Fluent Essays

“Lab 1 Introduction to Science BIO250L” Student Name: Click here to enter text. Access Code (located on the underside of the lid of your lab kit): Click here to enter text. “Pre-Lab Questions” 1. What constitutes personal protective equipment? When should personal protective equipment be worn? Why is personal protective equipment important? Click here to enter text. 2. Why are there increasing levels of biological containment procedures? What level of biological containment will be necessary to complete the experiments in this manual? Click here to enter text. 3. What document should you refer to if you have questions regarding the safety or disposal of a chemical? Where can this document be located? Click here to enter text. 4. List five safety procedures that should always be adhered to when working with microorganisms. a. Click here to enter text. b. Click here to enter text. c. Click here to enter text. d. Click here to enter text. e. Click here to enter text. “EXERCISE 1: DATA INTERPRETATION What patterns do you observe based on the information in Table 4? Click here to enter text. Develop a hypothesis relating to the pH level of the culture media and the number of microbial colonies observed in each culture. Click here to enter text. What would your experimental approach be to test this hypothesis? Click here to enter text. What would be the independent and dependent variables? Click here to enter text. What would be your control? Click here to enter text. What type of graph would be appropriate for this data set? Why? Click here to enter text. Graph the data from Table 4. Include your name and access code handwritten on your graph. Interpret the data from the graph you made in Question 7. Click here to enter text. “EXERCISE 2: TESTABLE OBSERVATIONS 1. Fresh-baked bread develops mold more quickly than bread bought from the store. 0. Observation is . 0. Hypothesis: Click here to enter text. 0. Null hypothesis: Click here to enter text. 0. Experimental approach: Click here to enter text. 0. Independent variable: Click here to enter text. 0. Dependent variable: Click here to enter text. 0. Positive control: Click here to enter text. 0. Negative Control: Click here to enter text. 0. Data collection method: Click here to enter text. 0. Data presentation: Click here to enter text. 0. Data analysis: Click here to enter text. 1. Sally comes to work sick; two days later, three of her coworkers are also sick. 1. Observation is . 1. Hypothesis: Click here to enter text. 1. Null hypothesis: Click here to enter text. 1. Experimental approach: Click here to enter text. 1. Independent variable: Click here to enter text. 1. Dependent variable: Click here to enter text. 1. Positive control: Click here to enter text. 1. Negative Control: Click here to enter text. 1. Data collection method: Click here to enter text. 1. Data presentation: Click here to enter text. 1. Data analysis: Click here to enter text. 1. You accidentally left a carton of milk on the counter all night, and you notice that the milk tastes worse than it usually does when it is stored in the refrigerator. 2. Observation is . 2. Hypothesis: Click here to enter text. 2. Null hypothesis: Click here to enter text. 2. Experimental approach: Click here to enter text. 2. Independent variable: Click here to enter text. 2. Dependent variable: Click here to enter text. 2. Positive control: Click here to enter text. 2. Negative Control: Click here to enter text. 2. Data collection method: Click here to enter text. 2. Data presentation: Click here to enter text. 2. Data analysis: Click here to enter text. EXERCISE 3: ACCURACY AND PRECISION 1. Four new students are learning how to count bacteria colonies. They all count the same plate, and the first student counts 98 colonies, the second counts 115 colonies, the third counts 103 colonies, and the fourth counts 93 colonies. The professor tells them there are actually 107 colonies on the plate. 2. You want to make sure your incubator is operating at the correct temperature of 37˚C, so you place a thermometer inside the incubator and check it every hour for five hours. You record readings of 36.9˚C, 36.9˚C, 37.1˚C, 37.0˚C, and 37.1˚C. 3. You aren’t sure whether or not your pH meter needs to be calibrated, so you put it in a solution that you know has a pH of 7. Take four separate readings, which are reported as 5.5, 8.6, 7.2, and 9.4. 4. Your lab is working on sequencing a new plasmid. Before starting, you all decide to guess how many base pairs you think the new plasmid has. The lab members’ guesses are 4,005; 4,006; 4,007; and 4,010. It turns out the plasmid has 7,968 base pairs. 5. You try to measure out exactly 5.0 mL of water by eye into five different test tubes. When you go back and check, you find the amount of water in each tube is 4.8 mL, 5.3 mL, 5.2 mL, 4.8 mL, and 4.7 mL. Exercise 4: Importance of Hand Hygiene Data Tables Table 5: Colony Growth Plate Condition Growth Day 1 Growth Day 2 Growth Day 3 Growth Day 4 Growth Day 5 1 Hand without Washing Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. 2 Hand with Washing Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. 3 Yeast Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. 4 Deionized Water Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Post-Lab Questions 1. What purpose did plating the yeast serve in this experiment? What purpose did the water serve? Click here to enter text. 1. Which of the two hand treatments grew the most colonies? Click here to enter text. 1. What effect does handwashing have on the presence of bacteria? Click here to enter text. 1. Were there any colonies present on plate #2? What could account for the presence of these colonies? Click here to enter text. Insert a photo of your plates after incubation. Include your name and access code handwritten in the background of your photo. “Lab 2 Culturing & Aseptic Technique BIO250L” Student Name: Click here to enter text. Access Code (located on the underside of the lid of your lab kit): Click here to enter text. “Pre-Lab Questions” 1. Proper aseptic technique is crucial to ensuring growth of pure bacterial colonies. What is one experimental way you can test your practices to confirm that you are using proper aseptic technique? Click here to enter text. 2. In a laboratory setting, what are three ways you can properly sterilize culturing equipment? a. Click here to enter text. b. Click here to enter text. c. Click here to enter text. 3. For each inoculation tool, give one scenario in which use of that tool would be appropriate. Click here to enter text. 4. Why don’t microorganisms in cultures exhibit constant exponential growth? What are some steps you could take to extend the lifespan of a microbial culture? Click here to enter text. 5. Using a textbook or a reputable online source, describe how lab cultures are maintained in a continual pattern of growth. Focus particularly on those used in biotechnology, such as E. coli, which is used to make human insulin. Click here to enter text. 6. Which of these has a constant growth pattern: an open system or a closed system? Click here to enter text. 7. A human patient represents what kind of system for bacterial infections? Click here to enter text. 8. You’re a physician trying to isolate bacterial colonies from the human gut in attempt to diagnose a gastrointestinal infection. You streak your sample on a growth media containing glucose, amino acids, and salts that contain both sulfur and phosphorous with a pH of 7. You incubate the plates in aerobic conditions at 37 ˚C for three days, at which point you can see clear bacterial colonies forming on the plate. Would you feel confident in stating that you had successfully cultured all the bacteria from your gut sample? Why or why not? Click here to enter text. “EXPERIMENT 1: Agar Plate Preparation and Bacterial Inoculation Data Tables Table 1: Experiment 1 Colony Growth Plate Number Source Growth (Color, Amount, Shape, etc.) 1 Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. 2 Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. 3 Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. 4 Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. 5 Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Post-Lab Questions 1. Do some research and try to identify one to three types of microbes cultured on your plates. Using any resources available to you (i.e., a textbook or internet sources such as the CDC website), look up what bacteria are usually found on the areas from which you obtained your samples and the morphological characteristics of their colonies. Describe what morphological traits (i.e., size, shape, arrangement, color, margin, etc.) led to your hypothesized species identification. Be as specific as possible in the microbe type. Click here to enter text. 2. For the colonies hypothesized in Question 1, specify which plate and source the microbes came from. Are you surprised to find this type of microbe on this surface? Click here to enter text. 3. Looking at your control, did you perform proper aseptic technique or were your plates contaminated? If contamination did occur, list the possible sources and how you can prevent contamination in the future. Click here to enter text. 4. Was there a large risk for airborne contamination of your experimental plates? Based on the colonies that grew on your plates, do you think any of your experiment plates received airborne contamination? Click here to enter text. Insert a photo of your plates after incubation. Include your name and access code handwritten in the background of your photo. “EXPERIMENT 2: Bacterial Transfer to a Stab Tube and an Agar Plate Data Tables Table 2: Initial Reserved Plate Colony Growth Observations Plate Sample Appearance (morphology, etc.) 1 Click here to enter text. 2 Click here to enter text. 3 Click here to enter text. Table 3: Final Plate and Stab Tube Growth Observations Sample Form Growth (Yes or No) Same Appearance as Initial Plate (Yes or No) Successful Transfer? (Yes or No) 1 Plate 1 Stab Tube 2 Plate 2 Stab Tube 3 Plate 3 Stab Tube Control Plate Control Stab Tube Post-Lab Questions 1. Were all of your colony transfers successful? Explain what could have been the cause of any unsuccessful transfers. Click here to enter text. 2. Did you have any growth that was different in appearance from the initial plates? What might account for any differences in growth on the transfer plate/tube? Click here to enter text. 3. Describe why an unsuccessful transfer or growth of the transfer plate/tube differing from the initial plates would be a problem if this experiment were placed in a larger context (i.e., only one step in a longer experiment). Click here to enter text. 4. Do some research and describe two or three scenarios in which it would be preferable to use a stab tube vs. a growth plate. (Hint: What do bacteria use to help them move? Can motility be used to help identify many medically important pathogenic bacteria such as the Enterobacteriaceae?) Click here to enter text. Insert a photo of your plates and stab tubes after incubation. Include your name and access code handwritten in the background of your photo. “Lab 3 Structure & Microscopy BIO250L” Student Name: Click here to enter text. Access Code (located on the underside of the lid of your lab kit): Click here to enter text. “Pre-Lab Questions” 1. What determines if a bacterial cell is Gram-positive or Gram-negative? Click here to enter text. 2. In this lab, both viruses and prions were introduced as acellular organisms. Do some research and describe one other type of acellular organism. What characteristics about this organism classify it as acellular? Click here to enter text. 3. Bacteria have many different shapes that often determine their class. Research and form a hypothesis on the evolutionary reasons for so many different bacterial morphologies. Click here to enter text. 4. Do a search online or look in your textbook for 1-2 antibiotics that affect Gram-positive bacteria and list them. On what part of the cell do the antibiotics usually work? List one or two antibiotics that affect Gram-negative bacteria? On what part of the cell do the antibiotics usually work? (Be sure to cite your sources in your answer.) Click here to enter text. 5. Why do you think it is important to identify a bacterial disease in a patient before prescribing any antibiotic treatments? (Be specific.) Click here to enter text. “EXPERIMENT 1: Staining Data Tables Table 1: Experiment 1 Staining Observations Stain Used: Click here to enter text. Observations: Click here to enter text. Post-Lab Questions 1. How does crystal violet enhance the visualization of microbial features? Click here to enter text. 2. What are some of the limitations of simple staining? Click here to enter text. 3. Give an example of a situation in a lab or medical setting in which simple staining would be utilized. Click here to enter text. Insert a photo of your stain. Include your name and access code handwritten in the background of your photo. “EXPERIMENT 2: Negative Staining Data Tables Table 2: Experiment 2 Staining Observations Stain Used: Click here to enter text. Observations: Click here to enter text. Post-Lab Questions 1. After visualizing the stained samples either using your microscope or by looking at the sample images provided, describe what physical/visual characteristics you were able to observe after performing the negative staining vs. after performing the simple stain. Click here to enter text. 2. So far in this lab, you have used one type of simple stain and one type of negative stain, yet there are many other simple and negative dyes available. Pick one simple dye and one negative dye, and discuss how those dyes differ from the ones you used in this lab. Give a scenario in which their use would be appropriate. Click here to enter text. Insert a photo of your stain. Include your name and access code handwritten in the background of your photo. EXPERIMENT 3: Gram Staining Data Tables Table 3: Experiment 3 Staining Observations Stain Used: Click here to enter text. Observations: Click here to enter text. Post-Lab Questions 1. What color are the Gram-positive bacteria after Gram staining? Gram-negative bacteria? Click here to enter text. 2. What different characteristic(s) exist between the two groups that account for the different staining conditions? Click here to enter text. 3. Why was the Gram iodine added to the Gram staining procedure? Click here to enter text. 4. Why is a counterstain (safranin) added to the Gram staining procedure? Click here to enter text. 5. What are the advantages of performing a Gram stain vs. a simple stain for visualizing bacteria? Click here to enter text. 6. Using either a textbook or a reputable online resource, research some of the typical characteristics of bacteria, and discuss why it might be important for a researcher or a hospital technician to be able to differentiate between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Click here to enter text. 7. Did you experience any technical difficulties or atypical results during this experiment? If so, what happened, and how could you avoid these issues in the future? Click here to enter text. Insert a photo of your stain. Include your name and access code handwritten in the background of your photo. Lab 4 Selective Media & Agar BIO250L” Student Name: Click here to enter text. Access Code (located on the underside of the lid of your lab kit): Click here to enter text. “Pre-Lab Questions” 1. What is the difference between chemically defined and chemically complex media? Give either a clinical or environmental research example for which each media type would be the most appropriate choice for culturing microorganisms. Click here to enter text. 2. Why is differential media typically inoculated with isolated colonies that have been previously cultured on general growth media? Click here to enter text. 3. Use a textbook or a reputable internet source (such as www.cdc.gov) to research and describe a scenario in a lab or clinical setting in which a selective and/or differential test would be necessary. Click here to enter text. “EXPERIMENT 1: Bioprospecting for Starch Degrading Bacteria Data Tables Table 3: Starch Agar and Gram Iodine Results Sample Growth on Starch Agar? (Yes or No) Clear area around colonies? Do these bacteria contain amylase? A Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. B Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. C Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. D Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Post-Lab Questions 1. Why is cow manure used as a potential source of starch-degrading bacteria? (If you are not familiar with the process of digestion in cows, use a reputable internet source to inform your answer.) Click here to enter text. 2. What are some other potential sources of starch-degrading bacteria? Click here to enter text. 3. What component makes starch agar selective for starch-degrading bacteria? Click here to enter text. 4. Why were each of the following steps performed in this experiment? a. Serial dilution: Click here to enter text. b. Growth on the nutrient agar plates: Click here to enter text. c. Streak on the starch agar plates: Click here to enter text. Insert a photo of your plates. Include your name and access code handwritten in the background of your photo. “EXPERIMENT 2: Selection and Differentiation of Body Inhabiting Gram-Positive Bacteria Data Tables Table 4: Experiment 2 MSA Growth Observations Surface Tested Growth (Yes or No) – Nutrient Agar Growth (Yes or No) – MSA Agar MSA color around colonies (Red or Yellow) Other Observations Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Post-Lab Questions 1. What chemical in MSA confers selectivity? How? Click here to enter text. 2. What chemical makes MSA differential? How? Click here to enter text. 3. Why are the nutrient agar plates used in this experiment? Click here to enter text. 4. Was there any growth on you MSA plates? Did any of the colonies change the color of the MSA? What does this tell you about the bacteria taken from each area of your body? Click here to enter text. Insert a photo of your plates. Include your name and access code handwritten in the background of your photo. EXPERIMENT 3: Selection and Differentiation of Body Inhabiting Gram-Negative Bacteria from Liquid Samples Data Tables Table 5: MacConkey Agar Results Sample Growth? (Yes or No) Colony Color (Clear or Red) Analysis Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Experiment 3 Post-Lab Questions 1. What types of bacteria are inhibited on MacConkey agar? What ingredient(s) in MacConkey agar selects against those bacteria? Click here to enter text. 2. What ingredient(s) makes MacConkey agar differential? Click here to enter text. 3. Using a textbook and a reputable online source (such as the CDC), research and describe some potentially pathogenic members of the intestinal bacteria family Enterobacteriaceae. Which pathogenic species are lactose fermenters that will grow on MacConkey agar? Click here to enter text. 4. Use a reputable internet source to research and describe some potentially pathogenic intestinal bacteria that do not ferment lactose that will grow on MacConkey agar. Click here to enter text. 5. Use a reputable internet source to research and describe what variations of MacConkey agar can be used to detect other species of bacteria. Click here to enter text. 6. How would you verify that the colonies that grew on a MacConkey agar plate were Gram-negative? Click here to enter text. 7. Look up the formula for MacConkey agar either in a microbiology textbook or online. Is this a chemically defined or a chemically complex media? Why is that important? Click here to enter text. Insert a photo of your plates. Include your name and access code handwritten in the background of your photo. Lab 5 Eukaryotic Microbes, Parasitology, & Viruses BIO250L” Student Name: Click here to enter text. Access Code (located on the underside of the lid of your lab kit): Click here to enter text. “Pre-Lab Questions” 1. What is a model organism, and why is Saccharomyces cerevisiae so often used as one? Click here to enter text. 2. Research and discuss the properties of mold that make them sometimes beneficial to humans, and sometimes potentially harmful. Click here to enter text. 3. Parasitic helminths are a major cause of disease in undeveloped countries around the world. Discuss the role that microbiologists can and have played in helping to reduce the number of infections caused by parasitic helminths. Click here to enter text. “EXPERIMENT 1: Mold Growth on Bread and Fruit Data Tables Table 1: Experiment 1 Growth Results Condition Day of First Visible Growth Extent of Growth on Bread (Mean) Extent of Growth on Apple (Mean) Bright, Control Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Bright, Water Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Bright, Sugar Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Bright, Lemon Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Bright, Vinegar Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Dark, Control Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Dark, Water Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Dark, Sugar Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Dark, Lemon Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Dark, Vinegar Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Post-Lab Questions 1. Which condition produced the most mold growth? The least? The fastest? The slowest? Click here to enter text. 2. What was the purpose of examining three pieces of bread and three pieces of apple in each treatment? Click here to enter text. 3. Based on your results, what conditions are most favorable for mold growth on bread? On apple? Click here to enter text. 4. Would these conditions apply to all fungal growth? Click here to enter text. 5. Did you notice a difference in mold growth on the bread vs the apple? If so, what do you think might account for this difference? Click here to enter text. 6. How would changing the type of bread (e.g. fresh from a bakery, no preservatives vs. prepackaged with preservatives) affect the results? Click here to enter text. 7. How do you think changing the temperature at which the bags were incubated affected the results? Click here to enter text. 8. How would you test the predictions/hypotheses from Questions 6 and 7? Click here to enter text. 9. Look up the pH of lemon juice and vinegar. Based on your results and your knowledge of favorable environmental conditions for fungal growth, what can you conclude about the effect of pH on growth? Click here to enter text. 10. What is the source of the mold that grew on the samples? Click here to enter text. Insert a photo of your mold growth. Include your name and access code handwritten in the background of your photo. “EXPERIMENT 2: Microscopic Observation of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Post-Lab Questions 1. What information/structures were you able to glean from the Gram stain that you could not get from the methylene blue stain? Click here to enter text. 2. What information/structures were you able to glean from the methylene blue stain that you could not get from the Gram stain? Click here to enter text. 3. Is Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gram-positive or Gram-negative? Research and describe the composition of yeast cell walls. How does the composition compare to the cell walls of Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria? Click here to enter text. Insert a photo of your slide. Include your name and access code handwritten in the background of your photo. Lab 6 Food Microbiology BIO250L” Student Name: Click here to enter text. Access Code (located on the underside of the lid of your lab kit): Click here to enter text. “Pre-Lab Questions” 1. Escherichia coli is one of the most common causes of foodborne illness, yet it is also a common microorganism found within the human gut. What explains this disparity? Click here to enter text. 2. There are several foods and beverages listed in this lab that are created through the actions of microorganisms. Name five of the foods and the specific microorganisms that are used to make each of them. Click here to enter text. 3. Using an online research tool such as the A-Z index on the CDC website, explain why Listeria monocytogenes is a major threat to pregnant women and their developing fetuses, who are ten times more likely to get sick than other demographic groups. Click here to enter text. “EXPERIMENT 1: Assessing the Bacterial Load of Milk with Methylene Blue Results Tables Table 1: Time Required for Methylene Blue Color Change Milk Sample Start Time/Date (Step 10) End Time/Date (Step 11) Time Elapsed (End Time-Start Time) 0 hours Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. 1 hour Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. 3 hours Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. 4 hours Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Post-Lab Questions 1. On average, which sample took the least time to become white? Why do you think this was the case? Click here to enter text. 2. On average, which sample took the most time to become white? Why do you think this was the case? Click here to enter text. 3. How does refrigeration affect the number of bacteria present in milk? Click here to enter text. 4. How does pasteurization affect the number of bacteria present in milk? Click here to enter text. 5. What differences, if any, would this assay show if performed using raw (unpasteurized) milk? Click here to enter text. 6. What differences, if any, would this assay show if performed using milk that was past its expiration date and had an off-putting odor? Click here to enter text. Insert a photo of your tubes. Include your name and access code handwritten in the background of your photo. “EXPERIMENT 2: Yogurt Preparation Data Tables Table 2: Yogurt pH Results Sample (Step #) pH 2 Click here to enter text. 6 Click here to enter text. 10 Click here to enter text. 14 Click here to enter text. 15 Post-Lab Questions 1. Make a graph of the pH changes over the course of the experiment. Insert it below. How does the pH change at each step? Why? Click here to enter text. 2. What attributes does lactic acid confer to yogurt? Click here to enter text. 3. How does the consistency of the milk change during the production of yogurt? What facilitates this change? Click here to enter text. 4. What are the breakdown products of lactose? Click here to enter text. Insert a photo of your pH strips. Include your name and access code handwritten in the background of your photo. Lab 7 Microbial Genetics & Genetic Engineering BIO250L” Student Name: Click here to enter text. Access Code (located on the underside of the lid of your lab kit): Click here to enter text. “Pre-Lab Questions” 1. Which DNA nitrogenous bases pair with each other? Which bases are purines, and which are pyrimidines? Click here to enter text. 1. How is DNA information used to make proteins? What are the steps of this process? Click here to enter text. 2. Give an example of a scenario in which you would perform PCR vs a scenario in which you would use recombinant DNA technology. Click here to enter text. 3. What occurs during each of the three steps involved in the PCR cycle? How has the use of PCR changed biotechnology? Click here to enter text. 4. How could you take a protein with a known sequence of amino acids and use it to create an artificial gene? Click here to enter text. “EXPERIMENT 1: DNA Extraction Post-Lab Questions 1. What is the purpose of the following reagents in the experiment? a. Salt (in the DNA extraction solution): Click here to enter text. b. Detergent (in the DNA extraction solution): Click here to enter text. c. Ethanol: Click here to enter text. 2. What else might be in the ethanol/aqueous interface? How could you eliminate this? Click here to enter text. 3. What is the texture and consistency of the DNA? Click here to enter text. 4. Is the DNA soluble in the aqueous solution or in the alcohol? Click here to enter text. Insert a photo of your DNA. Include your name and access code handwritten in the background of your photo. “EXPERIMENT 2: Cloning a DNA Fragment to a Bacterially-Derived Plasmid Vector Data Tables Table 1: Fragment Lengths DNA Type Longest Length (in base pairs) Foreign Click here to enter text. Plasmid Click here to enter text. Post-Lab Questions 1. What is the expected size of the plasmid plus the cut foreign DNA? Click here to enter text. 2. What type of ends do the enzymes BamHI and EcoRI produce? How does this type of end facilitate cloning? Click here to enter text. 3. What enzyme is necessary to permanently link the digested foreign and plasmid DNA together to form the recombinant DNA molecule? How does this enzyme work? Click here to enter text. 4. How would you clone a gene into a plasmid if there were no common restriction sites between the two DNA sequences? Click here to enter text. Lab 8 Identifying an Unknown Organism BIO250L” Student Name: Click here to enter text. Access Code (located on the underside of the lid of your lab kit): Click here to enter text. Data Sheet 1. Insert your dichotomous key here. 2. Write your microorganism number here: Click here to enter text. 3. Fill in the following table as you complete the interactive. Test Observations Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. 1. What was the species of your assigned microorganism? Describe how you used your dichotomous key to come to this conclusion. Include any relevant tests and how the results helped you draw your conclusion. Click here to enter text. Insert screenshots of your tests for your microorganism: Gram Staining: FTM: Starch Test: