Fluent Essays

Research an economic opportunity that might be available within your health care setting that will provide ethical and culturally equitable improvements to the quality of care. Then, write a 2-4 page proposal for an initiative to take advantage of that opportunity, supported with economic data and an analysis of the prospective benefits. Introduction Note: Each assessment in this course builds upon the work you have completed in previous assessments. Therefore, you must complete the assessments in the order in which they are presented. Masters-level health care practitioners are charged with the responsibility of constantly scanning the external environment for shifts in the supply of, and demand for, services. Concurrently, leaders must examine their organizations strategic direction and determine whether adjustments must be made to current service offerings, whether equipment updates are needed, whether staffing models should be changed, and whether other decisions must be made. Each decision that is proposed must be evaluated in terms of the organization as a system, alignment with the organizations mission and strategy, available internal resources, potential contract and payer source implications, and the short- and long-term economic effects at both the micro and macro levels.   Preparation Research an economic opportunity that might be available within your health care setting—at both micro (departmental, neighborhood) and macro (organizational, community) levels—that you believe will provide ethical and culturally equitable improvements to the quality of care. Then, propose an initiative to take advantage of that opportunity. Support your proposal with economic data (sector growth, supply versus demand, cost versus reimbursement, et cetera) and an analysis of the prospective benefits for your department and for the organization overall. Such economic opportunities might include offering a new service line, working to improve a service line already offered, retiring an outdated or unprofitable service line, or any other initiative you believe will be of benefit to your organization in the short and long term. One example is a recently launched partnership with a local bicycle-sharing company. Your organization partners with them to host healthy community events that offer free screenings for early detection of various health issues. Free screenings help fulfill some of your organizations preventive and healthy lifestyle initiatives, while also potentially driving referrals to other services provided by your organization.  Note: Your proposal will serve as the basis for subsequent assessments in this course.  INSTRUCTIONS   The requirements for your proposal, outlined below, correspond to the scoring guide criteria, so be sure to address each main point. Read the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed. In addition, be sure to note the requirements for document forma, length, and supporting evidence. Explain why your proposed initiative presents a viable and beneficial economic opportunity for your organization. Describe your proposed service line or economic initiative. Explain why your proposal presents an economic opportunity at the micro level and macro level. Explain how your proposed initiative will provide ethical and culturally equitable improvements to the quality of care. Analyze the economic factors of supply and demand associated with your proposed initiative, within a context relevant to your organization or care setting. What do economic and demographic data suggest is the supply and demand? What additional information would improve your analysis? Explain how relevant economic and environmental data support your proposed initiative. How does the data illustrate a potential opportunity and the economic viability of your proposal? Write concisely and directly, using active voice. Proofread your proposal before you submit it to minimize errors that could distract readers and make it more difficult for them to focus on the substance of your proposal. Support main points, assertions, arguments, conclusions, or recommendations with relevant and credible evidence.  Example Assessment: You may use the following to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like:  (ATTACHED)   ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS Your assessment should also meet the following requirements: Format: Format your proposal using current APA style. Use the APA Style Paper Tutorial [DOCX] to help you in writing and formatting your proposal. Be sure to include: A title page and references page. An abstract is not required. A running head on all pages. Appropriate section headings. Length: Your proposal should be 2–4 pages in length, not including the title page and references page. Supporting evidence: Cite 3–5 authoritative and scholarly resources to support your proposal. Be sure that your sources include specific economic data.   Competencies Measured- GRADING RUBRIC By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment scoring guide criteria: Competency 1: Analyze the effects of financial and economic factors (such as cost-benefit, supply and demand, return on investment, and risks) in a health care system on patient care, services offered, and organizational structures and operation. Analyze the economic factors of supply and demand associated with a proposed initiative, within a context relevant to a particular organization or care setting. Competency 2: Develop ethical and culturally equitable solutions to economic problems within a health care organization in an effort to improve the quality of care and services offered. Explain why a proposed initiative presents a viable and beneficial economic opportunity for an organization. Competency 3: Justify the qualitative and quantitative information used to guide economic decision making to stakeholders and colleagues. Explain how relevant economic and environmental data support a proposed initiative. Competency 5: Produce clear, coherent, and professional written work, in accordance with Capella writing standards. Write concisely and directly using active voice. Support main points, assertions, arguments, conclusions, or recommendations with relevant and credible evidence. 1 Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited. Executive Brief: Proposal of New Economic Opportunity Learner’s Full Name School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Capella University NURS-FPX6008: Economics and Decision Making in Health Care Instructor’s Name Month, Year Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited. 2 Executive Brief: Proposal of New Economic Opportunity The primary objective of Whilborne Medical Center (WMC) has always been to deliver high-quality health care to the community. The medical center can take a step further in that direction by setting up a new urgent care center (UCC) within its premises. A UCC is a health care facility that provides immediate care, without a scheduled appointment, for injuries and illnesses that are not life-threatening and do not require admission to the emergency department (ED). The key characteristics of a UCC are reduced wait times, increased service hours, reduced costs, and quick service (Chang et al., 2015). WMC is located in an area that has around 3,000 locals whose urgent care needs may be met by the UCC. Additionally, WMC, being located near Maxima Industrial Park, receives a lot of cases of work-related injuries (e.g., minor burns, sprains, cuts, and abrasions) and other minor illnesses (e.g., fever, headache, ear infection, abdominal pain, and respiratory illnesses) that require immediate attention. Currently, such cases are handled by the medical center’s ED, which leads to overcrowding and reduced efficiency. Once the UCC is set up, such cases can be diverted to the UCC to ease the burden on the ED at the medical center. Outcomes of Starting an Urgent Care Center WMC has always strived to focus on the six areas of health care quality—timeliness, safety, patient-centeredness, efficiency, equity, and effectiveness—stated by the Institute of Medicine (IOM). Setting up a UCC will help the medical center achieve its vision of improving community health and delivering superior health care, irrespective of patients’ cultural background, age, gender, and socioeconomic status (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2016). Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited. 3 The new line of service will be convenient for patients with noncritical conditions that require immediate attention. They will not have to wait for several hours as they do at the medical center’s ED. They will be able to walk in without an appointment and avail after-hours health care services on all days of the week. Setting up a UCC will help the ED concentrate on critical, life-threatening medical cases; it will also improve the efficiency of the ED and the quality of care provided to patients (Qin et al., 2015). Expenses on technology and infrastructure are comparatively low for setting up the UCC. Consequently, the cost of health care services provided at the UCC will be low in comparison to the cost of health care services at the ED of the medical center. Moreover, a UCC is an affordable means of availing health care services for noncritical ailments (Qin et al., 2015). This makes it an economically viable health care solution for the neighborhood. With its services, the UCC will generate additional revenue for the medical center. Although setting up a UCC has several positive outcomes, it has some negative outcomes, too. One of the drawbacks of getting treated at a UCC is that patients are likely to get care from different physicians every time they visit the UCC. This may result in the physicians not knowing their patients’ personal or family health history, and the patients may not receive the same quality of care they receive at their primary care physician’s office. In addition, although wait times at UCCs are shorter than at EDs, patients could end up waiting longer than when they would see their primary care physician with an appointment on days that the UCCs have high footfall. Also, more staff may have to be hired at the UCC, which will entail additional costs for the medical center. Factors Influencing the Setting up of an Urgent Care Center Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited. 4 A UCC is a volume-driven business that is dependent on many economic and environmental factors. Environmental data suggests that WMC is a reputed medical center in the area and there are few health clinics in the vicinity. The walk-in facility at the UCC and its proximity to Maxima Industrial Park will make it a preferred option for employees working at the industrial park. As the industrial park consists mainly of manufacturing units, there is a high possibility of work-related injuries. Therefore, the UCC can expect a high number of visits from these employees. Also, most employees at these companies work in shifts and sometimes on weekends. This is a great opportunity for the UCC as it plans to offer health care services even in the evenings and on weekends. The capital cost of the project is estimated to be $350,000. It will include the cost of construction, equipment, and furniture. There will be no land cost because the UCC will be built within WMC’s premises. One half of the required funds will be procured through a bank loan; the other half will be funded using the medical center’s reserves. It is assumed that an average of 357 patients will visit the UCC every week and the consultation fee for each patient will be around $156 (AMN Healthcare, 2015; Yakobi, 2017). Calculations suggest that the UCC will record a cash surplus in the first five years. This illustrates that starting a UCC will be an economically viable opportunity for the medical center. Analysis of Supply and Demand for the Urgent Care Center Aside from the 3,000 locals in the area who might benefit from the UCC at WMC, there is a large client base at the industrial park located near the center. Maxima Industrial Park comprises 10 companies, each having an employee strength of 2,000–3,000 individuals. In all, about 30,000 employees work here. There are just two primary health clinics and a retail health clinic around the industrial park, and WMC is the only multispecialty medical center located Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited. 5 within a 5-mile radius. Therefore, there are not enough facilities in the vicinity to cater to the medical needs of employees working in the industrial park, creating a supply–demand gap. Being the only multispecialty medical center near the industrial park, WMC receives a lot of cases pertaining to work-related injuries and minor illnesses that require immediate attention. This overloads the ED of the medical center with noncritical cases and hinders it from being able to focus on patients admitted for treatment of critical, life-threatening diseases. Establishing a UCC within WMC’s premises will contribute toward bridging the supply–demand gap without compromising on the quality of health care delivered. While analyzing the data pertaining to the supply and demand for the proposed UCC, areas of uncertainty have been identified. The successful implementation of this proposal would depend on receiving timely approval of the planned bank loan and approval from the board of directors of the medical center to allocate funds to support this proposal. Another area of uncertainty is the level of awareness of UCCs in the neighborhood. Therefore, there may be a need to create awareness of the functions and necessity of a UCC. Patients may not want to avail services at the UCC because of their lack of awareness, and this might negatively impact revenue estimates. Conclusion Setting up a UCC will reduce the burden on the ED at WMC, making it more efficient. Patients will receive accessible, high-quality, affordable care without a scheduled appointment, and they will benefit from the after-hours care. Also, the UCC will bring in additional revenue for the medical center and help acquire new patients. Therefore, setting up a UCC within WMC’s premises will be a lucrative economic opportunity. Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited. 6 References Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2016). The six domains of health care quality. https://ahrq.gov/professionals/quality-patient- safety/talkingquality/create/sixdomains.html AMN Healthcare. (2015). Convenient care: Growth and staffing trends in urgent care and retail medicine. https://amnhealthcare.com/uploadedFiles/MainSite/Content/Healthcare_Industry_Insights /Industry_Research/AMN\%2015\%20W001_Convenient\%20Care\%20Whitepaper(1).pdf Chang, J. E., Brundage, S. C., & Chokshi, D. A. (2015, July 23). Convenient ambulatory care — Promise, pitfalls, and policy. The New England Journal of Medicine, 373(4), 382–388. Qin, H., Prybutok, G. L., Prybutok, V. R., & Wang, B. (2015). Quantitative comparisons of urgent care service providers. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 28(6), 574–594. Yakobi, R. (2017). Impact of urgent care centers on emergency department visits. Health Care: Current Reviews, 5(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2375-4273.1000204 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2375-4273.1000204 Outcomes of Starting an Urgent Care Center Factors Influencing the Setting up of an Urgent Care Center Analysis of Supply and Demand for the Urgent Care Center Conclusion 1 11 Document Format: Margins are 1 in. (2.54 cm) on all sides. All text in the document should be double-spaced. The font is 12-point Times New Roman. Other choices are 11-point Arial and 11-point Calibri. The title page is page 1. There is no running head for learner assignments. (See Academic Writer: Publication Manual §§ 2.1–2.24 for paper requirements.) Full Title of Your Paper Comment by Author: APA Style: Sample Papers shows the title page for a student paper. Learner’s Full Name (no credentials) School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Capella University Course Number: Course Name Instructor’s Name Month, Year Comment by Author: The due date Abstract An abstract is useful in professional papers, but not always in learner assignments. In fact, unless you are instructed by your faculty or in the course syllabus, do not expect to use abstracts very often at Capella. If you are submitting for publication, remember to check with the journal or professional organization about their criteria for an abstract. The abstract tells your reader about the article, is brief, and stands alone, so no citations are included. The format for an abstract is a single paragraph (not indented on the first line) that follows the title page and is less than 250 words in length. A structured abstract will have a single paragraph without indentation but having labels (e.g., Objective, Method, Results, and Conclusions) on the same line as the text and bold. For published works, the publishing organization will give you guidance on these. However, for student papers, no abstract is needed unless the faculty request one or the assignment requires it. Remember, no citations. Comment by Author: See Academic Writer: Publication Manual §§ 2.9–2.10 (p. 38 in the APA manual) for more information on abstracts. Keywords: include keywords in the abstract—they should be labeled like this, with the words all in lowercase and separated by commas. Only the first line is indented, like a regular paragraph. No period at the end. APA Style Seventh Edition Paper Template: A Resource for Academic Writing Comment by Author: New in APA seventh style—this heading is a regular Level 1 and should be bold. American Psychological Association (APA) style is one of the most popular methods used to cite sources in the social sciences, but it is not the only one. When writing papers in the programs offered at Capella University, you will likely use APA style. This document serves as an APA style resource for the seventh edition guidelines, containing valuable information that you can use when writing academic papers. For more information on APA style, refer to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, also referred to as the APA manual (American Psychological Association, 2020b). Comment by Author: Another important resource for Capella learners is Academic Writer. The first section of this paper shows how an introduction effectively introduces the reader to the topic of the paper. In APA style, an introduction never gets a heading. For example, this section did not begin with a heading titled “Introduction,” unlike the following section, which is titled “Writing an Effective Introduction.” The following section will explain in greater detail a model that can be used to effectively write an introduction in an academic paper. The remaining sections of the paper will continue to address APA style and effective writing concepts, including section headings, organizing information, the conclusion, and the reference list. Comment by Author: See also Academic Writer: Introduction. Writing an Effective Introduction Comment by Author: Level 1 section heading An effective introduction often consists of four main components, including (a) the position statement, thesis, or hypothesis, which describes the author’s main position; (b) the purpose, which outlines the objective of the paper; (c) the background, which is general information needed to understand the content of the paper; and (d) the approach, which is the process or methodology the author uses to achieve the purpose of the paper. This information will help readers understand what will be discussed in the paper. It can also serve as a tool to grab the reader’s attention. Authors may choose to briefly reference sources that will be identified later in the paper as in this example (American Psychological Association, 2020a; American Psychological Association, 2020b). The Writing Center has developed the acronym POETS to help describe the proper writing style for submissions. POETS is the acronym for purpose, organization, evidence, tone, and sentence structure (Capella Writing Center, n.d.). There will be more on this later. Comment by Author: This is the format for a complex list within a sentence. The items begin with lowercase letters and are separated by appropriate punctuation. Related items can also be set off from the text and presented as numbered or bulleted lists. For more information on lists, see Academic Writer: Lists. Comment by Author: When you have two sources with the same author and date, use a lowercase a, b, c, after the year and alphabetize the sources in the reference list according to the title. For the same author but no date, use n.d.-a and n.d.-b as the date. See Academic Writer: Alphabetizing the Reference List for more information. In an introduction, the writer will often present something of interest to capture the reader’s attention and introduce the issue. Adding an obvious statement of purpose helps the reader know what to expect, while helping the writer to focus and stay on task. For example, this paper will address several components necessary to effectively write an academic paper, including how to write an introduction, how to write effective paragraphs, and how to effectively use APA style. Level 1 Section Heading Is Centered, Bold, and Title Case Comment by Author: Something new in APA seventh style—all headings are double-spaced, bold, and written in title case. See Academic Writer: Heading Levels. Using section headings can be an effective method of organizing an academic paper. Section headings are not required according to APA style; however, they can significantly improve the quality of a paper by helping both the reader and the author, as will soon be discussed. Comment by Author: In POETS, this is the O for organization. See Writing Center: Organization. Level 2 Section Heading Is Aligned Left, Bold, and Title Case The heading style recommended by APA consists of five levels (APA, 2020b, pp. 47–48). This document contains multiple levels to demonstrate how headings are structured according to APA style. Immediately before the previous paragraph, a Level 1 section heading was used. That section heading describes how a Level 1 heading should be written, which is centered, bold, and using uppercase and lowercase letters (also referred to as title case). For another example, see the section heading “Writing an Effective Introduction” on page 3 of this document. The heading is centered and bold and uses uppercase and lowercase letters. If used properly, section headings can significantly contribute to the quality of a paper by helping the reader, who wants to understand the information in the document, and the author, who desires to effectively describe it. Section Heading Purposes Comment by Author: This is a Level 3 heading. Notice it is aligned left, bold, italic, and title case. The paragraph begins on a new line. See Academic Writer: Heading Levels. Section Headings Help the Reader. Section headings serve multiple purposes, including helping the reader understand what is being addressed in each section, maintain an interest in the paper, and choose what they want to read. For example, if the reader of this document wants to learn more about writing an effective introduction, the previous section heading clearly states that is where information can be found. When subtopics are needed to explain concepts in greater detail, different levels of headings are used according to APA style. Comment by Author: This is a Level 4 heading—it is indented, bold, and title case. The heading ends in a period, and the text begins on the same line as the heading. Section Headings Help the Author. Section headings not only help the reader; they also help the author organize the document during the writing process. Section headings can be used to arrange topics in a logical order, and they can help an author manage the length of the paper. In addition to an effective introduction and the use of section headings, each paragraph of an academic paper can be written in a manner that helps the reader stay engaged. Comment by Author: Level 4 heading Section Headings Can Demonstrate Fine Detail. Short papers and assignments may not require or need a Level 5 heading, but these will be indented, bold, italic, and title case and end with a period. Note the text starts on the line at the end of the heading following the period. Comment by Author: Level 5 heading How to Write Effective Paragraphs Comment by Author: The Writing at Capella multimedia presentation will help you understand the POETS model. Capella University’s Writing Center (n.d.) has adopted a new set of writing standards to assist learners in their goals to improve their scholarly writing. It is based on five skills known by the mnemonic POETS. In other words, a well-developed Capella paper will demonstrate the following standards. The paper will have a clear purpose statement, be logically organized, utilize current and appropriate evidence that is properly cited, maintain a scholarly tone, and demonstrate proper grammar and writing mechanics in the sentence structure (Capella Writing Center, n.d.). Academic writing is sometimes considered dry and boring. A learning experience may need that formula to encourage learning in different ways as the learner moves from passive learner to active scholar. This growth, according to Gilmore et al. (2019), requires the writer to not only think but also to write differently. Comment by Author: Notice the et al. here—this article has four authors. In APA seventh style, any source with three or more authors will use et al. for every citation, eliminating the need to remember when this appropriate. For more information, see Academic Writer: Citing References in Text. Bias-Free Language In the seventh edition of the APA manual, another focus is on eliminating bias in language in order to provide a more inclusive tone in scholarly writing. While long considered a grammar issue, it is acceptable in APA to utilize they as a singular pronoun (APA, 2020b). In fact, there is an entire chapter of the manual dedicated to ways to reduce bias in scholarly writing. It is important to use an appropriate level of specificity in descriptions and use sensitivity with the use of labels. Other sections include guidelines on age, disability, gender, race and ethnicity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and participation in research. Be aware of intersectionality, a term used to describe a person based on their identified multiple identities, interconnectivity, social context, power relations, complexity, social justice, and inequalities that can result in oppression (Cole, 2019; Hopkins, 2017). Comment by Author: See Academic Writer: Intersectionality for the guidelines. Comment by Author: Note the two citations—in a single set of parentheses and separated by a semicolon. The citations are listed alphabetically. Considering Direct Quotations Another important point to consider is the use of direct quotations in papers. While plagiarism is considered an academic integrity issue, many learners are concerned with issues such as self-plagiarism and unintentional plagiarism, and there are others who may go as far as purchasing papers for submission (Colella & Alahmadi, 2019). As a learner travels along their chosen academic pathway, their writing skills and mechanics are expected to improve. It is imperative that the learner transition from finding information and quoting the author word for word to using the information to support an idea, paraphrase, and then synthesize and express the findings in one’s own words. Having said that, there are situations in which quotations may be appropriate, so it is important to cite them properly. According to the seventh edition of the APA manual, “When quoting directly, always provide the author, year, and page number of the quotation in the in-text citation in either parenthetical or narrative format” (APA, 2020b, p. 270). If there are not page numbers, identify the location in another manner (such as a paragraph number). Comment by Author: Notice the quotation marks around the quoted text and the placement of the punctuation after the parenthetical citation. See Academic Writer: Quotation Marks for more on the use of quotation marks. Notice that the above quote contains fewer than 40 words. There is a different style for quotes containing 40 words or more. These longer quotes use a block quotation format: Do not use quotation marks to enclose a block quotation. Start a block quotation on a new line and indent the whole block 0.5 in. from the left margin. If there are additional paragraphs within the quotation, indent the first line of each subsequent paragraph an additional 0.5 in. Double-space the entire block quotation; do not add extra space before or after it. Either (a) cite the source in parentheses after the quotation’s final punctuation or (b) cite the author and year in the narrative before the quotation and place only the page number in parentheses after the quotation’s final punctuation. Do not add a period after the closing parenthesis in either case. (APA, 2020b, p. 272) Comment by Author: Notice there is no period after this citation in a block quote—it looks odd, but it is APA style. See Academic Writer: Quotation Marks. Conclusion A summary and conclusion section, which can also be the discussion section of an APA style paper, is the final opportunity for the author to make a lasting impression on the reader. The author can begin by restating opinions or positions and summarizing the most important points that have been presented in the paper. For example, this paper was written to demonstrate to readers how to effectively use APA style when writing academic papers. Various components of an APA style paper that were discussed or displayed in the form of examples include a title page, introduction section, levels of section headings and their use, the POETS format, bias-free language, in-text citations, a conclusion, and the reference list. References Comment by Author: Remember all headings are bold. American Psychological Association. (2020a). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct (2002, amended effective June 1, 2010, and January 1, 2017). https://doi.org.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx American Psychological Association. (2020b). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). Comment by Author: This is something new in APA seventh style—you no longer need the location of the publisher for print books. Also note that if the author is the publisher, it is only listed as the author. This guideline is found on page 324 of the APA manual. Capella University. (n.d.). Writing Center. https://campus.capella.edu/writing-center/home Cole, N. L. (2019, October 13). Definition of intersectionality: On the intersecting nature of privileges and oppression. ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/intersectionality-definition-3026353 Colella, J., & Alahmadi, H. (2019). Combating plagiarism from a transformation viewpoint. Journal of Transformative Learning, 6(1), 59–67. https://jotl.uco.edu/index.php/jotl/article/view/184 Gilmore, S., Harding, N., Helin, J., & Pullen, A. (2019). Writing differently. Management Learning, 50(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350507618811027 Hopkins, P. (2017). Social geography I: Intersectionality. Progress in Human Geography, 43(5), 937–947. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132517743677 Appendix Comment by Author: See Academic Writer: Publication Manual § 2.14 for more on appendices. Tips for the Reference List · Always begin a reference list on a new page. It should be placed before any appendices, figures, or tables and titled References. · Set a hanging indent that starts with the second line and is double-spaced. You can look in the Paragraph menu of Microsoft Word for formatting the hanging indent so that you will not have to tab the indent. It gives the text a smoother look that remains consistent, even if you make edits. · The reference list is in alphabetical order by the first author’s last name. A reference list only contains sources that are cited in the body of the paper, and all sources cited in the body of the paper must be included in the reference list. If you did not cite it, do not list it. · The reference list above contains an example of how to cite a source when two documents are written in the same year by the same author. · The lowercase letters are used after the date to differentiate the sources. The “a” reflects the alphabetical order in the reference list—not whether it appeared first in the text. · The year is also displayed using this method for the corresponding in-text citations, as in the following sentence: The author of the first citation (American Psychological Association, 2020b) is also the publisher; therefore, the word Author is no longer used in the seventh edition. · DOI is the digital object identifier. · It can be found on the first page of an article, on the copyright page of a book, in the database record of a work, or by searching Crossref. · Even if the book is in print, if there is a DOI, use it. · Always use the hyperlink format for a DOI—it will always start with https://doi.org/ and will be followed by a number. If the DOI is not in this format, convert it. Do not alter this format, and do not add a final period. · There is a short DOI service at http://shortdoi.org/. · URL is the uniform resource locator. · If there is no DOI, the URL should be used in the reference. · Copy and paste the URL directly into your list. · Do not add a period at the end. · Do use “Retrieved from” before a URL. · The Colella and Alahmadi reference is an example of how to cite a source using a URL. Please note that you will not use the Capella link that is often provided in the courseroom. If the URL contains a database title, such as EBSCO or ProQuest, or the name Capella, do not use that in your citation as it will only work for Capella learners and faculty. · For examples and further information on references go to: · Academic Writer: Sample References. · Academic Writer: Reference List. 1 Document F ormat: M argins are 1 in. (2.54 cm) on all sides. All text in the document should be double - spaced . The font is 12 - point Times New Roman . Other choices are 11 - point Arial and 11 - point Calibri. The title page is page 1. There is no r unning head for learner a ssignments . (See Academic Writer: Publication Manual §§ 2.1 – 2. 2 4 for paper requirements . ) Full Title of Your Paper Learner ’ s Full Name (no credentials) School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Capella University Cou rse Number: Course N ame Instructor ’s Name Month, Y ear 1 Document Format: Margins are 1 in. (2.54 cm) on all sides. All text in the document should be double-spaced. The font is 12-point Times New Roman. Other choices are 11-point Arial and 11-point Calibri. The title page is page 1. There is no running head for learner assignments. (See Academic Writer: Publication Manual §§ 2.1–2.24 for paper requirements.) Full Title of Your Paper Learner’s Full Name (no credentials) School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Capella University Course Number: Course Name Instructor’s Name Month, Year