Fluent Essays

PPT + Speakers Notes From the ancient and early influencers lecture, choose a leader and prepare a 5-minute talk outlining what they were known for. Provide a summary of the leader’s accomplishments. In your presentation address the following questions: What made them an influential leader? What great deeds or thoughts are they remembered for? What aspects of leadership were missing? How is their worldview different than your own? Do you believe they were a good or bad leader and why? Historical Concepts and Theories of Leadership LDRS 302 “everything rises and falls on leadership.” “Everything rises and falls with leadership.” Learning Activity: Take some time right now to think about some leaders you know and write down in point form some of the demands that you think they carry. What are some expectations that people (or you) place on them? Leadership Is All About Trust “What do you think is required of a leader?” The ability to recruit people to an idea or a project. The ability to plan ahead. The ability to manage conflict. The ability to hire and fire well. The ability to gel people into a high-performing team. The ability to see beyond the day’s crisis. The ability to think and plan broadly – to understand all the implications of a decision. Strong political skills to cope with conflicting ideas and desires of the people they lead. To help others do better work. “What do you think is required of a leader?” What was noticeably missing was: A leader must be ethical. Administrative challenges: planning ahead defining the organization’s objectives or goals, establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals, planning to integrate and coordinate activities, what must be done and how it is to be done. Administrative challenges: Administering people has become much more complex in the past century. ethically, responsibly, humanely. Legal processes must be followed, practices must be refined. Early Influencers – Ancient Jewish Moses; called to lead the people of Israel out of Egypt into the promised land. Became a great leader and administrator. Joseph:demonstrates great planning by establishing a 14 year national plan. Nehemiah; classic story of planning and putting the plan to work. David; military leadership and kingship. Solomon; gifted leader, administrator and king. ANCIENT EGYPT Great Pyramid of Cheops (AKA The Great Pyramid of Giza) 13 Acres 2.3 million stone blocks, each weighing approximately 2.5 tons and consists of limestone and granite over 100,000 men Approximately 20 years Egypt: Ramesses II (1303 BC – 1213 BC) Known as the greatest pharaoh of ancient Egypt, said to have started the New Kingdom in which Egypt conquered surrounding kingdoms and expanded their power Built many cities including the new capital city of Pi-Ramesses Built many temples and monuments Known throughout modern culture from poems such as Ozymandias (Shelley) and portrayals of the ancient Jews under the Egyptian slavery. BABYLONIA Iraq 59 miles S/W of Bagdad Code of Hammurabi (1790 BC) Minimum wage Control Responsibility   The most significant contribution to management thought from Babylon is probably the Code of Hammurabi BABYLONIA Iraq 59 miles S/W of Bagdad Code of Hammurabi (1790 BC) Minimum wage Control Responsibility   The most significant contribution to management thought from Babylon is probably the Code of Hammurabi Nebuchadnezzar (605-562BC) Part of the offshoot of the Assyrian empire that became Babylon Conquered much of the middle east including the lands of modern day Iraq, ancient Israel, ancient Eygpt Focused on educating conquered people through assimilation CHINA Sun Tzu (544-496BC): Military general/strategist/philosopher. Authored “The Art of War”(philosophy of war). Focused on alternatives to war such as strategies, spying, making alliances etc… GREECE “how do we live the good life? How do we nurture our souls?” Socretes 470 BC - 399 BC GREECE Student of Socrates He believed that the best way to organize society was to divide its members up into three main groups: Farmers, artisans and traders who supply the economic needs of the community Military Guardians Philosopher Guardians Plato 425 BC - 348 BC GREECE Aristotle was a contemporary of Plato, although younger. He argued that rather than the academy, the foundation for a good community was the household. He had a hierarchy of positions in the household: Husband and wife Parents and children Master and slave Aristotle 384 BC - 322 BC Monarchy or Tyranny (the rule of one) Aristocracy or Oligarchy (the rule of the few) Polity or Democracy (the rule of the many) Rome Had a distinguished career in the Roman Empire He first distinguished himself in the military and then later as a statesman. repaired the aqueducts, cleansed the sewers, prevented private persons drawing off public water for their own use, ordered the demolition of houses which encroached on the public way, built the first basilica in the Forum near the *Curia. Cato the Elder 234 BC - 139 BC *The Roman Curia comprises the administrative institutions of the Holy See and the central body through which the affairs of the Catholic Church are conducted Political Structures Ecclesia* was the official term for the lawful democratic assembly of the Greek self-governing city-state. Traditionally comprised two bodies. The smaller of the two was called “the council,” the larger, including all the adult male citizens of the city was described simply as “the people.” *The term Ecclesia (sometimes Ekklesia) is commonly used in the New Testament for Church Rome: Julius Caesar (100-55BC) Roman General with a history of military successes. Entered Rome as a conquering leader Took power from the senate and made himself emperor of Rome to be worshipped and obeyed Murdered in the senate my Brutus and several other senators because of his overreach for power and authority Rome: Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43BC) Cicero was a lawyer, historian, philosopher and statesman Tried to bring Rome back to an era of republic and away from the dictatorship of Caesar Wrote 90% of the remaining Latin texts that we have His letters are credited with having inspired the renaissance of the early 1400’s Roman Colony The Roman colonies and municipia adopted a hierarchy of senior positions in civic leadership. Progression up this ladder was highly valued. offices were social distinctions not a job-related hierarchy “social hierarchy” freeborn, between the ages of 25 and 55, a resident of the community, have moral integrity, be significantly wealthy Roman Colony - Religious Leaders A priest was an especially honorable role in the Roman system, and such appointments were conferred on individuals in response to their loyalty. ranked in a hierarchy of importance senior priests - responsible for a whole province. priests were often locked in intense rivalries Roman Colony - Religious Leaders The lesson here is that significant wealth was a necessary prerequisite for civic leadership. leadership had a strong component of self-interest, where honour and reputation were highly desired. Such leaders enjoyed a high profile in their local communities. The rise and fall of the Roman Empire The rise and fall of the Roman Empire Roman Empire covered the area occupied by the following modern-day countries: England, Wales, France, Spain, Portugal, Belgium, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Hungary, Rumania, Turkey, Greece, Albania, Yugoslavia, Israel, Lebanon, Tunisia and parts of Germany, the Soviet Union, Morocco, Algeria, Syria and Egypt. Reflection/Discussion Question In the Roman Colony, leaders, or members of the court, were to be: Local elites Be freeborn Between the ages of 22 – 55 Community resident Moral integrity From the members, two were chosen as unpaid chief magistrates (Judges). They would have to “buy into” that position, but the recognition was worth the financial output. Does money alone influence others? Please explain how you feel about this. Leadership in the New Testament Era Jewish Communities In Acts, we learn of Paul travelling around looking to preach in Jewish Synagogues. Usually got tossed out Some believed his message and followed him These Jews formed part of what was known as early Christianity. Leadership in the Jewish Synagague The ancient Jewish synagogue was more than merely a religious institution. It also served a number of important, and educational functions., educational, court sessions and social activities. It was concerned with the whole spectrum of community needs and served much like a community centre. Religious Social, Civic Educational Court Sessions Archisynagogos - Greek title used by Jewish synagogue leaders in most of the Roman Empire. Leadership in New Testament Era Christian Communities Corinth was a first-century Roman colony Paul's letter to the church in Corinth: “not many of you were wise by human standards, not many were powerful, not many were of noble birth.” I Corinthians 1:26 The Vatican Known as the Vatican City. It is surrounded by Rome. Most Popes live there but the current one has decided to live in a much smaller cottage off-sight. Pope will gather on his balcony and speak to the parishiners below. Today, they put out chairs for the service. Still have walls around the Vatican. The Vatican is its own city/country. St Augustine of Hippo (354-430 AD) Catholic monk, priest, theologian, and philosopher Known for his Confessions, On Church Doctrine, and City of God Grace was essential to faith, belief in free will while also developed the idea of original sin or the sinful nature of mankind St Benedict (480-543AD) Developed the Benedictine Monastic order Rule of Saint Benedict Pope Benedict XVI (2009) said: "with his life and work St Benedict exercised a fundamental influence on the development of European civilization and culture“ Early Influencers – Middle Ages – 19th Century Marco Polo 1254 AD – 1324 AD The Renaissance The Renaissance was a time of discovery, reaching out, and exploration. Born in Venice Explorer Traveled and left detailed notes of his explorations to China Early Influencers – Middle Ages – 19th Century Middle Ages are often referred to as Medieval Period or the Dark Ages While sometimes considered a period of little technological/cultural advancement, there is ample evidence of artistic, scientific, philosophical, and religious development and growth Referred to as the Dark Ages as a period of “unenlightenment” under authoritarian despots, warlords, barons and kings. Most of the lower classes were vassals of the king. They were not slaves, but were often treated similarly Lasted from the fall of Rome until the Renaissance and Reformation of the late 1400’s Middle Ages: Charlemange (748-814 AD) United the Frankish kingdoms under one rule Hoped to create a new enlightenment and restore the glory of the Roman Empire (Often called the Carolingian Renaissance) Worked with the Pope in Rome and was crowned emperor of the New Holy Roman Empire Developed code of laws, Missi Dominici – Lords Messangers to spread the law and ensure fair treatment of all people Middle Ages – William The Conqueror (1028-1087) French King conquers much of England Provides universal protection against viking invaders Brings French language, culture, cuisine, art, and law to England Seen as one of the founders of Feudalism, imposing a feudal contract where he gave land to his loyal subjects in exchange for their Fealty Early Influencers He lauded the behaviour of past rulers, especially Cesare Borgia, who was infamous for his poisonings, betrayals, and cruelty. Authored the book “The Prince” Farmers, artisans and traders who supply the economic needs of the community learn how not to be good, use this knowledge or not to use it according to necessity Ruthless Nicolo Machiavelli 1429 AD – 1527 AD Queen Elisabeth I (1533-1603) Created stability in England after her father’s chaotic reign Strong female leadership in a position that had always been male dominated Created moderate laws that provided religious tolerance for Catholics and protestants alike Shattered the Spanish Armada and permitted exploration and conquest of new lands in the Americas Francis Bacon 1561 –1626AD Philosopher, Lawyer, Lord Chancellor of England The father of empiricism or the scientific method through the use of inductive reasoning and observation he created a framework for modern science Legal advisor to Queen Elisabeth I Thomas Hobbes (1588 –1679AD) Father of modern political philosophy Leviathan – Logical reasoning in all writings where a premise was followed by evidential reasoning even in social sciences Justification of government is the need for strong morality to prevent chaos and the destructive nature of man. The passions that incline men to peace are: fear of death; desire of such things as are necessary to commodious living; and a hope by their industry to obtain them. And reason suggesteth convenient articles of peace upon which men may be drawn to agreement John Locke (1632 –1704AD) Enlightenment philosopher dedicated to the idea of empiricism in research Political theory of Social Contract where government is given authority by the people First Liberalists-Natural Rights, Equality under the law, freedom from oppression Two Treaties of Government – The justification of the rights of mankind and the rejection of patriarchal authoritarianism Immanuel Kant (1724 –1804AD) Father of post-modern philosophy Reality and experience is unique to the individual Tried to understand the idea of universal morality when all experience life differently Every object has perspective, even the tree that falls in the forest Universal democracy will bring peace and understanding Fredrich Nietzsche (1844 –1900AD) German philosopher Nihilism – life is meaningless so enjoy it Relativism – Truth is relative to one’s perspective Famous for saying God is Dead, in reference to the loss of a universal morality that society previously held under the church. With the loss of the authority of the church and a consistant understanding of morality/truth, it became relative to each person’s perspective and thus inconsistant Early Influencers - Scotland The “real price of everything… is the toil and trouble of acquiring it”, thereby explaining that other costs besides wages affect the price of a commodity father of modern economics pin factory The division of labour Adam Smith 1723 AD – 1790 AD Early Influencers - Germany Marx lived during the peak of the Industrial Revolution (1750-1890), specifically during what’s been called the Second Industrial Revolution Class division between: Proletarians – those who must sell their labour, (have nots) Bourgeois – those who buy the labour. (haves) wrote Communist Manifesto - The goal was to have an economic system that does not allow for the roles required in the capitalistic division of labour as described by Adam Smith. Predicted that the labourers would overthrow the greedy capitalists Karl Marx 1818 AD – 1883 AD Next week in LDRS 302 Groups? Classical Management Theory (Part 1) Fayol’s Administrative Theory Weber’s Theory of Bureaucracy Week 2 Forum (DUE Before next class) This week please respond to 2 people’s forum posts from last week. I will do a quick review of what a substantial post is. Make sure you are adding to the discussion not just summarizing