occupational Therapy Assistant: B 1.1.: , B.2.1. Revised 04/29/2020 JM Running head: MOVEMENT ANALYSIS 1 PAGE 3 MOVEMENT ANALYSIS Phases of a Baseball pitch, Wind up. Movement Analysis Elvis Garcia OTA-102/103 The Praxis Institute. Hialeah Campus Professor: Claudia Larenas-Michalak 03/31/2021 Occupational Therapy Theoretical Perspectives A framework of practice organizes the principles for training based on the philosophical basis of the discipline. Occupational therapy models of treatment promote this by assisting OT clinicians in coordinating their thoughts around occupation as the professions core unifying function (Hinojosa, Kramer & Royeen, 2017). A code of practice for clinicians provides practice terminology, an overall understanding of the discipline, assessment methods, and a guide for action. Therapists who follow up with existing literature and treatment models will access a wealth of knowledge, allowing them to better interpret action and practice for the patients advantage. The body of information in the professions domain of interest is used to provide frames of reference. A frame of reference outlines the clients transition mechanism and the guidelines for shifting a client from disorder to operation along a continuum.  The occupational therapist uses multiple reference points at once or sequentially over time, focusing on the intervention practices center. A definition of the population, change theory, structure and disorder, concepts of action, practitioner position, and assessment instruments is included in the reference frame (Hinojosa, Kramer & Royeen, 2017). An occupational therapist specialist will work out the right way to interfere to serve the client by following a practice model. An occupational therapist should use a point of reference to help the person change in a meaningful way. An OT specialist has the frame of reference to determine what resources to use to support clients, and they should use the model of procedures to know what methodology to use. The resources and interventions go together with that methodology. When it comes to evaluating and intervening for customers, the two practices are used interchangeably.   Kinesiology and its Significance for Occupational Therapy The meaning of the terms in their most simple sense loosely translates to the study and analysis of human movement. Kinesiology is often thought of as the science of muscle research. Understanding and analyzing human movement begins with interpreting human activity accurately . Kinematics is a mathematical term that defines an objects displacement, speed, and acceleration. Kinetics helps one to assess external forces on the body and forces produced within the body. The collection of kinematic data can be done in a variety of ways. Potentiometers, goniometers, electromagnetic detection, and camera systems are only a few examples. A kinesiologist follows various sluggish reactions to the bodys corresponding areas to identify the stressor causing the disruption . A kinesiologist is required in occupational therapy to help in identifying the constraints of professionals. Chiropractic therapy, acupuncture, and other holistic medicine methodologies are used to fix, realign, or place the stressor after being determined to interrupt professionals in their work. Upper Extremity The picture to analyze is a baseball player performing the subphases of the preparation of a baseball pitch (wind up). The rotator cuff is integral to a good pitch. It consists of four different muscles: the subscapularis, the infraspinatus, the supraspinatus, and the terror minor. A rotator cuffs core function is to provide rotation force and stabilize the humerus at the glenohumeral joint. The subscapularis is the most significant muscle in the rotator innervated by two subscapular nerves originating in the brachial nerve plexus. The terror minor provides 40 \% of the external rotation force and aids in concavity production. It originates from the dorsal area and is served as separate nerve branches from the auxiliary nerve. The rotator cuff is located on the Glenohumeral joint together with the humerus and scapula. The glenohumeral has a ball socket shape with multiple anatomical joints such as acromioclavicular joint, sternoclavicular joint, and glenohumeral joint. The head acts as the humerus, while the scapula acts as the socket convex on concave. Glenohumeral joint movements are facilitated by scapulohumeral muscles, which then attach to the humerus. The glenohumeral nerves arise from the brachial plexus and include the suprascapular nerve and lateral pectoral nerve. Another vital organ in baseball pitching is the elbow. It comprises three conjoined bones: ulna, radius, and humerus accompanied by 6 degrees valgus joint on the frontal plane. The elbow is made up of four joints responsible for flexion and extension. It has four groups of muscles, namely flexors, flexor pronators, extensors, and extensor supinators. The ulnar collateral ligaments are one of the elbows ligaments that connects the upper arm to the two bones. The elbow is supplied with four nerve routes, namely ulnar, radial—median and musculocutaneous nerves. Lower Extremity Another critical body organ in baseball is the hip joint that experiences flexion and rotation force during pitching; the acetabulofemoral consists of an articulation between the head of a femur and the pelviss acetabulum . The acetabulum resembles a cup-like depression and plays a crucial role in hip joint stability. The acetabular labrum is fibrocartilaginous with unique anatomical structures. The hip joint comprises two ligaments, namely intra capsular and extracapsular, that increase joint stability. The iliotibial band is a thicked layer of fascia lata that originates from the pelvis and crosses over to the Gerds tubercle on the tibia. It comprises several bony attachments e,g anterior pelvis, the greater trochanter, femur and femoral attachments.   .  Another essential joint is the ankle joint located in the lower limb. The lower limb consists of 26 bones that join each other to form a metatarsus arch divided into two supportive angles, lateral and medial . The talocrural joint is formed by bones of the leg (tibia and fibula) and the foot (talus). The lower ankle joint is formed between the calcaneus and talus connected with solid ligaments. Baseball players need to have substantial health ligaments to jump and run effectively . Examples of ligaments in the ankle include a deltoid whose main job is to strengthen the ankle joint. Muscles of the Ankle cause the ankles movement and have the anterior, posterior, and lateral muscles . Another critical organ is the wrist that bridges the hand to the forearm. It is made up of several bones, such as five metacarpal bones and eight carpal bones. The radiocarpal joint transition between the forearm and hand. It is made up of four ligaments, namely dorsal radiocarpal, ulnar collateral, and radial collateral. Summary of all muscles and movements performs by this baseball player (: a) Movement Neck rotation. Left shoulder is doing medial rotation. Right elbow is doing flexion. Right wrist is doing extension. At the hip is extension and the left knee is doing flexion. In the right the hip is lateral rotation and the knee is extended. Also, the right ankle is doing plantar flexion. Muscles in action and innervation Upper Extremity: Subscapularis- upper and lower subscapular nerve C-5 C-6 Infraspinatus- subscapular nerve C-5 C-6 Supraspinatus- subrascapular nerve C-5 C6 Teres Minor- Axillary nerve C5 C6 Anterior deltoid - axillary nerve (C5, C6) Pectoralis major - lateral pectoral nerve (C5, C6, C7, C8, T1) Trapezius -cranial nerve XI (C3, C4) (sensory) Serratus anterior –long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7) Brachialis –musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6) Brachioradialis-radial nerve (C5, C6) Supinator –radial nerve (C6) Palmaris longus –median nerve (C6, C7) Flexor carpiradialis –median nerve (C6, C7) Neck: Splenius Capitis- Middle and lower cervical nerve Splenius Cervicis- Middle and lower cervical nerve Lower extremity Hip -Gluteus maximus -inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2) -Semitendinosus -sciatic-tibial division nerve (L5, S1, S2) -Semimembranosus -sciatic-tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2) -Biceps femoris -sciatic-tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2) Knee -Popliteus -tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1) -Gastrocnemius muscle -tibial nerve (S1, S2) Ankle -Gastrocnemius -tibial nerve (S1, S2) -Soleus -tibial nerve (S1, S2) -Plantaris -tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1) -Flexor hallucis longus -tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2) -Flexor digitorum longus -tibial nerve (L5, S1). Conclusion Kinesiology and Occupational Therapy work hand in hand to expedite patients recovery journey. The dynamic duo seeks to cure the dilemma and find out its solutions (Newell, 2017). Knowledge in kinesiology is fundamental in the assessment of patients. More occupational therapists are needed with kinesiology expertise because many professionals experience constraints in their occupations. However, be prepared to put in extra effort in training about kinesiology and actual practice   References Lippert, L. (2017). Clinical Kinesiology and Anatomy (Sixth ed.). FA Davis Company. Kadi, R., Milants, A., & Shahabpour, M. (2017). Shoulder anatomy and normal variants. Journal of the Belgian Society of Radiology, 101(Suppl 2). Newell, K. M. (2017). Reflections on kinesiology: Persistent issues and contemporary challenges. Kinesiology Review, 6(2), 211-216.