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Week7 Discussion Ebook attached below: Nutritional Foundations and Clinical Applications: A Nursing Approach 7th Edition Take a look at the presentation and answer those two questions: What food items within the current daycare menus for each school was culturally significant to your various cultural group presented? What are some of the differences between the two daycare centers you chose to analyze? APA format (6th ed.) and is free of errors        Grammar and mechanics are free of errors free of Plagiarism    References: Use your book, the outside source must be within the last 5 yrs, Scholarly Article or Nurse journals within the last 5 yrs Type out the questions and respond to the question in APA format with citation and very detailed responses Day Care Preschool-aged children Cultural Mixed Introduction The purpose of this presentation is to conduct a nutritional assessment by analyzing, comparing and evaluating different menus in a day-care facility with preschool-aged children in an urban area. The various cultural group where the children come from include: Hispanic African American European American Caucasian Asian Sample menu 1 Sample menu 2 Current Menu Analysis Breakfast Making sure kids and toddlers get a good start to their day,begins with a healthy breakfast. The children in the daycare eat pumpkin muffins and milk for breakfast. Replacing the whole milk which contains higher amounts of fats with skim milk which contains less than 0.5\% fat would be more healthy. Current Menu Analysis Lunch In the Day-care, chicken nuggets and peas and apples juice are served. Chicken nuggets contain high salt concentration or sodium chloride (Barros, 2019). According to Trofholz et al. (2021),homemade,fresh, organic and wholegrain are essential for any meals served to children. Moreover, the Daycare should have a snack menu between breakfast and lunch. Current Menu analysis Snack In the current menu, the children are served cheese and crackers which contain high amount of fats Replacing cheese with veggie sticks and adding low fat milk would add value to the current snack (Park et all.,2019) This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND (menu) Breakfast ½ cup of 100\% orange juice Ham, egg, avocado and cheese (optional) with whole grain corn tortilla Lunch 1 sandwich - 2 slices of 100\% whole wheat bread with 1-2 oz of meat and cheese (optional), veggies, leafy greens and dressing Cup of water or ½ cup of whole milk (optional for those who are lactose intolerance) Snacks ½ cup of apple slices with peanut butter after breakfast ½ cup sliced banana with frozen yogurt after lunch / baked chips (Comparisons) Goal: Well balanced diet Ingredient list main point complete nutrients: High in vit c, d, a, k, proteins, fiber, and potassium etc Day care cons: Cereals are incomplete protein Pancakes & waffles refined flour and topped with high-sugar syrups. They may promote insulin resistance and increase the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes and other diseases. Muffin - same with muffin, but also with refined vegetable oils and high in sugar, calories and fat but low in fiber Chicken nuggets - provide more fat, less protein, more sodium and more carbohydrates than youd get from unprocessed chicken Pizza - high in calories, sugar and sodium. Theyre typically highly processed and contain artificial preservatives, added sugar and unhealthy fats. (Barriers) Health of population: high rates of obesity, overweight, and diet-related chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and certain types of cancer Socioeconomic challenges: Level of income Pandemic Food cost Transportation No time Convenience - fast food Available food Food processing and manufacture Organic/nonorganic (not cheap) Transportation Food access Other: Facility Budgeting- saves money as possible Facility bills Staff Food Limited on fund & food source (teaching Point) Kids - Growing & developing = need nutrients  Balance diet 4 food groups Veggies Fruits Whole grains Protein Avoid certain things High sugary High fat Incomplete proteins Process food Suggestion  Fruits, veggies & water Starchy (moderate amount) Dairy Lean protein Tips Balance food choices Time Budget plan (summary) In conclusion- my sample meal plan may seem a well balanced diet, but realistically most facilities would be out of business if it’s unaffordable. So ideally they would like to budget as much as possible. The best route they would usually choose is the most affordable meal plan which are usually processed food. Sometimes a few healthy ones. Even though junk food taste better. But at the end of the day, the best source of a good diet is from home. Although it may be challenging but manageable. Reference National Academies Press. (n.d.). Overview of Health and Diet in America. Retrieved July 16, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK209844/ Careers in Government. (2017). Why is the US So Unhealthy? Retrieved July 17, 2021, from https://www.careersingovernment.com/tools/gov-talk/career-advice/why-is-the-us-so-unhealthy/ Gerritsen, S., Dean, B., Morton, S. M. B. & Wall, C. R. (2017). Do childcare menus meet nutrition guidelines? Quantity, variety and quality of food provided in New Zealand Early Childhood Education services. Wiley Online Library. Retrieved August 4, 2021, from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1753-6405.12667 Sample Menu Lacto-ovo Vegetarian Breakfast 2\% milk - (1/2 cup) 1 boiled egg - (1,3oz) Avocado- (1/2 cup) Strawberries and banana - (1/2cup) Lunch Snack 2\% milk - (1/2 cup) (½) banana slices with (½tbsp)almond butter carrots - (1/2 cup) 2\% Milk (½ cup) apples - (½ cup) Sandwich - (½ egg, 1/2 oz cheese, whole Grain bread 1oz) menu comparison breakfast Fresh fruits, proteins, and grains are not as plentiful on the original breakfast menu. It does not place a priority on providing appropriate nourishment to preschool-aged children. The breakfast food suggested is healthier and adheres to the MyPlate recommendations. 2\% milk - (1/2 cup) 1 boiled egg- (1) Avocado- (½ cup) Strawberries and banana - (½ cup) Original menus Cheerios/peaches/Milk Pancakes/Milk menu comparison Lunch Because it lacks fresh fruits and has more fat and sugar, the sample lunch menu is unhealthy and nutritionally deficient. It does not place a priority on providing appropriate nourishment to preschool-aged children. 2\% milk - (1/2 cup) Carrots - (2 tbsp) Apples - (1/2) Sandwich - (1/2 oz egg, 1/2 oz cheese) Green beans - (2 tbsp) Original lunch menus Chicken Nuggets/peas/apple juice menu comparison Snack The original snack menu is highly unhealthy and does not adhere to the MyPlate recommendations. It also has a higher calorie, fat, and sugar content. It does not place a priority on providing appropriate nourishment to preschool-aged children. (½) banana slices with (½tbsp)almond butter 2\% Milk (½ cup) Original Snack Menu Cheese and crackers/ Milk Seasonal fruit/ cheese balls Barriers Available food sources: preschool aged kids will eat whatever is convenient and given to them easily and affordable. Culture: In the culture of a preschool aged American kids can be easily influenced by their peers, as well as wanting to eat the same food. Socioeconomic: The daycares we picked are in considered middle class and upper class there may be some families who are unaware of affordable healthy food options at home or at day because lack of time and food knowledge teaching point Available food sources: preschool aged kids will eat whatever is conveniently given to them The caregivers in charge of feeding the kids, they should be well educated in preschool aged kids nutrition and provide them with foods that will help them grow physically and mentally. Babies and toddlers need foods from all five healthy food groups – vegetables, fruit, grain foods, dairy and protein. Limiting the use of salty, fatty, sugary foods, low-fiber processed foods to avoid future bad habits of food choices and occurrence of food related disorders and diseases Summary We studied day care menus and made nutritious food choices for preschool aged kids students. Because preschool-aged children are rapidly growing physically and cognitively, it is critical that they eat nutritious foods to avoid future health concerns. As nurses, it is our responsibility to provide appropriate nutrition information and resources to individuals of all ages and backgrounds Finally, we agreed that MyPlate recommendations are a great source for making healthier and more informed food choices for preschoolers and people of all ages. References: Age appropriate nutrition. The Administration for Children and Families. (n.d.). https://www.acf.hhs.gov/ecd/age-appropriate-nutrition. Childcare. HealthySDgov. (n.d.). https://healthysd.gov/category/childcare/. Early child care nutrition. Obesity Prevention Source. (2016, April 8). https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/obesity-prevention-source/obesity-prevention/early-child-care/early-child-care-nutrition/. Preschoolers. MyPlate. (n.d.). https://www.myplate.gov/life-stages/preschoolers. Grodner, M., Escott-Stump, S., & Dorner, S. (2020). Nutritional foundations and clinical applications: A nursing approach. Elsevier. Sample Menu: Lactose intolerance Breakfast A.M. Snack Lunch P.M Snack 1/2 cup Rice Krispies Multigrain ½ Silk Almond-Milk Yogurt Peanut Butter & Banana Slices 1/2 cups of ½ Strawberries 1/2 Cup Almond Milk 1 Small Half of Apple Slice 2 Slices of Whole Wheat Bread 1/2 Cup Raspberries 1 ½ Tablespoon of Natural Peanut Butter 1/2 cup of celery (Ninaj): My sample menu is based upon a child that who is lactose intolerant. The food options that were selected are considered to be lactose friendly to the consumer Comparison Breakfast Menu Ninaj’s Sample Breakfast Menu 1/2 cup Rice Krispies Multigrain 1/2 Cup Almond Milk 1/2 Cup Raspberries Original Breakfast Menu Fruit Loop Cereal Cinnamon Toast Mandarin Oranges Milk (Ninaj): The original breakfast menu is high in sugar and contains whole milk. An article in Raisingchildren.net gathered that a child may not have enough lactase within their stomach to properly intake whole milk.(The Australian Parenting Website. 2020, March 13) Comparison Lunch Menu Original Lunch Menu English Muffin Pizza Fruit Cocktail Milk Ninaj’s Sample Lunch Menu Peanut Butter & Banana Slices 2 Slices of Whole Wheat Bread 1 ½ Tablespoon of Natural Peanut Butter 1/2 cup of celery (Ninaj): The original lunch menu are high in simple carbohydrates and refined grains.MyPlate states that “at least half of the grains that you eat should be whole grains”(MyPlate. (n.d.). Grains) The original lunch menu also includes dairy. Comparison Snack Menu Ninaj’s Sample Snack Menu A.M. Snack: ½ Silk Almond-Milk Yogurt 1 Small Half of Apple Slice P.M Snack: 1/2 cups of ½ Strawberries Original Snack Menu Animal Crackers Craisins Milk (Ninaj): The original snack menu contains high levels of acrylamide, as well as high in sugar. It also contain dairy Center for Environmental Health. (2020, January 28). Barriers Available Food Sources: Ages 4-5 years of age typically mirror their superiors. Probably will not consume foods geared to lactose complications. Culture: African Americans are at the top in having lactose deficiencies Socioeconomic: Low income/ Middle Class environments might be impacted by food desserts making it challenging to have proper resource per food options. (Ninaj): It might be somewhat challenging convincing a child to eat the proper foods that are lactose friendly. The health professionals at University of Alabama at Birmingham announced that 48\% of Americans are lactose intolerant and African Americans cultivate about 80\% of it (Lactose Intolerance May Not Be As Common As We Thought. (n.d.). Teaching Points Lactose intolerant can be managed with the use of medications and or additional supplements that can be taken orally. Symptoms all include Bloating, Nausea, and Stomach Pains There are substitutions that can be made in order to get the proper nutrients that needs to be restored. Summary Comparing and contrasting the daycare menus allow for things to be a bit clearer in regards to the challenges that daycares face when trying to distribute the proper food care plan in order for the child to have the highest optimal attention when consuming food during breakfast, lunch, and snack time. References Center for Environmental Health. (2020, January 28). Animal Crackers. https://ceh.org/products/animal-crackers/ Golisano Children’s Hospital. (n.d.). Lactose-Free Diet - Pediatric Nutrition - Golisano Children’s Hospital - University of Rochester Medical Center. Https://Www.Urmc.Rochester.Edu/. Retrieved August 15, 2021, from https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/childrens-hospital/nutrition/lactose-free.aspx MyPlate. (n.d.). Grains | MyPlate. Myplate.Gov. Retrieved August 14, 2021, from https://www.myplate.gov/eat-healthy/grains The Australian Parenting Website. (2020, March 13). Lactose intolerance: babies, children and teenagers. Raising Children Network. https://raisingchildren.net.au/guides/a-z-health-reference/lactose-intolerance Sample Menu MENU PLAN WEEK ONE Week one Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday BREAKFAST Oatmeal & Blueberries Whole Milk Fresh Fruit & Wheat Toast Whole Milk Scrambled Eggs & Applesauce Whole Milk Cheerios Banana Whole Milk Wheat French Toast Orange Slices Whole Milk SNACK Bananas & Yogurt Apple Juice or Water Celery sticks with peanut butter & raisins Whole Milk or Water Whole Wheat Muffins Apple Water or Apples Juice Granola Bar Whole Milk or Water Whole Wheat Muffins Apple Water or Apple Juice LUNCH Spinach Spaghetti w/Sauce Whole Milk Chicken Nuggets w/ Sweet Potato & Peas  Whole Milk Turkey Rice balls w/ Sweet Potato Mash Whole Milk Chicken meatballs w/ Spinach pasta Whole Milk Veggies Tenders W/ Broccoli Whole Milk SNACK Hummus & Whole Wheat Pita Bread Water Banana Boats (PB & Raisins) Whole Milk Cheese & Veggie Sticks Whole Milk Fruit w/ PB Dip Whole Milk or Water Veggies with Dip Whole Milk or Water Menu Comparison Breakfast Replacing the high starch oatmeal with waffles and cereals contains little lower starch helps keeps absorption of other nutrients in check. The whole milk can be replaced with skimmed milk to limit intake of fats. Adding fruits such apples to the breakfast would ensure the children get much required vitamins. Menu Comparison Lunch Instead of using juice with added sugars, we suggested the use of chopped fruits such us chopped bananas. Moreover, the cheese put on the suggested menu is grilled cheese instead of the normal cheese. Barriers Availability of food varieties Economic challenges whereby some food such as skimmed milk is more expensive compared to whole milk (Grodner et al.,2020) Environment barriers and cultural challenges whereby some culture or nor like milk products Nutritional Needs by Age Summary Teaching Points Fruits and Vegetables are essential part of every meal for preschool-aged children (Sirasa et al.,2019). Any meat such as chicken nuggets and sweets should be avoided. The children in daycare should be physically active and enjoy the food with others. Nutritional Needs of Preschool-aged Children Summary Reference Barros, J. C. (2019). Healthier chicken nuggets incorporated with chia (Salvia hispanica L.) flour and partial replacement of sodium chloride with calcium chloride. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 794-803. Park, M. H., Bae, Y. J., & Choi, M. K. (2021). Maternal correlates of vegetable preference and consumption in preschool-aged children. Journal of Nutrition and Health, 54(1), 54-66. Sirasa, F., Mitchell, L. J., Rigby, R., & Harris, N. (2019). Family and community factors shaping the eating behavior of preschool-aged children in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review of interventions. Preventive medicine, 129, 105827 Grodner, M., Escott-Stump, S., & Dorner, S. (2020). Nutritional foundations and clinical applications: A nursing approach (7th ed.). Elsevier. Trofholz, A. C., Tate, A., Keithahn, H., de Brito, J. N., Loth, K., Fertig, A., & Berge, J. M. (2021). 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