Fluent Essays

Unit 7 Course Paper Attached Files:  PSY102 Course Paper Assignment and Rubric.docx PSY102 Course Paper Assignment and Rubric.docx - Alternative Formats (89.525 KB) Your course paper is now due. Use the feedback from your paper resources and outline assignments to guide your final version for submission. PSY102 – Fundamentals of Psychology II Course Paper Assignment Due: by 11:59pm EST on Sunday at the end of Unit 7 You are required to complete one course paper during the 8-week module; it will be due at the end of Unit 7. Please note that PRIOR to completing the course paper you will complete two other assignments that are designed to help you write a successful course paper. These include: 1. Course paper resources assignment due by Sunday of Unit 3 2. Course paper outline assignment due by Sunday of UNIT 5 These assignments are designed to help you complete your paper in stages. You will be graded on these assignments and receive feedback from your instructor so you will be comfortable that you are on the “right track” to complete the course paper in UNIT 7. The requirements for your course paper are as follows: · Written in the format of the most current (7th) edition of the APA manual. · This type of research paper is similar to a literature review in that you will be discussing what information is currently known about your topic. · Include a discussion of psychological theory AND key research findings relevant to your chosen topic (below). Your incorporation of theory and research should come from the information you find through your reading of scholarly sources and journal articles (from your course paper resources assignment due in UNIT 3). · Include specific examples that support theory and research. · Please note that this is NOT an opinion essay. · Note: Topic # 2 (see below) is an exception to the last four bullet points above. · The body of the paper must be five full pages in length, not including APA style title page and References page. · Each paper must be a Word document, double spaced with size 12 Times New Roman font and 1 inch margins on all sides. · Please use complete sentences, appropriate grammar, spelling, and a minimum of 4 SCHOLARLY references (you may use your textbook as one reference). Please be sure to avoid using Internet sources such as Wikipedia or other web-based resources that do not have strong academic backing. · You will also be required to use in-text references in your work in accordance with APA style to avoid plagiarism.  Plagiarism detection software will be used to scan each paper. Refer to the rubric below for a guideline as to how your paper will be graded. Students are strongly encouraged to use the writing center ([email protected]) for assistance with all assignments. Each paper must be submitted via Blackboard; emailed copies will not be accepted. Policies in regard to turning work in late also apply to these assignments . Course Paper Topics: Please choose ONE of the following topics below for your paper. Use at least four scholarly resources to support your ideas. · For a variety of reasons, many individuals have a hard time with their memory. Discuss at least three ways that an individual can improve his/her memory and also at least three conditions that could prevent an individual from accurately retrieving items from his/her memory. Be sure to provide real-life examples to help demonstrate your understanding of these concepts. · Do you think that hypnosis is real or fake? Using scholarly resources, discuss current theories and research on hypnosis related to its effectiveness as a therapeutic technique. · Feeling good or miserable makes an enormous difference in our day-to-day well-being. Emotions are also important in relating to others. Losing your temper can alienate friends or lead to other interpersonal and practical difficulties. Describe the James-Lang Theory. Using scholarly sources, provide basic information about the theory, and use a minimum of three real-life examples from your personal life to demonstrate this important theory. · Bilingualism is an important asset in our increasingly diverse and global culture.  Discuss current research on the many positive effects of bilingualism (e.g. psychological, cultural, and neurobiological effects). · Meditation is an important strategy for coping with stress. Discuss current research on the many positive effects of meditation on psychological and physical well-being. · To discuss the differences between top-down and bottom-up processing, view the paragraph below. In thinking about these two concepts, how do these theories apply to the below example?  Provide some background information about these two concepts in terms of perception in your paper. Can you provide an example in your written assignment that also demonstrates these concepts? Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn’t mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoetnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be at the rghit pclae. The rset can be a toatl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. · Choose two research methodologies (ex. observation, survey, correlation, experimental).  Define the two methodologies, compare and contrast them, and discuss the pros and cons of each.  If you were going to conduct a research study on the topic of your choice, how would you use these two methods to test your hypothesis?  Include a discussion of ethical considerations you would need to consider. · Explain how attitudes are changed through persuasion, and describe how attitudes and behavior influence one another. Please be sure to use at least three scholarly research examples to support your ideas. · Define cognitive dissonance. Provide an example of cognitive dissonance from your own experience. Explain why cognitive dissonance can cause attitude change. Please be sure to use at least three scholarly research examples to support your ideas. · Define social influence and conformity, and describe the factors that influence conformity. Please discuss a recent example from the news (global, national, or local) that helps demonstrate these concepts. Also, please be sure to use at least three scholarly research examples to support your ideas. Refer to the grading rubric on the next page for grading criteria. Students: Be sure to read the criteria, by which your paper/project will be evaluated, before you write, and again after you write. Evaluation Rubric for Course Paper Assignment CRITERIA Deficient Development Needed Proficient Exemplary 0 – 35 points 36- 47 points 48 – 53 points 54 - 60 points Content Subject matter is minimally addressed. Opinions are offered but arguments lack scholarly backing. Subject matter is adequately addressed. Arguments are partially supported by scholarly research. Subject matter is fairly well addressed. Arguments are supported by scholarly research but could be further elaborated with specific details. Subject matter is thoroughly addressed. Arguments are well elaborated and fully supported with scholarly research and specific examples. 0 – 8 points 9 – 11 points 12 – 13 points 14 - 15 points Scholarly Sources One or no scholarly sources are used. Two to three scholarly sources are included but are not well represented within the paper. Four scholarly sources are included but content discussion is not well represented within the paper. Four scholarly sources are included. Scholarly source content is well represented within the paper. 0 – 8 points 9 – 11 points 12 – 13 points 14 - 15 points Structure and Flow Flow is poor. Paragraphing is inappropriate. Transitions are minimal or absent. Significant redundancy is evident. Flow is adequate. Paragraphs may be too long or too short. Transitions are minimal and redundancy is evident. Flow is good. Paragraphing is mostly appropriate. Transitions are present and redundancies are minimal. Flow is excellent. Paragraphing is clear and transitions are smooth and consistent. Inappropriate redundancies are absent. 0 – 5 points 6 – 7 points 8 points 9 - 10 points Clear and professional writing and format Errors impede professional presentation; guidelines not followed. Numerous errors somewhat interfere with professional presentation. Few errors that do not impede professional presentation. Writing and format is clear, professional, APA compliant, and error free. Note: Failure to incorporate feedback from the course paper outline assignment will result in up to a 10-point grade deduction on this assignment. Grade: __________________ Student did incorporate feedback did not incorporate feedback (- ____ points) Revised Grade: _______________ UNIT 3 ASSIGNMENT 2 Unit 3 Assignment – Paper Resources Assignment CeTreiva Whitmore Lockett Post University PSY101 – Fundamentals of Psychology Professor Stephen Eder July 18, 2021 Paper Topics: Cognitive Dissonance and Attitude Changes 1st Source Petty, R. E., & Briñol, P. (2015). Emotion and persuasion: Cognitive and meta-cognitive processes impact attitudes. Cognition and Emotion, 29(1), 1-26. Permalink: https://postu.idm.oclc.org/login?auth=prodbb&url=http://search.ebscohost.com.postu.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=99237091&site=ehost-live&scope=site Summary: The article discusses how emotions may impact attitudes and persuasion in a variety of ways, including primary and secondary (meta-) cognition. They referred to the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. The five essential processes occur at distinct stages of the elaboration process. When the breadth of ones thinking is limited, feelings affect attitudes through relatively simple mechanisms that lead them to change in a way that aligns with the valency of the emotion. Emotions may be used to support a proposal if they are connected to the merits of the advocacy, or they can be used to bias thinking if the emotion precedes the message. Some theories have gone further into these fundamental processes, but none have integrated them into a single framework. Relationship to topic: I plan to write on attitudes in my paper. I will talk about how attitudes influence persuasion. The article will describe some of the ways in which attitudes influence persuasion. The next topic Ill cover is the influence of attitudes and habits on persuasion. 2nd Source Itzchakov, G., Uziel, L., & Wood, W. (2018). When attitudes and habits don’t correspond: Self-control depletion increases persuasion but not behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 75, 1-10. Permalink: https://postu.idm.oclc.org/login?auth=prodbb&url=http://search.ebscohost.com.postu.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=127387291&site=ehost-live&scope=site Summary This articles review discusses the influence attitudes and habits have on persuasion. Just because someones mindset has shifted does not imply that they have changed their conduct. Attitudes do not always entail the same psychological processes as altering behavior, because social psychology is still in its early stages of understanding the many mechanisms involved. They conducted a three-part study to communicate this insight by demonstrating that the moderators of attitude change are not always the moderators of behavior change. Despite the fact that they conducted three investigations, the results of all three were identical to what they advise. Relationship to the topic: I plan to write on attitudes in my article. Ill be looking into how attitudes affect persuasion. The study demonstrates some of the ways attitudes influence persuasion. Following that, Ill go through the impact attitudes and behaviors have on one another. 3rd Source Redondo, I., & Puelles, M. (2017). The connection between environmental attitude–behavior gap and other individual inconsistencies: a call for strengthening self-control. International research in geographical and environmental education, 26(2), 107-120. Permalink: https://postu.idm.oclc.org/login?auth=prodbb&url=http://search.ebscohost.com.postu.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=121664288&site=ehost-live&scope=site Summary The environmental attitude-behavior gap is observed in certain persons as a sign of a lack of self-control in maintaining consistency in many aspects of life. Prior empirical data was lacking; intuition implies that the environmental attitude behavior gap is nondependent; rather, it is more related to other individual discrepancies. The rational approach indicates that self-control is vital. In theory, conduct is believed to be translated into intentions, which are influenced by attitude. Relationship to the topic: In my paper, Ill discuss how attitudes and conduct impact one another. The article illustrates some of the ways in which attitude impacts behavior. Following that, I will discuss a research that looked at the variables that impact attitude and behavior. 4th Source Postmus, J. L., McMahon, S., Warrener, C., & Macri, L. (2011). Factors that influence attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of students toward survivors of violence. Journal of Social Work Education, 47(2), 303-319. Permalink: https://postu.idm.oclc.org/login?auth=prodbb&url=http://search.ebscohost.com.postu.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=63031510&site=ehost-live&scope=site Summary The studys aim was to identify out how education, training, and personal or professional experiences influence students attitudes, beliefs, and behavior toward survivors. In that study, they observed that educational and training decreases students blaming attitudes and beliefs, which encourage myths. It also improves their screening behavior, according to the findings. Professional experience was found to predict screening behavior when paired with indirect personal experience, while direct personal experience had no effect. The research results supplied researchers with critical information for schools to better teach students on how to assist survivors of certain crimes. Relationship to the topic In my paper, Ill discuss how attitudes and conduct impact one another. The study provided insight into some of the factors that determine attitude and conduct by examining how big of an impact experiences have on someones life in relation to survivors of violent crimes. UNIT 3 ASSIGNMENT 1 Unit 3 Assignment – Paper Resources Assignment CeTreiva Whitmore Lockett Post University PSY101 – Fundamentals of Psychology Professor Stephen Eder J u l y 18 , 2021 UNIT 3 ASSIGNMENT 1 Unit 3 Assignment – Paper Resources Assignment CeTreiva Whitmore Lockett Post University PSY101 – Fundamentals of Psychology Professor Stephen Eder July 18, 2021 UNIT 5 ASSIGNMENT 2 Unit 5 Assignment – Paper Outline Assignment CeTreiva Whitmore Lockett Post University PSY101 – Fundamentals of Psychology Professor Stephen Eder August 1, 2021 Comments Feedback to Learner8/2/21 5:49 PM Hi Cetreiva! Excellent outline!  You touch on a wide range of issues that affect cognitive dissonance.  It is a challenging topic to consider, but you have done a good job of summarizing its major points.  I look forward to reading the final paper! 1. Introduction 1. Topic sentence: The mind is conflicted with one’s beliefs or values and will try to reduce the feeling of discomfort and conflict by altering attitudes and beliefs. Emotions impact attitudes in a variety of ways that include primary and secondary cognition in ways that involve one’s limitation of breadth thinking that affect individual’s attitude through relatively simple mechanism that lead to change in a way that aligns with the valency of the emotion (Petty & Brinol, 2015). 1. Emotions may be utilized to support a proposal if they are linked to the advocacys merits, or they can be used to skew thinking if the emotion comes before. Although several theories have delved further into these underlying processes, none have managed to bring them all together in a single framework. 1. The most difficult aspect of change is changing ones attitude, as some people find it extremely difficult to change their ideas. Smokers are one of the finest instances of this. They may have been a long-time smoker or have just been smoking for a few months or years when they enroll in a research study that reveals numerous new information regarding the dangers of smoking, such as lung cancer. 1. People will also try to defend their decision to lessen the dissonance caused by the conflict.  1. Theme 1: Attitude and belief influence on persuasion 1. Topic Sentence: People may try to use rationalization to alleviate dissonance caused by a loss of self-control that promotes persuasion rather than behavior. 1. There are two types of justification: external and internal. When discordant conduct occurs outside of the individual, external justification occurs, while internal justification occurs when there is no external justification and the dissonance is reduced by altering something about oneself (Itzchakov, Uziel, & Wood, 2018). 1. The thought of justification triggers the need to make explanations for an action to make it appear more acceptable to oneself than it actually was. Just because someones perspective has changed doesnt mean theyve altered their behavior (Itzchakov, Uziel, & Wood, 2018). 1. Situational forces do not necessarily influence attitudes and thoughts, but they can be deliberately modified by ones own free will. Variables that improve the relevance of ones attitude through thinking, elaborative processing, or personal significance of the attitude object have a corresponding influence on belief retrieval, development, and change. 1. The majority of the time, but not always, behaviors reflect pre-existing ideas and attitudes. Beyond attitude, a variety of variables can affect behavior, including assumptions about oneself and others, monetary considerations, social influences (what peers and community members say and do), and comfort. 1. Since social psychology is still in the early stages of understanding the various mechanisms involved, changing attitudes does not always include the same psychological processes as changing behavior. The moderators of behavior change arent necessarily the same as the moderators of attitude change. 1. Theme 2: How attitudes and conduct impact one another. 1. Topic sentence: Attitudes may influence a persons conduct in either a favorable or bad way. 1. Some peoples attitude-behavior gap is simply one indication of their lack of self-control in many other areas of life (Redondo, & Puelles, 2017). 1. In the lack of scientific proof, intuition implies that the attitude-behavior divide is linked to other personal inconsistencies. 1. Individuals who place a higher value on their own attitudes and feelings are more inclined to act on those attitudes, and so attitude and action are intertwined. Furthermore, when people feel more responsible for their own acts rather than being part of a group, their attitudes and conduct are more consistent. 1. People may, for example, change their attitudes in order to better match them with their actions. Cognitive dissonance is a psychological phenomenon in which a person experiences difficulties as a result of competing thoughts or beliefs. People may modify their attitudes to mirror their other ideas or real behaviors in order to relieve psychological strain (Petty & Brinol, 2015). 1.  As a result, when people pay more attention to their own attitudes and feelings, they are more inclined to act on them, and so attitude and behavior are intertwined. When people feel more responsible for their own acts rather than being part of a group, their attitudes and conduct are more consistent. 1. Theme 3: Education, training and experiences influence on attitudes, beliefs, and behavior 1. Topic Education, training and personal or professional experience influence positive attitudes on people 1. Educational and training decreases students blaming attitudes and beliefs, which encourage myths. It also improves their screening behavior, according to the findings. Professional experience predicts screening behavior when paired with indirect personal experience, while direct personal experience does not have effect on individual’s attitude (Postmus et.al, 2011). 1. Learning is a method of substantiating, examining, and validating truths through a planned activity, a model of dynamic action, or an action plan. It is an experience-organizing and self-organizing activity for the creation and reconstruction of ones own bio-psycho-social-cultural uniqueness. 1. From the standpoint of the subject-object connection, the issue of attitude may be understood. The subject has a variety of interactions with the object (Postmus, 2011). In such interactions, the subject does not appear consistently, but rather differentiates itself in response to various objects. Conclusion 1. Topic sentence: Cognitive dissonance goes hand in hand with changing attitudes because when our prior attitudes clash with our new actions, we typically adjust our attitudes to align with our new actions to eliminate the sense of discord. 1. Summary of main conclusions: Cognitive consistency is one way to avoid this since it maintains everything in balance and prevents conflict and pain. When someone is experiencing dissonance, they try to alleviate it in one of three ways: altering one of their cognitions, defending their decision, or adding cognitions to the circumstance. References Itzchakov, G., Uziel, L., & Wood, W. (2018). When attitudes and habits don’t correspond: Self-control depletion increases persuasion but not behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 75, 1-10. Petty, R. E., & Briñol, P. (2015). Emotion and persuasion: Cognitive and meta-cognitive processes impact attitudes. Cognition and Emotion, 29(1), 1-26. Postmus, J. L., McMahon, S., Warrener, C., & Macri, L. (2011). Factors that influence attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of students toward survivors of violence. Journal of Social Work Education, 47(2), 303-319. Redondo, I., & Puelles, M. (2017). The connection between environmental attitude–behavior gap and other individual inconsistencies: a call for strengthening self-control. International research in geographical and environmental education, 26(2), 107-120. UNIT 5 ASSIGNMENT 1 Unit 5 Assignment – Paper Outline Assignment CeTreiva Whitmore Lockett Post University PSY101 – Fundamentals of Psychology Professor Stephen Eder August 1, 2021 Comments Feedback to Learner 8/2/21 5:49 PM Hi Cetreiva! Excellen t outline! You touch on a wide range of issues that affect cognitive dissonance. It is a challenging topic to consider, but you have done a good job of summarizing its major points. I look forward to reading the final paper! UNIT 5 ASSIGNMENT 1 Unit 5 Assignment – Paper Outline Assignment CeTreiva Whitmore Lockett Post University PSY101 – Fundamentals of Psychology Professor Stephen Eder August 1, 2021 Comments Feedback to Learner8/2/21 5:49 PM Hi Cetreiva! Excellent outline! You touch on a wide range of issues that affect cognitive dissonance. It is a challenging topic to consider, but you have done a good job of summarizing its major points. I look forward to reading the final paper!