Fluent Essays

Provide a reflection of at least 500 words minimum of how the knowledge, skills, or theories of this course have been applied, or could be applied, in a practical manner to your current work environment. If you are not currently working, share times when you have or could observe these theories and knowledge could be applied to an employment opportunity in your field of study. Requirements: Provide a 500 words minimum reflection. Use of proper APA (7th edition) formatting and citations. If supporting evidence from outside resources is used those must be properly cited. Share a personal connection that identifies specific knowledge and theories from this course. Demonstrate a connection to your current work environment. If you are not employed, demonstrate a connection to your desired work environment.  You should NOT, provide an overview of the assignments assigned in the course. The assignment asks that you reflect how the knowledge and skills obtained through meeting course objectives were applied or could be applied in the workplace   Assignment is well written, and ideas are well developed and explained. Demonstrates strong writing skills.   500-Words minimum delivered.  SafeAssign is under 25\% Student strongly demonstrates the practical application, or ability to apply, of course objectives within a work environment & school.  Focus on this course only. Minus 5 points if no subject headers are used for organization.  Follow Written Assignment Requirements. Two authored MARKETING references APA format (1” margins, Times New Roman 12 font, double-spaced, and more) Courses: Marketing concepts, Marketing Strategies, pricing techniques General ManaGeMent Stay informed. Join the discussion. Visit hbr.org/books Follow @HarvardBiz on Twitter Find us on Facebook, LinkedIn, YouTube, and Google+ hbr.org/books HBR Guide Series looking for smart answers to your most pressing work challenges? try these and other titles in the practical HBR Guide series: HBR Guide to Better Business Writing HBR Guide to Finance Basics for Managers HBR Guide to Getting the Right Work Done HBR Guide to Managing Up and Across HBR Guide to Persuasive Presentations HBR Guide to Project Management S trategic M ark etin g On Strategic Marketing If you read nothing else on marketing that delivers competitive advantage, read these 10 articles. We’ve combed through hundreds of articles in the Harvard Business Review archive and selected the most important ones to help you reinvent your marketing by putting it—and your customers—at the center of your business. Leading experts such as Theodore Levitt and Clayton Christensen provide the insights and advice you need to: • Figure out what business you’re really in • Create products that perform the jobs people need to get done • Get a bird’s-eye view of your brand’s strengths and weaknesses • Tap a market that’s larger than China and India combined • Deliver superior value to your B2B customers • End the war between sales and marketing On Strategic Marketing If you read nothing else on marketing that delivers competitive advantage, read these definitive articles from Harvard Business Review. Stop pushing products—and start cultivating relationships with the right customers. FEATURING “Marketing Myopia” By Theodore Levitt US$24.95 / CAN$27.50 Classic ideas, enduring advice, the best thinkers— all in one place HBR’s 10 Must Reads series is the definitive collection of ideas and best practices for aspiring and experienced leaders alike. these books offer essential reading selected from the pages of Harvard Business Review on topics critical to the success of every manager. each book is packed with advice and inspiration from leading experts such as Clayton Christensen, Peter Drucker, rosabeth Moss Kanter, John Kotter, Michael Porter, Daniel Goleman, theodore levitt, and rita Gunther McGrath. Titles in this bestselling series include: • HBr’s 10 Must reads: the essentials • HBr’s 10 Must reads on Change Management • HBr’s 10 Must reads on Communication • HBr’s 10 Must reads on leadership • HBr’s 10 Must reads on Managing People • HBr’s 10 Must reads on Managing Yourself • HBr’s 10 Must reads on Strategy • HBr’s 10 Must reads on teams ISBN: 978-1-4221-8988-7 9 7 8 1 4 2 2 1 8 9 8 8 7 9 0 0 0 0 HBRMRMarketing_11366.indd 1 1/10/13 2:53 PM For the exclusive use of P. Kadumuri, 2021. This document is authorized for use only by Pruthvi Raj Kadumuri in BADM 733, Strategic Marketing-Summer 2021 taught by Daniel Kanyam, University of the Cumberlands from May 2021 to Nov 2021. HBR’S 10 MUST READS On Strategic Marketing 171982 00 i-viii r1 ma.qxd 1/5/13 10:18 AM Page i For the exclusive use of P. Kadumuri, 2021. This document is authorized for use only by Pruthvi Raj Kadumuri in BADM 733, Strategic Marketing-Summer 2021 taught by Daniel Kanyam, University of the Cumberlands from May 2021 to Nov 2021. HBR’s 10 Must Reads series is the definitive collection of ideas and best practices for aspiring and experienced leaders alike. These books offer essential reading selected from the pages of Harvard Business Review on topics critical to the success of every manager. Titles include: HBR’s 10 Must Reads on Change Management HBR’s 10 Must Reads on Collaboration HBR’s 10 Must Reads on Communication HBR’s 10 Must Reads on Innovation HBR’s 10 Must Reads on Leadership HBR’s 10 Must Reads on Making Smart Decisions HBR’s 10 Must Reads on Managing People HBR’s 10 Must Reads on Managing Yourself HBR’s 10 Must Reads on Strategic Marketing HBR’s 10 Must Reads on Strategy HBR’s 10 Must Reads on Teams HBR’s 10 Must Reads: The Essentials 171982 00 i-viii r1 ma.qxd 1/5/13 10:18 AM Page ii For the exclusive use of P. Kadumuri, 2021. This document is authorized for use only by Pruthvi Raj Kadumuri in BADM 733, Strategic Marketing-Summer 2021 taught by Daniel Kanyam, University of the Cumberlands from May 2021 to Nov 2021. http://hbr.org/product/hbr-s-10-must-reads-on-change-management-with-feat/an/12599E-KND-ENG?Ntt=12599 http://hbr.org/product/hbr-s-10-must-reads-on-leadership-with-featured-ar/an/12546E-KND-ENG?Ntt=12546 http://hbr.org/product/hbr-s-10-must-reads-on-managing-people-with-featur/an/12575E-KND-ENG?Ntt=12575 http://hbr.org/product/hbr-s-10-must-reads-on-managing-yourself-with-bonu/an/12572E-KND-ENG?Ntt=12572 http://hbr.org/product/hbr-s-10-must-reads-on-strategy-with-featured-arti/an/12601E-KND-ENG?Ntt=12601 http://hbr.org/product/hbr-s-10-must-reads-the-essentials/an/13292E-KND-ENG?Ntt=13292 http://hbr.org/product/hbr-s-10-must-reads-on-collaboration-with-featured/an/11378-PBK-ENG http://hbr.org/product/hbr-s-10-must-reads-on-communication-with-featured/an/11364-PBK-ENG http://hbr.org/product/hbr-s-10-must-reads-on-innovation-with-featured-ar/an/11363-PBK-ENG http://hbr.org/product/hbr-s-10-must-reads-on-making-smart-decisions-with/an/11367-PBK-ENG http://hbr.org/product/hbr-s-10-must-reads-on-strategic-marketing-with-fe/an/11366-PBK-ENG http://hbr.org/product/hbr-s-10-must-reads-on-teams-with-featured-article/an/11365-PBK-ENG HBR’S 10 MUST READS On Strategic Marketing HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW PRESS Boston, Massachusetts 171982 00 i-viii r1 ma.qxd 1/5/13 10:18 AM Page iii For the exclusive use of P. Kadumuri, 2021. This document is authorized for use only by Pruthvi Raj Kadumuri in BADM 733, Strategic Marketing-Summer 2021 taught by Daniel Kanyam, University of the Cumberlands from May 2021 to Nov 2021. Copyright 2013 Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior permission of the publisher. Requests for permission should be directed to [email protected], or mailed to Permissions, Harvard Business School Publishing, 60 Harvard Way, Boston, Massachusetts 02163. The web addresses referenced in this book were live and correct at the time of the book’s publication but may be subject to change. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data HBR’s 10 must reads on strategic marketing. p. cm. — (HBR’s 10 must read series) Includes index. ISBN 978-1-4221-8988-7 1. Marketing—Management. 2. Strategic planning. I. Harvard business re- view. II. Title: HBR’s ten must reads on strategic marketing. III. Title: Harvard business review’s 10 must reads on strategic marketing. HF5415.13.H368 2013 658.802—dc23 2012037855 ISBN: 9781422189887 eISBN: 9781422191521 171982 00 i-viii r1 ma.qxd 1/5/13 10:18 AM Page iv Find more digital content or join the discussion on www.hbr.org. For the exclusive use of P. Kadumuri, 2021. This document is authorized for use only by Pruthvi Raj Kadumuri in BADM 733, Strategic Marketing-Summer 2021 taught by Daniel Kanyam, University of the Cumberlands from May 2021 to Nov 2021. mailto:[email protected] www.hbr.org Rethinking Marketing 1 by Roland T. Rust, Christine Moorman, and Gaurav Bhalla Branding in the Digital Age 15 by David C. Edelman Marketing Myopia 29 by Theodore Levitt Marketing Malpractice 57 by Clayton M. Christensen, Scott Cook, and Taddy Hall The Brand Report Card 77 by Kevin Lane Keller The Female Economy 97 by Michael J. Silverstein and Kate Sayre Customer Value Propositions in Business Markets 113 by James C. Anderson, James A. Narus, and Wouter van Rossum Getting Brand Communities Right 133 by Susan Fournier and Lara Lee The One Number You Need to Grow 151 by Frederick F. Reichheld Ending the War Between Sales and Marketing 171 by Philip Kotler, Neil Rackham, and Suj Krishnaswamy About the Contributors 195 Index 197 v Contents 171982 00 i-viii r1 ma.qxd 1/5/13 10:18 AM Page v For the exclusive use of P. Kadumuri, 2021. This document is authorized for use only by Pruthvi Raj Kadumuri in BADM 733, Strategic Marketing-Summer 2021 taught by Daniel Kanyam, University of the Cumberlands from May 2021 to Nov 2021. 171982 00 i-viii r1 ma.qxd 1/5/13 10:18 AM Page vi For the exclusive use of P. Kadumuri, 2021. This document is authorized for use only by Pruthvi Raj Kadumuri in BADM 733, Strategic Marketing-Summer 2021 taught by Daniel Kanyam, University of the Cumberlands from May 2021 to Nov 2021. HBR’S 10 MUST READS On Strategic Marketing 171982 00 i-viii r1 ma.qxd 1/5/13 10:18 AM Page vii For the exclusive use of P. Kadumuri, 2021. This document is authorized for use only by Pruthvi Raj Kadumuri in BADM 733, Strategic Marketing-Summer 2021 taught by Daniel Kanyam, University of the Cumberlands from May 2021 to Nov 2021. 171982 00 i-viii r1 ma.qxd 1/5/13 10:18 AM Page viii For the exclusive use of P. Kadumuri, 2021. This document is authorized for use only by Pruthvi Raj Kadumuri in BADM 733, Strategic Marketing-Summer 2021 taught by Daniel Kanyam, University of the Cumberlands from May 2021 to Nov 2021. I 1 Rethinking Marketing by Roland T. Rust, Christine Moorman, and Gaurav Bhalla IMAGINE A BRAND MANAGER sitting in his office developing a market- ing strategy for his company’s new sports drink. He identifies which broad market segments to target, sets prices and promotions, and plans mass media communications. The brand’s performance will be measured by aggregate sales and profitability, and his pay and fu- ture prospects will hinge on those numbers. What’s wrong with this picture? This firm—like too many—is still managed as if it were stuck in the 1960s, an era of mass markets, mass media, and impersonal transactions. Yet never before have compa- nies had such powerful technologies for interacting directly with cus- tomers, collecting and mining information about them, and tailoring their offerings accordingly. And never before have customers ex- pected to interact so deeply with companies, and each other, to shape the products and services they use. To be sure, most compa- nies use customer relationship management and other technologies to get a handle on customers, but no amount of technology can really improve the situation as long as companies are set up to market prod- ucts rather than cultivate customers. To compete in this aggressively interactive environment, companies must shift their focus from driving transactions to maximizing customer lifetime value. That means making products and brands subservient to long-term 171982 01 001-014 r1 ma.qxd 1/5/13 10:20 AM Page 1 For the exclusive use of P. Kadumuri, 2021. This document is authorized for use only by Pruthvi Raj Kadumuri in BADM 733, Strategic Marketing-Summer 2021 taught by Daniel Kanyam, University of the Cumberlands from May 2021 to Nov 2021. RUST, MOORMAN, AND BHALLA 2 customer relationships. And that means changing strategy and struc- ture across the organization—and reinventing the marketing depart- ment altogether. Cultivating Customers Not long ago, companies looking to get a message out to a large pop- ulation had only one real option: blanket a huge swath of customers simultaneously, mostly using one-way mass communication. Infor- mation about customers consisted primarily of aggregate sales sta- tistics augmented by marketing research data. There was little, if any, direct communication between individual customers and the firm. Today, companies have a host of options at their disposal, mak- ing such mass marketing far too crude. The exhibit “Building relationships” shows where many compa- nies are headed, and all must inevitably go if they hope to remain competitive. The key distinction between a traditional and a customer-cultivating company is that one is organized to push prod- ucts and brands whereas the other is designed to serve customers and customer segments. In the latter, communication is two-way and individualized, or at least tightly targeted at thinly sliced seg- ments. This strategy may be more challenging for firms whose distri- bution channels own or control customer information—as is the case for many packaged-goods companies. But more and more firms now have access to the rich data they need to make a customer- cultivating strategy work. B2B companies, for instance, use key account managers and global account directors to focus on meeting customers’ evolving needs, rather than selling specific products. IBM organizes accord- ing to customer needs, such as energy efficiency or server consolida- tion, and coordinates its marketing efforts across products for a particular customer. IBM’s Insurance Process Acceleration Frame- work is one example of this service-oriented architecture. Customer and industry specialists in IBM’s insurance practice work with lead customers to build fast and flexible processes in areas like claims, new business processing, and underwriting. Instead of focusing on 171982 01 001-014 r1 ma.qxd 1/5/13 10:20 AM Page 2 For the exclusive use of P. Kadumuri, 2021. This document is authorized for use only by Pruthvi Raj Kadumuri in BADM 733, Strategic Marketing-Summer 2021 taught by Daniel Kanyam, University of the Cumberlands from May 2021 to Nov 2021. RETHINKING MARKETING 3 Idea in Brief Companies have never before had such powerful technologies for understanding and interacting with customers. Yet too many firms operate as if they’re stuck in the 1960s, an era of mass market- ing, mass media, and impersonal transactions. To compete in an aggressively interactive environment, companies must shift their focus from driving transactions to maximizing customer lifetime value. That means products and brands must be made subservient to customer relationships. And that means transforming the marketing department—traditionally focused on current sales—into a “customer department” by: replacing the CMO with a chief customer officer, cultivating customers rather than pushing products, adopting new performance metrics, and bringing under the marketing umbrella all customer-focused departments, including R&D and customer service. Customer Product-Manager Driven Many companies still depend on product managers and one-way mass marketing to push a product to many customers. Product Building relationships Customer-Manager Driven What’s needed is customer managers who engage individual customers or narrow segments in two-way communi- cations, building long-term relationships by promoting whichever of the company’s products the customer would value most at any given time. Product Customer 171982 01 001-014 r1 ma.qxd 1/5/13 10:20 AM Page 3 For the exclusive use of P. Kadumuri, 2021. This document is authorized for use only by Pruthvi Raj Kadumuri in BADM 733, Strategic Marketing-Summer 2021 taught by Daniel Kanyam, University of the Cumberlands from May 2021 to Nov 2021. RUST, MOORMAN, AND BHALLA 4 short-term product sales, IBM measures the practice’s performance according to long-term customer metrics. Large B2B firms are often advanced in their customer orientation, and some B2C companies are making notable progress. Increasingly, they view their customer relationships as evolving over time, and they may hand off customers to different parts of the organization selling different brands as their needs change. For instance, Tesco, a leading UK retailer, has recently made significant investments in analytics that have improved customer retention. Tesco uses its data-collecting loyalty card (the Clubcard) to track which stores cus- tomers visit, what they buy, and how they pay. This information has helped Tesco tailor merchandise to local tastes and customize offer- ings at the individual level across a variety of store formats—from sprawling hypermarts to neighborhood shops. Shoppers who buy di- apers for the first time at a Tesco store, for example, receive coupons by mail not only for baby wipes and toys but also for beer, according to a Wall Street Journal report. Data analysis revealed that new fathers tend to buy more beer because they can’t spend as much time at the pub. On the services side, American Express actively monitors cus- tomers’ behavior and responds to changes by offering different products. The firm uses consumer data analysis and algorithms to determine customers’ “next best product” according to their chang- ing profiles and to manage risk across cardholders. For example, the first purchase of an upper-class airline ticket on a Gold Card may trigger an invitation to upgrade to a Platinum Card. Or, because of changing circumstances a cardholder may want to give an additional card with a specified spending limit to a child or a contractor. By of- fering this service, American Express extends existing customers’ spending ability to a trusted circle of family members or partners while introducing the brand to potential new customers. American Express also leverages its strategic position between customers and merchants to create long-term value across both relationships. For instance, the company might use demographic data, customer purchase patterns, and credit information to observe that a cardholder has moved into a new home. AmEx capitalizes on 171982 01 001-014 r1 ma.qxd 1/5/13 10:20 AM Page 4 For the exclusive use of P. Kadumuri, 2021. This document is authorized for use only by Pruthvi Raj Kadumuri in BADM 733, Strategic Marketing-Summer 2021 taught by Daniel Kanyam, University of the Cumberlands from May 2021 to Nov 2021. RETHINKING MARKETING 5 that life event by offering special Membership Rewards on pur- chases from merchants in its network in the home-furnishings retail category. One insurance and financial services company we know of also proved adept at tailoring products to customers’ life events. Cus- tomers who lose a spouse, for example, are flagged for special atten- tion from a team that offers them customized products. When a checking account or credit-card customer gets married, she’s a good cross-selling prospect for an auto or home insurance policy and a mortgage. Likewise, the firm targets new empty nesters with home equity loans or investment products and offers renter’s insurance to graduating seniors. Reinventing Marketing These shining examples aside, boards and C-suites still mostly pay lip service to customer relationships while focusing intently on selling goods and services. Directors and management need to spearhead the strategy shift from transactions to relationships and create the culture, structure, and incentives necessary to execute the strategy. What does a customer-cultivating organization look like? Al- though no company has a fully realized customer-focused structure, we can see the features of one in a variety of companies making the transition. The most dramatic change will be the marketing depart- ment’s reinvention as a “customer department.” The first order of business is to replace the traditional CMO with a new type of leader— a chief customer officer. The CCO Chief customer officers are increasingly common in companies worldwide—there are more than 300 today, up from 30 in 2003. Companies as diverse as Chrysler, Hershey’s, Oracle, Samsung, Sears, United Airlines, Sun Microsystems, and Wachovia now have CCOs. But too often the CCO is merely trying to make a conventional organization more customer-centric. In general, it’s a poorly defined 171982 01 001-014 r1 ma.qxd 1/5/13 10:20 AM Page 5 For the exclusive use of P. Kadumuri, 2021. This document is authorized for use only by Pruthvi Raj Kadumuri in BADM 733, Strategic Marketing-Summer 2021 taught by Daniel Kanyam, University of the Cumberlands from May 2021 to Nov 2021. RUST, MOORMAN, AND BHALLA 6 role—which may account for CCOs’ dubious distinction as having the shortest tenure of all C-suite executives. To be effective, the CCO role as we conceive it must be a powerful operational position, reporting to the CEO. This executive is respon- sible for designing and executing the firm’s customer relationship strategy and overseeing all customer-facing functions. A successful CCO promotes a customer-centric culture and re- moves obstacles to the flow of customer information throughout the organization. This includes getting leaders to regularly engage with customers. At USAA, top managers spend two or three hours a week on the call-center phones with customers. This not only shows employees how serious management is about customer interaction but helps managers understand customers’ concerns. Likewise, Tesco managers spend one week a year working in stores and interacting with customers as part of the Tesco Week in Store (TWIST) program. As managers shift their focus to customers, and customer information increasingly drives decisions, organizational structures that block information flow must be torn down. The reality is that despite large investments in acquiring customer data, most firms underutilize what they know. Information is tightly held, often because of a lack of trust, competition for promotions or resources, and the silo mentality. The CCO must create incentives that elimi- nate these counterproductive mind-sets. Ultimately, the CCO is accountable for increasing the profitability of the firm’s customers, as measured by metrics such as customer lifetime value (CLV) and customer equity as well as by intermediate indicators, such as word of mouth (or mouse). Customer managers In the new customer department, customer and segment managers identify customers’ product needs. Brand managers, under the cus- tomer managers’ direction, then supply the products that fulfill those needs. This requires shifting resources—principally people and budgets—and authority from product managers to customer managers. (See the sidebar “What Makes a Customer Manager?”) 171982 01 001-014 r1 ma.qxd 1/5/13 10:20 AM Page 6 For the exclusive use of P. Kadumuri, 2021. This document is authorized for use only by Pruthvi Raj Kadumuri in BADM 733, Strategic Marketing-Summer 2021 taught by Daniel Kanyam, University of the Cumberlands from May 2021 to Nov 2021. RETHINKING MARKETING 7 What Makes a Customer Manager? IN A SENSE, THE ROLE of customer manager is the ultimate expression of marketing (find out what the customer wants and fulfill the need) while the product manager is more aligned with the traditional selling mind-set (have product, find customer). Jim Spohrer, the director of Global University Programs at IBM, hires what UCal Berkeley professor Morten Hansen calls “T-shaped” people, who have broad expertise with depth in some areas. Customer managers will be most effective when they’re T-shaped, combining deep knowledge of particular customers or segments with broad knowledge of the firm and its products. These managers must also be sophisticated data interpreters, able to extract insights from the increasing amount of information about customers’ atti- tudes and activities acquired by mining blogs and other customer forums, monitoring online purchasing behavior, tracking retail sales, and using other types of analytics. While brand managers may be satisfied with examining the media usage statistics associated with their product, brand usage behavior, and brand chat in communities, customer managers will take a broader and more integrative view of the customer. For instance, when P&G managers responsible for the Max Factor and Cover Girl brands spent a week living on the budget of a low-end consumer, they were acting like customer managers. The experience gave these managers important insights into what P&G, not just the specific brands, could do to improve the lives of these customers. We’d expect the most effective customer managers to have broad training in the social sciences—psychology, anthropology, sociology, and economics— in addition to an understanding of marketing. They’d approach the cus- tomer as behavioral scientists rather than as marketing specialists, observing and collecting information about them, interacting with and learning from them, and synthesizing and disseminating what they learned. For business schools to stay relevant in training customer managers, the curriculum needs to shift its emphasis from marketing products to cultivat- ing customers. This structure is common in the B2B world. In its B2B activities, Procter & Gamble, for instance, has key account managers for major retailers like Wal-Mart. They are less interested in selling, say, Swiffers than in maximizing the value of the customer relationship over the long term. Some B2C companies use this structure as well, foremost among them retail financial institutions that put managers 171982 01 001-014 r1 ma.qxd 1/5/13 10:20 AM Page 7 For the exclusive use of P. Kadumuri, 2021. This document is authorized for use only by Pruthvi Raj Kadumuri in BADM 733, Strategic Marketing-Summer 2021 taught by Daniel Kanyam, University of the Cumberlands from May 2021 to Nov 2021. RUST, MOORMAN, AND BHALLA 8 in charge of segments—wealthy customers, college kids, retirees, and so forth—rather than products. In a customer-cultivating company, a consumer-goods segment manager might offer customers incentives to switch from less- profitable Brand A to more-profitable Brand B. This wouldn’t hap- pen in the conventional system, where brand and product managers call the shots. Brand A’s manager isn’t going to encourage customers to defect—even if that would benefit the company—because he’s rewarded for brand performance, not for improving CLV or some other long-term customer metric. This is no small change: It means that product managers must stop focusing on maximizing their products’ or brands’ profits and become responsible for helping cus- tomer and segment managers maximize theirs. Customer-facing functions As the nexus of customer-facing activity, the customer department assumes responsibility for some of the customer-focused functions that have left the marketing department in recent years and some that have not traditionally been part of it. CRM. Customer relationship management has been increasingly taken on by companies’ IT groups because of the technical capability CRM systems require, according to a Harte-Hanks survey of 300 companies in North America: 42\% of companies report that CRM is managed by the IT group, 31\% by sales, and only 9\% by marketing. Yet CRM is, ultimately, a tool for gauging customer needs and behaviors— the new customer department’s central role. It makes little sense for the very data required to execute a customer-cultivation strategy to be collected and analyzed outside the customer department. Of course, bringing CRM into the customer department means bringing IT and analytic skills in as well. Market research. The emphasis of market research changes in a customer-centric company. First, the internal users of market re- search extend beyond the marketing department to all areas of the organization that touch customers—including finance (the source of 171982 01 001-014 r1 ma.qxd 1/5/13 10:20 AM Page 8 For the exclusive use of P. Kadumuri, 2021. This document is authorized for use only by Pruthvi Raj Kadumuri in BADM 733, Strategic Marketing-Summer 2021 taught by Daniel Kanyam, University of the Cumberlands from May 2021 to Nov 2021. customer payment options) and distribution (the source of delivery timing and service). Second, the scope of analysis shifts from an aggregate view to an individual view of customer activities and value. Third, market research shifts its attention to acquiring the customer input that will drive improvements in customer-focused metrics such as CLV and customer equity. RETHINKING MARKETING 9 Reimagining the marketing department The traditional marketing department must be reconfigured as a customer department that puts building customer relationships ahead of pushing spe- cific products. To this end, product managers and customer-focused departments report to a chief customer officer instead of a CMO, and support the strategies of cus- tomer or segment managers. Chief customer officer CEO Customer relationship management Research and development Market research Customer service Product managers Customer segment managers A CB 171982 01 001-014 r1 ma.qxd 1/5/13 10:20 AM Page 9 For the exclusive use of P. Kadumuri, 2021. This document is authorized for use only by Pruthvi Raj Kadumuri in BADM 733, Strategic Marketing-Summer 2021 taught by Daniel Kanyam, University of the Cumberlands from May 2021 to Nov 2021. RUST, MOORMAN, AND BHALLA 10 Research and development. When a …