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MASTER ASSIGNMENT 700 WORDS DUE BY 20 HOURS Instruction booklet for development of a scientific poster and online conference presentation (MSc Health Programmes) What is a poster presentation? Posters are widely used in the academic community, and most academic conferences (both face to face and online) include poster presentations. Posters summarise information or research concisely and attractively to help publicise it and/or to generate discussion. They may be used to present quite complex material, and so it is important that the information on them is well laid out, legible and attractively presented. The poster is usually a mixture of brief text mixed with tables, graphs, pictures, and other presentation formats. At a face to face conference, the author of the poster usually stands by the poster display while others can view the poster and interact with him/her. In an online conference or a virtual conference the presenter may record their presentation and it is then played on screens. Alternatively, they may upload an e-poster and then take questions remotely. A good example of a poster presentation at a face to face conference is: Online e Poster You are required to produce an e poster for an online conference presentation. Your e poster will follow the format of a conventional scientific poster. You will have a title and a number of different sections which you will populate with information and graphics. Your e poster should have references and a brief reference list. You will see from the poster above that the reference list is situated at the right hand bottom corner of the poster as you face it. Layouts for Poster - Power-Point Template Figure 1: Conventional layouts for a poster. The long panel at top-centre is title/author banner. The majority of the information is then presented in Individual panels, which may be connected by numbers or arrows. Also, note the use of space between panels to achieve visual appeal. There are a number of templates that can be used for poster presentations. You may wish to consult the website below for some ideas: http://www.eposterboards.com/poster-templates/ Designing a poster in power-point For your assignments, please follow the guidelines below: How to Create a Poster Using PowerPoint Step 1- Gather your contents in the form of text, graphs and photos. Step 2- Open PowerPoint, choose Blank Presentation and click OK. Step 3- Choose the Blank slide layout and click OK. Step 4- Go to File in the toolbar and click Page Setup /Design and Slide size. Step 5-Enter the Height and Width of your poster. Please be aware that PowerPoint’s maximum size is 52”; therefore to produce a PowerPoint poster with dimensions larger than 52”, both dimensions are entered at half the desired size. For example, for a 44” x 66” poster, you would enter 22” in the box for height and 33” in the box for width, and click OK. The poster’s size will be doubled during the printing phase to bring it up to 44x66 inches as desired. We recommend that you use 44 inch and 66 http://www.eposterboards.com/poster-templates/ inch for your poster. However, remember we will not be printing the poster for our online conference. Step 6- Click Insert on the toolbar, choose Text Box. A text box drawing tool will appear on your PowerPoint slide. Click and drag to create the box. This is where you will place your prepared text. Simply cut and paste from Word or type directly into the text box. The box will expand to fit the information entered. Remember to consider your font size and make it suitable for poster use. Font sizes of approximately 36 to 54 are recommended for titles, approximately 18 for text. Use your judgment for your specific poster needs. PowerPoint does not recognize all fonts; Arial and Times New Roman are recommended for use, as these are clear standard fonts. Symbol is the font recommended for scientific symbols. To choose the characteristics of the text box such as line, colour or size, go to Format in the toolbar or right click on the text box and select Format Text Box. You can copy and paste directly from Word documents into PowerPoint text boxes. We would suggest using black on a white background in text boxes for easy reading. Step 7-To add logos, charts or photos, go to Insert in the menu bar and select Picture, and then From File and browse to your file containing your charts or scanned and saved pictures. Select it and click the Insert button. Step 8- Once you have inserted your pictures, you can move or resize them to suit your needs. The dotted guide lines on the templates are there to tell you where on the sheet your boxes are and can help in getting things properly aligned. If you click and hold them, a box will appear giving the lines locations on the sheet. You can then move them into position. They will not appear when the poster is printed. If the Guide lines are not visible on your screen, select View, then Guides. Step 9- Once your text and pictures are in place, you may decide to add some colour or texture effects. The colour options and background effects are found under Format on the toolbar, or you may double click the border of any text box to view Format Text Box with colour and line options. Step 10 -Carefully review your poster. Design and Layout Considerations Once you have written your text, you need to think about how you will present your text and diagrams. There are a number of things to consider: • Font - choose a font that is easy to read. Most of the standard fonts are fine for this (e.g.Arial , Times). Avoid mixing too many fonts as this can look messy. Two is often ideal; one for the headings and one for the main text. • Do not have too much text as it can be difficult to read. Think about summarising main points in text. Keep blocks of text to the minimum. • Case - text in UPPER CASE can be very difficult to read, even at close distances, and is best avoided. • Colour palette. Colour can add an extra dimension to your poster design, making a poster more attractive and giving you another method of highlighting particular aspects of your information. Choose colours that work well together so that they don’t detract from the information in your display. It is sensible to use a small range of colours so that your poster doesnt look chaotic. • Diagrams. Displaying information on a poster gives you an opportunity to represent your data in an interesting and eye-catching way. Think about how your display can be enhanced through the use of illustrations, tables, charts or photographs. The inclusion of one carefully chosen image can be a very powerful way of drawing people’s attention to your poster. • The board must be oriented in the landscape position (long dimension is horizontal). • A banner displaying your poster title, name, and class (e.g. Dissertation May 2018)(e should be positioned at top-centre of the board. • Make it obvious to the viewer how to progressively view the poster. The poster generally should read from left to right, and top to bottom. Numbering the individuals panels, or connecting them with arrows is a standard guidance system (see Figure 1 above). • Leave some open space in the design. An open layout is less tiring to the eye and mind. • Present numerical data in the form of graphs, rather than tables (graphs make trends in the data much more evident). If data must be presented in table-form, KEEP IT SIMPLE. • Visuals should be simple and bold. Leave out or remove any unnecessary details. • Make sure that any visual can stand alone (i. e., graph axes are properly labelled, maps have north arrows and distance scales, symbols are explained, etc.). Here are some more examples of a poster presentation Online Conference You will upload your e-poster along with a three-minute voice recording which gives an overview of your poster to the thread called Online Conference. Please make sure that each poster is posted to a new thread within the main online conference thread. Students and the tutor will then read all of the e posters and listen to the speeches at the beginning of week after you are required to submit the poster. Please also include a transcript of your speech with your submission. Remember to speak clearly in your recording and at a reasonable speed – do not speak too fast. Make sure that background noise is also kept to a minimum. The aim of the voice recording is to replicate as much as possible a face to face poster presentation where the presenter briefly speaks about their poster to their audience. Details of the deadlines for submission will be detailed in your module. Questions At conferences, presenters are asked questions by the audience. In our online conference, we will do the same. Each student will post questions to three students about their posters the week after they are posted. Your tutor will upload a list of which students you will be asking questions of; this is to ensure fairness and to avoid some students being asked many questions whilst others are not asked any questions. The student presenter needs to respond to the questions and should be aware that their response will be graded. The response to the questions needs to be completed by the end of the module (please see the deadline details for further details). The tutor will also ask questions of presenters. What makes a good question? The conference Q&A is a valuable opportunity to rigorously evaluate research and open up fruitful dialogue. A “good” question opens discussion rather than close it off. And good questions come out of engaged, active listening. Good questions are always respectful and polite even if you don’t agree with what the presenter is saying. Good questions are never hostile and never belittle the presenter. Asking questions is not about being competitive or showing how clever we are. The aim of the questions is to understand the research in more depth and the whys, hows and so on. Examples of questions you may like to ask are as follows: 1) Why did you focus on this research question? 2) What other research has been done on this issue? 3) Why did you pick this methodology as opposed to other methodologies? 4) Can you say some more about your analysis and why you choose this type of analysis? 5) What ethical issues could arise from undertaking this research? 6) What limitations do you think could arise from undertaking this research? You can, of course, ask your own questions. The above are just examples. Word Count Your poster and your written answers to the questions in the forum should not be more than 1000 words plus or minus 10\% in length. Rubric Please see the rubric in the module resources to understand how your e poster will be assessed. Any questions please ask your tutor. Sample Assingment.pdf Factors Contributing to the Prevalence of Tobacco Smoking in the Republic of Kiribati Tobacco is a general term used to refer to plants under the Nicotiana genus and is the name given to products made from cured tobacco leaves. (Binns & Low, 2018). Tobacco products are highly addictive and hard to quit using because of the presence of nicotine content. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) publications, over 8 million people globally die from tobacco consumption annually, including those affected by second-hand tobacao smoke.(De Pinho Campos et al. 2020). Some of the health conditions that result from tobacco use or inhaling tobacco smoke for a long time include lung cancer, stroke, blood clots, heart disease, and oral cancer. Tobacco also leads to wrinkled skin as well as tooth and gum decay. Numerous studies associate tobacco prevalence with culture, poverty, and gender, where more males than females take tobacco. Due to increased sensitization and education, tobacco smoking has decreased in most countries since 2000 (Jiang et al., 2020). However, Kiribati, an independent island nation located in the central Pacific Ocean, has the highest tobacco smoking rate globally at 52.40\%. According to WHO, over 300 people die each year from tobacco smoking complications in the Republic of Kiribati. About 64\% of the total smokers are men, and 36\% are women.(Kessaram et al., 2020) Introduction What are the risk factors causing a rise in tobacco use in the Republic of Kiribati and their significance to the society? Gap The increased incidences of deaths resulting from tobacco use in the Republic of Kiribati ia a public health concern. Therefore, it is essential to identify factors that lead to tobacco use to determine ways of addressing the challenge of protecting the lives of those directly and indirectly at the risk of the consequences such as smokers, their colleagues, and close family members. Rationale Obtaining consent from patients with diseases related to tobacco smoking and those who had a near to death experience. Data collection has to be approval by relevant administrative bodies and the ethical committees.  Privacy and confidentiality of the collected data has to be observed and ensuring that the data sent online is not hacked by cybercriminals. Ethical Issues Difficulties obtaining consent from patients with tobacco use related diseases and those with near to death past experience. Some patients were unavailable due to limited internet connection and illiteracy Most health care providers have a lot of workload to have time to retrieve the data needed. Limitations Although tobacco smoking has decreased in most parts of the world due to anti-smoking campaigns and education, countries such as Kiribati continue to record high death rates resulting from tobacco smoking-related diseases (Pengpid, & Peltzer, 2020). In almost all countries, the rate of tobacco smoking is higher in men than women. Poverty and stress are some of the reasons for tobacco smoking (Werle, 2020). However, factors that cause people to indulge in this behavior even after knowing its repercussions are unknown, and there is little effort to explore them. Research Question Figure 1. Kessaram, T., McKenzie, J., Girin, N., Roth, A., Vivili, P., Williams, G., & Hoy, D. (2015). Peer Reviewed: Tobacco Smoking in Islands of the Pacific Region, 2001–2013. Preventing chronic disease, 12. Aim To investigator factors that increase tobacco use by men in Kiribati To examine the relationship between the identified factors and increase in tobacco use related diseases. Design All procedures will follow the societal social norms and COVID-19 protocols. Sequential exploratory mixed methods will be used in gathering the qualitative and quantitative data. Convenience sampling will be the most suitable sampling technique because of the pandemic, the scarce resources and time constraints. Part 1: Qualitative Contacts and information of the prospective participants will be taken from the hospitals’ database. Invitations to voluntarily volunteer will be sent to the prospective participant together with consent forms with a time frame within which they are required to respond. Willing past and present patients who are or have been using tobacco or living with smokers will be sent a link with questionnaires crafted to provide information about their experience and why many people are still smoking despite its adverse consequences. The participants will be given a time frame within which they should have returned their questionnaire. Data of those who died from tobacco related diseases in a specified period will be collected from the hospitals’ database and their records. Part 2: Quantitative The same procedure as in part 1 will be followed to collect quantitative data. The voluntary participants will get a second questionnaire through the same link. Different factors will be presented and they will be required to rate them using 1,2,3,4, or 5 where 1 is the weakest factor and 5 is the strongest factor. All the data sent within the timeframe will be statistically analyzed. A p-value will be used to interpret the hypothesis statistical analysis test. Respondents Questionnaire Analysis Patients with tobacco related disease s and healthcare workers Identification of personally perceived relevant factors Consolidation of top answers subject for the part 2 patients with Tobacco related diseases and healthcare workers Correlation of top factors to the current tobacco use related diseases Appropriate statistical tools to investigate correlation Table 1. Tabulated Summary of Data Acquisition and Analysis Source: Kessaram, T., McKenzie, J., Girin, N., Roth, A., Vivili, P., Williams, G., & Hoy, D. (2015). Peer Reviewed: Tobacco Smoking in Islands of the Pacific Region, 2001– 2013. Preventing chronic disease, 12. Referencing Guide.pdf Revised July 2018 Harvard Referencing Guide 1 1. General Guidance and Good Practice....................................................................................................................3 What is referencing? ...............................................................................................................................................3 Why should I reference? .........................................................................................................................................3 When do I need to provide a reference? ................................................................................................................3 How can I incorporate the ideas of others? ............................................................................................................4 2. Citations ..................................................................................................................................................................5 What are in-text citations? ......................................................................................................................................5 How are they formatted? ........................................................................................................................................5 How do I cite two authors? .....................................................................................................................................5 How do I cite more than two authors? ....................................................................................................................6 How do I cite authors of different sources in one citation? .....................................................................................6 How do I cite a secondary source? ........................................................................................................................6 How do I cite two sources from the same author written in the same year? ..........................................................6 How do I cite a book chapter written by a different author? ...................................................................................7 How do I cite a quotation? ......................................................................................................................................7 How do I cite an image, graph or table? .................................................................................................................7 How do I cite a source with no date? ......................................................................................................................8 How do I cite a source with no author? ..................................................................................................................8 3. Quotations ..............................................................................................................................................................9 Quotation marks .....................................................................................................................................................9 Quotations longer than two lines ............................................................................................................................9 Using an ellipsis ......................................................................................................................................................9 Using square brackets ............................................................................................................................................9 Using page numbers............................................................................................................................................ 10 4. Forming your reference list .................................................................................................................................. 11 What is the difference between a reference list and a bibliography? .................................................................. 11 Books ................................................................................................................................................................... 12 E-Books ............................................................................................................................................................... 12 Chapter in an Edited Book ................................................................................................................................... 12 Vitalsource e-book ............................................................................................................................................... 13 Journal Articles .................................................................................................................................................... 13 Journal Article: Online/Electronic ......................................................................................................................... 14 Websites .............................................................................................................................................................. 14 Contents file://///KOL-FP01/KOL_Site_Data/Academic/Study\%20Skills/Study\%20Skills\%20Hub/Referencing\%20Guides/Harvard\%20Referencing\%20Guide-\%20Draft\%20July\%202018.docx\%23_Toc521402413 file://///KOL-FP01/KOL_Site_Data/Academic/Study\%20Skills/Study\%20Skills\%20Hub/Referencing\%20Guides/Harvard\%20Referencing\%20Guide-\%20Draft\%20July\%202018.docx\%23_Toc521402418 file://///KOL-FP01/KOL_Site_Data/Academic/Study\%20Skills/Study\%20Skills\%20Hub/Referencing\%20Guides/Harvard\%20Referencing\%20Guide-\%20Draft\%20July\%202018.docx\%23_Toc521402431 file://///KOL-FP01/KOL_Site_Data/Academic/Study\%20Skills/Study\%20Skills\%20Hub/Referencing\%20Guides/Harvard\%20Referencing\%20Guide-\%20Draft\%20July\%202018.docx\%23_Toc521402437 2 Newspaper Article ................................................................................................................................................ 14 Electronic Newspaper Articles ............................................................................................................................. 15 Research Reports ................................................................................................................................................ 15 Research Reports: Online/Electronic .................................................................................................................. 15 Individual Conference Papers ............................................................................................................................. 16 Personal Correspondence ................................................................................................................................... 16 Lecture Materials ................................................................................................................................................. 16 United Nations Resolutions ................................................................................................................................. 17 International Treaties, Conventions and accords ................................................................................................ 17 5. Further Information .............................................................................................................................................. 18 file://///KOL-FP01/KOL_Site_Data/Academic/Study\%20Skills/Study\%20Skills\%20Hub/Referencing\%20Guides/Harvard\%20Referencing\%20Guide-\%20Draft\%20July\%202018.docx\%23_Toc521402455 3 As part of your study with the University of Essex Online, you are asked to include wider reading in all your written assignments. It is important to understand the conventions required when including the ideas of others in your own work. Please note that these referencing rules apply to all written assignments. This referencing guide will assist you in developing and maintaining your understanding of referencing, and it will give instructions explaining how you should provide and format in-text citations and a complete reference list using Harvard Referencing. What is referencing? Referencing is a method used to the demonstrate to your readers that you have conducted thorough and appropriate research. Referencing allows you to demonstrate where you have found your information and directs the readers to the original source. To reference effectively, you need to provide an in-text citation along with a matching entry in a reference list provided at the end of your piece of assessment. You will find further information about this later in the guide. Why should I reference? In all your academic assignments, it is necessary for you to demonstrate where you have found your ideas. When you reference you can: ■ demonstrate your knowledge of a subject: your ability to draw appropriately on the work of others is one way to demonstrate your familiarity with the subject area. This in turn lends authority to your writing and increases credibility. ■ demonstrate your ability to research well: referencing allows you to present a range of arguments in relation to the subject area, and to compare and contrast differing positions. ■ support your argument with evidence: referencing allows you to illustrate and/or to present evidence in support of the arguments you put forward. ■ allow your reader to locate and verify: accurate referencing enables your reader to follow-up the material to which you refer, either for the purpose of verification or simply out of interest to research further. ■ avoid issues with plagiarism and academic offences. Please familiarise yourself with the Academic Offence Policy. When do I need to provide a reference? You should provide a reference to acknowledge any sources that you have used within your work. This could include, but is not limited to, the following: ■ any mention of a theory, fact, or viewpoint of another person ■ any statistics or examples of case studies ■ a direct (word-for-word) quotation from another source ■ paraphrased information from a book, journal or any other written material used 1. General Guidance and Good Practice https://www.my-course.co.uk/pluginfile.php/892/mod_page/content/52/3\%20-\%20Academic\%20Offences\%20Policy\%20and\%20Procedures.pdf https://www.my-course.co.uk/pluginfile.php/892/mod_page/content/52/3\%20-\%20Academic\%20Offences\%20Policy\%20and\%20Procedures.pdf 4 How can I incorporate the ideas of others? There are 3 main ways in which you can incorporate the ideas of others into your work. These are as follows: ■ Quoting: This is when you use someone elses words exactly as they are found in the original text. Quoting should be used sparingly and mostly in order to exemplify or reinforce your own original thoughts. Quotations should only be used when the material is relevant, pertinent and adds value to the argument. In other cases, if an important point is being made, you should always strive to find a way to say this in your own words. ■ Paraphrasing: This is when you express someone elses ideas in your own words. Paraphrasing is not a matter of substituting odd words in the quotations for synonyms; it is a matter of rewriting those words entirely into your own. To do this successfully, you will need to fully understand the text you are reading. You still need to include a citation along with this to show the ideas are not original. ■ Summarising: This is very similar to the process of paraphrasing. However, a summary tends to be shorter and to the point. Summarising means you give a brief account of the main points of an argument. For further information on how to paraphrase, quote and summarise correctly and coherently, please see the materials in the Study Skills Hub, particularly the Writing section and the Plagiarism and Referencing section. ■ that all your citations and references follow the same format. 5 What are in-text citations? Harvard Referencing requires you to use in-text citations after you have taken information from another source. The information in the citation is brief; sufficient only to identify the author of the idea/s you are using, and to direct your reader to the full source information located in the list of references at the end of your work. There are two key pieces of information required in a citation: ■ the author, whether that is a person or an organisation ■ the year of publication, or N.D for no date if the date is unknown How are they formatted? The basic format for in-text citations is as follows: (Author surname, Year) e.g. (Chamorro-Premuzic, 2014) Here is an example of how this will look in your work: When hiring managers, their ability to create a positive team atmosphere is often unfortunately overlooked in favour of their charming personality and experience within technology (Chamorro-Premuzic, 2014). If you wish to include the author name in your writing, this should be formatted as follows: Chamorro-Premuzic (2014) states that when hiring managers, their ability to create a positive team atmosphere is often unfortunately overlooked in favour of their charming personality and experience within technology. REMEMBER • Authors initials are not needed in the in-text citation, only in the list of references. • The in-text citation must be placed before the final full stop of the sentence in which you used information from another source. • Avoid unnecessary repetition; when youve included the authors name in the text, it should not be repeated in brackets. How do I cite two authors? When you have included information written by two different authors of the same text, you should write both their surnames in the brackets with an ampersand (&). (Raff & Scranton, 2016) 2. Citations 6 How do I cite more than two authors? When you have more than two authors, you are expected to abbreviate, using the first authors surname only, followed by et al. Some institutions may place ‘et al.’ in italics, however this is not the academic practice at the University of Essex Online and should be shown in normal font. Smith et al. (2018) argue that... How do I cite authors of different sources in one citation? If you have written information that has been influenced by two different sources, then both surnames and dates of the texts should be included in the citation, linked by a semi colon. (Davis, 2018; Wood, 2018) How do I cite a secondary source? A secondary reference is an idea or quote that you have found mentioned in a work by another author and would like to use yourself, although you may have not read the original. In this instance, you should reference both the author of the original source and the author of source where you found the quotation or paraphrase. You should structure a secondary source like this: Self-regulation has been defined as ‘learning that results from students self-generated thoughts and behaviors...’ (Schunk, 2001, as cited in Muis, 2007: 173). REMEMBER • Secondary referencing should be avoided where possible and you should always try to find the original source. • Where this isnt possible, you should reference the secondary source; only include the reference of the source that you have used in your reference list. How do I cite two sources from the same author written in the same year? When you wish to cite work from the same author from the same year, you must use a lowercase letters to differentiate between them, starting alphabetically. (World Health Organization, 2018a; World Health Organization, 2018b) In your reference list, you should organize them alphabetically by the title of the article or chapter. REMEMBER • All the authors of the text must be given in full in your list of references at the end of your work. • However, if the source has more than 6 authors, you should start with the first author and then write ‘et al.’ 7 How do I cite a book chapter written by a different author? Some sources may have chapters written by different authors. These are known as edited books. In this instance, you should cite the author of the chapter and the date, not the editor of the book. For example, here is the book in which you have found the chapter that you’d like to reference: Green, S., Lancaster, E. & Feasey, S. (2008) Addressing Offending Behaviour – Context, Practice and Values. Devon: Willan Publishing. You have read a chapter written by Beckett, C., entitled ‘Working with Female Offenders’. In the text, as you are citing the information from that chapter, your citation will be: (Beckett, 2008) Your reference in the reference list/bibliography will, therefore, be: Beckett, C. (2008) ‘Working with Female Offender’, in: Green, S., Lancaster, E. & Feasey, S. (eds) Addressing Offending Behaviour – Context, Practice and Values. Devon: Willan Publishing. How do I cite a quotation? A quotation is a piece of text which is used word-for-word to back up or illustrate a point you are making in your assessment. When citing a quotation, as well as the author and year of the source, youll also need to include the page where you found the information. If you cant find the page number, include the chapter instead. Its important to put the necessary information to help the reader find the quotation. For more information on quotations, see section 3. How do I cite an image, graph or table? When reproducing an image, diagram, graph or table in your work, you should always acknowledge the original author by citing and referencing the source. Beneath the image, graph or table, you must provide a Figure number with a title and then place the citation in brackets, with a page number if possible. This citation will also need to be included when you write about the image, graph or table in the body of the essay. Figure 1: UK earnings based on age and qualification in 2010 (Office for National Statistics, 2011) This image, graph or table will also need a corresponding reference in your reference list at the end of your work. 8 How do I cite a source with no date? Sources that do not list a date of publication should be listed as (N.D.). The NHS constantly strive to give their patients greater control of their health and wellbeing (NHS, N.D.). How do I cite a source with no author? For sources that do not have an obvious author, you should use what is called a corporate author. Many online publications will not credit an individual, therefore the author is seen as the organisation or company. A national strategy is creating a framework to drive improvements in dementia services (Department of Health, 2009). REMEMBER • If you are unable to find either a named or corporate author for your source, you should use Anon as the author name. 9 When you identify information in your wider reading that is relevant to your work, the first thing to do is decide how to integrate that information. You can do this by either quoting, paraphrasing or summarising. A quote can have much more impact, as it is a word for word copy of the original, and it allows for accuracy when representing another authors ideas. It should be short and will allow you to support your point concisely. However, these should be used sparingly in your work and paraphrasing should be much more commonly used. Quotation marks Should you choose to use a direct quotation, this must be made immediately visible. A quote should be placed within quotation marks or inverted commas. This is your choice; however, you should ensure that you are consistent with this throughout your work. Quotations longer than two lines When you wish to use a quotation that is longer than two lines, you should insert this quotation as a separate, indented paragraph. Muis (2007: 187) states that: ‘Explicitly linking epistemic beliefs into other facets of cognition by embedding them into well-established models of self-regulated learning may help to better understand the nature of epistemic beliefs and may provide a foundation for future empirical work.’ Using an ellipsis When you use quotations in your work, you may not always wish to use all the words exactly as they appear in the original source. In this case, you should remove the words and add an ellipsis in square brackets […] to show that words have been removed from the original source. Muis (2007: 187) states that ‘explicitly linking epistemic beliefs into other facets of cognition…may help to better understand the nature of epistemic beliefs’. Using square brackets Sometimes, when using quotations, you may want to insert one or two words into your quotation to make sure your sentence is grammatically correct. Make sure these extra words are between [square brackets] to show that they are not from the original quotation. 3. Quotations 10 Using page numbers When you have included a quotation in your work, you must also include the page number in the citation. This should follow the author and date and a colon. Specific page numbers are not required in your reference list. Tosey and Gregory (2001: 121) define personal development as ‘the process through which each individual gravitates towards achieving their human potential’. If this source runs over one page, you will need to include all the pages in covers, linking them together with a hyphen. Julios-Costa (2017: 370-371) argues that without the use of a modifier, this ‘gives the idea that it is all minors who commit three crimes a day’. REMEMBER ■ No more than 15\% of your assignment should be quoted material. ■ Source material is best used as support for your points and to demonstrate wider reading. ■ Always use page numbers for direct quotes. 11 Ho The reference list is evidence of all the sources you have used in your …