Caribbean Economic Development - Economics
Need assistance in this presentation assignment CARIBBEAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECON 3501 UNIT 9 –TOURISM INDUSTRY: STRATEGY FOR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT RESOURCE MATERIALS  Levitt, Kari; Witter, Michael (1996). The Critical Tradition of Caribbean Political Economy: The Legacy of George Beckford. Kingston. Ian Randle Publishers  Beckford; George (2000) Persistent Poverty; Underdevelopment in the Plantation Economies of the Third World. UWI Press.  Todaro Michael & Smith Stephen; C. (2011) 11 th Ed. Economic Development. Pearson Education & Addison- Wesley  Bhagwati Jagdish (2004). In Defence of Globalization, Oxford University Press  Blackman; Courtney. (2005). The Practice of Economic Management: Caribbean Perspective Kingston: Ian Randle Publishers  United Nations- UNDP, Human Development Report. World Bank- World Development Report 2 TOURISM  Tourism is a collection of activities, services and industries which deliver a travel experience comprising transportation, accommodation, eating and drinking establishments, retail shops, entertainment businesses and other hospitality services provided for individuals or groups traveling away from home.  Tourism is different from travel.  In order for tourism to happen, there must be a displacement: an individual has to travel, using any type of means of transportation (he might even travel on foot: nowadays, it is often the case for poorer societies, and happens even in more developed ones, and concerns pilgrims, hikers etc.). 3 TOURISM  Tourist - A visitor who travels to a country other than that in which he/she has his/her usual residence for at least one night but not more than one year, and whose main purpose of visit is other than the exercise of activity remunerated from within the country visited.  Such a definition includes domestic tourists where an overnight stay is involved (Staycation) and domestic excursionists who visit an area for less than 24 hours and do not stay overnight 4 TOURISM AND THE CARIBBEAN  Considering the Caribbean tourism industry, it is well known that the Caribbean is one of the premier tourism destinations in the world.  Changes in travel patterns, markets and traveller motivations have brought considerable growth and dramatic change to the region’s tourism sector.  In particular, persistent turbulence in other economic sectors in the region (such as agriculture and manufacturing sectors) has served to enhance the relative importance of tourism as an economic development strategy.  Therefore, Tourism is increasingly becoming crucial for the economic survival of local economies in most, if not all, islands in the region. 5 TOURISM AND THE CARIBBEAN  In 1970, the Caribbean region hosted around 4 million tourists, more than 30 years later this total reached some 17.1 million, achieving an estimated rate of increase of around 5% per annum.  Caribbean tourism has weathered the storms of three recessions in the early 1970's, 1980's and 2000’s, the oil crisis, the gulf war and the September 11th terrorist attack.  Tourism is the leading growth sector in most economies, as stagnation persisted in the traditional output and export sectors. 6 TOURISM AND THE CARIBBEAN 7  The region has remained the premier cruise destination in the world, with its share of world cruise bed days averaging around 51 percent in the last decade.  Since 1980, cruise passenger arrivals have grown at an average annual rate of 7% per annum, reaching a total of around 17.3 million in 2004. TOURISM AND THE CARIBBEAN  Tourism represents the biggest industry in the world. The consistent growth of tourists and tourism receipts over the decades since international travel became accessible to the general pubic, has convinced many developing nations that they can profit from tourism.  Caribbean countries, such as Jamaica and Barbados, have a history of tourism development, and the region as a whole has seen much growth in the sector.  Even with the global recession of the 1970s and early 1980s, tourist arrivals to the Caribbean rose 52.2% from 1978-1988. Islands that were not apart of this initial surge in tourism are eager to obtain their share of the spoils, and those who are old hands in the industry seek to maintain or surpass their share. 8 TOURISM AND THE CARIBBEAN  However, it is important that the Caribbean not take for granted their portion of the world’s tourists. In 1998, growth to Caribbean destinations was a slow 1.7%.  In order to ensure continuing success in the tourism industry, islands of the Caribbean need to aggressively pursue a strategy of sustainable tourism development. 9 TOURISM AND THE CARIBBEAN ECONOMIES  The Caribbean is recognized as one of the most tourism dependent regions in the world. With the exception of Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago and Haiti, the Caribbean islands are highly dependent on tourism as a source of foreign exchange.  Tourism is the single largest earner of foreign exchange in 16 out of the 28 countries in the Caribbean. In 1999, Tourism and the Travel industry attracted 41% of all capital investment that entered the Caribbean. 10 TOURISM AND THE CARIBBEAN ECONOMIES  The great importance that tourism plays in the Caribbean economy is reflected in the number of people employed by and the income generated from the industry.  It is estimated that the tourism industry directly and indirectly employs one in four people in the Caribbean and generates about $2 billion a year in income for the region.  Caribbean tourism employs more than 2.1 million people directly and indirectly, with the figure rising in some of our countries to as much as 25 per cent of the workforce. This makes tourism the biggest employer after the public sector.  However, many of these jobs are seasonal and very low-paid, while the money generated by internationally funded projects fails to reach locals. In fact, only 15 percent of the Chinese-funded Baha Mar construction project in the Bahamas found its way to local laborers. 11 TOURISM AND THE CARIBBEAN ECONOMIES  In land-based tourism, the total number of persons employed is often more than the total number of hotel rooms, leaving on average 1:3 employee room ratio.  In Jamaica, for example, the industry directly employs more than 30,000 people and generates $1.2 billion per year in income.  Due to tourism, most of the Caribbean islands economies are export- oriented, making their economies and their expenditures dependent on external consumers, which hold a relatively high share of the regional GDP.  Visitor expenditure in Anguilla, for example, represented 74.77 % of its GDP in 1998. 12 TOURISM AND THE CARIBBEAN ECONOMIES • Likewise, an examination of statistics from the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) reveals that many Caribbean states rely on tourism in much the same way. • Using the WTTC formula for total economic impact of tourism: (direct impact of travel and tourism plus indirect economic impact of investment) for the year 2012, the over-reliance is staggering. Jamaica (27.4 percent of GDP), St Lucia (39 percent of GDP), Barbados (39.4 percent of GDP), The Bahamas (48.4 percent of GDP), and Antigua & Barbuda (77.4 percent of GDP) provide a good sample of the regional trend. 13 TOURISM AND THE CARIBBEAN ECONOMIES  nn 14 TOURISM AND THE CARIBBEAN ECONOMIES  The Caribbean share of world tourism arrivals is triple that of South America and Western Asia.  Based on tourism receipts, Latin America and the Caribbean ranked eleventh in the world in 2000, and according to the Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO) its 34 member states grossed US$19 billion from tourism.  The Caribbean share of world tourism arrivals is 36.5% with growth rate of 9.3%. Cuba, Dominican Republic, and the Mexican Caribbean area have largely led growth. 15 TOURISM AND THE CARIBBEAN ECONOMIES 16  Unlike other industries, the tourist industry products are consumed at the place of production.  As a result, marketing and consumption of such products is largely based on the perception and wants of the tourist, which do not always reflect the realities and availabilities of the islands.  To attract tourists, the images of the islands are transformed into “exotic” and relatively unspoiled lands with a slower pace of life, thus allowing for tourism in the Caribbean to be based on Sun, Sea, Sand and Sex. TOURISM AND THE CARIBBEAN ECONOMIES  Tourism is important to the economies of the Caribbean and has been one of the major economic development drivers providing investment, employment and foreign exchange earnings for most of the Members of the Caribbean Community.  Furthermore, while most of our countries experience a deficit in trade in goods; this is offset by a surplus in trade in services, fueled mainly by receipts from tourism and travel-related activities.  During 2008-2009, for example, the deficit in trade in goods averaged 3.1 billion Euros. In that same period, the surplus generated from tourism and travel related activities averaged 2.5 billion Euros. 17 TOURISM AND THE CARIBBEAN ECONOMIES  The World Travel and Tourism Council has predicted that by 2021, the direct contribution of travel and tourism to Caribbean GDP will be 16.4bn Euros; its wider economic impact will be 50.83 billion Euros; and its total contribution to employment is projected to be 2.76 million jobs.  The industry is also forecasted to generate 27.17 billion Euros in export earnings with total investment in tourism reaching 6.o billion Euros or 12.5 per cent of total investment. 18 TOURISM AND THE CARIBBEAN ECONOMIES  The Caribbean tourism industry is the most important economic activity and principal foreign exchange earner for the region.  It is an effective tool to fight poverty and should be harnessed to better the lives of the region's poorer communities.  But there is still a need to increase the awareness of the Caribbean people of the importance of this industry to the economic and social wellbeing of the region.  Likewise, many Caribbean Governments have yet to recognize the industry's importance and develop policies that foster its sustainable development.  Economic Growth – Economic Development – Sustainable Development 19 TOURISM AND THE CARIBBEAN ECONOMIES  Tourism is the main foreign exchange earner for most of the region’s economies.  The Caribbean earns around $8 billion annually from foreign visitors, amounting to nearly one-half of all its foreign exchange earnings.  Eleven out of 17 countries for which data is available derive more than one-half of their foreign earnings from tourism.  The main risk factors in tourism are environmental degradation, crime and tourist harassment (travel advisories), adverse media publicity with over-concentration in the US and western European markets and intensified competition in the industry worldwide as the relative cost of air travel continues to fall. 20 COST OF TOURISM Infrastructure Cost  Tourism development can cost the local government and local taxpayers a great deal of money.  Developers may want the government to improve the airport, roads and other infrastructure, and possibly to provide tax breaks and other financial advantages, which are costly activities for the government. https://www.gov.tc/pressoffice/98-public-notice-cruise-ships-exemption- from-statutory-provisions-order-2015  Public resources spent on subsidized infrastructure or tax breaks may reduce government investment in other critical areas such as Education and Health. 21 https://www.gov.tc/pressoffice/98-public-notice-cruise-ships-exemption-from-statutory-provisions-order-2015 COST OF TOURISM Increase in prices  Increasing demand for basic services and goods from tourists will often cause price hikes that negatively affect local residents whose income does not increase proportionately.  Tourism development and the related rise in real estate demand may dramatically increase building costs and land values.  Not only does this make it more difficult for local people, especially in developing countries, to meet their basic daily needs, it can also result in a dominance by outsiders in land markets and in-migration that erodes economic opportunities for the locals, eventually disempowering residents. 22 COST OF TOURISM Economic dependence of the local community on tourism  Diversification in an economy is a sign of health, however if a country or region becomes dependent for its economic survival upon one industry, it can put major stress upon this industry as well as the people involved to perform well. Many countries, especially developing countries with little ability to explore other resources, have embraced tourism as a way to boost the economy. 23 COST OF TOURISM Seasonal character of jobs  The seasonal character of the tourism industry creates economic problems for destinations that are heavily dependent on it.  Problems that seasonal workers face include job (and therefore income) insecurity, usually with no guarantee of employment from one season to the next, difficulties in getting training, employment-related medical benefits, and recognition of their experience, and unsatisfactory housing and working conditions. 24 COST OF TOURISM Pollution  Without viable policies that address the driving forces behind tourist activities, the Caribbean islands will be unable to pursue a development agenda that meets the needs of the present population and does not compromise the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.  Though the Caribbean’s environmental problems are not limited to land and coastal resources, the types of tourism pursued in most of the islands have primarily revolved around and affected their land and costal areas.  In the case of the Caribbean, tourism development policies need to formulate a win-win scenario, where positive links between the environment and development are forged and which can eventually lead to environmental improvements and income growth, a more holistic form of development. 25 TOURISM AND DEVELOPMENT  Tourism has the capacity to play an enormous transformative role in our societies and our economies, creating new entrepreneurs in the industry as well as in other sectors. This requires human resource development through innovative education and training programmes. It also requires specific financial and other facilities to be developed to support the growth of new businesses.  While tourism undoubtedly offers great opportunity, it is a highly competitive industry. Therefore, our entrepreneurs need to respond creatively not only to new and emerging tourist centers, but also to provide innovative products for traditional markets.  Today, our countries are paying greater attention to strengthening linkages between tourism and other sectors of the economy, such as, Agriculture, Health, Education, Sports, Culture and the Natural Environment. 26 TOURISM AND DEVELOPMENT  For Caribbean tourism to become even more competitive, investments in the industry must be increased.  We must continue to seek private sector local and foreign direct investments in the industry, including from our European partners. We must continue to seek, equally, to provide access to financing on reasonable terms for the industry.  The public sector must continue to facilitate investments, marketing and other initiatives necessary for the survival, growth and expansion of the industry. It is only through continuous retooling, expansion , partners, to provide support for the industry. 27 TOURISM AND DEVELOPMENT  We need to find ways to support people who are involved directly or indirectly in the sector – be they Caribbean entrepreneurs or community-based groups –in order to enable them to take advantage of the opportunity to deliver new and exciting tourism-related services that will not only offer more choice to the consumer, but also ensure that local communities share more equitably in the wealth that tourism brings. 28 TOURISM AND DEVELOPMENT  Tourism in the Caribbean provides opportunity in many areas, including enhanced capacity to address unemployment, and rural poverty reduction, for example, through sport, culture and heritage tourism.  There is also significant opportunity to be derived from downstream activities of time-specific events, such as Carnival and Jazz festivals, as well as cultural art forms, such as Reggae, Ripsaw (rake & scrape), Soca and the Steel Pan. 29 TOURISM AND DEVELOPMENT  The most important economic feature of activities related to the tourism sector is that they contribute to three high-priority goals of developing countries: the generation of income, employment, and foreign-exchange earnings.  In this respect, the tourism sector can play an important role as a driving force of economic development. The impact this industry can have in the different stages of economic development depends on the specific characteristics of each country.  Given the complexity of tourism consumption, its economic impact is felt widely in other production sectors, contributing in each case toward achieving the aims of accelerated development. 30 TOURISM AND DEVELOPMENT  A major difficulty in defining the boundaries of the tourism sector is to ascertain what investment costs should be ascribed to the development of tourism.  Although not treated by international agencies as a “sector” in national accounting terms, tourism entails a collection of goods and services that are provided specifically for visitors and would not have been provided otherwise.  Because of its interdependence with other sectors of the economy, it is difficult to analyze and plan for tourism. The lack of reliable statistical data hampers identification of the mechanisms by which tourism generates growth, as well as its potential for development. 31 TOURISM AND DEVELOPMENT 32  Yet, in those instances where analysis has been carried out and research has preceded planning, tourism’s priority in competing for scarce investment funds has been established. In these cases, long-term programmes for tourism development have been designed.  Nature and heritage tourism development has investment needs that differ, in certain respects, from traditional tourist hotel development.  There may be a greater need to improve access to the attraction site or facility, and for a mode of development that does not interfere with a sensitive habitat or historic area. TOURISM AND DEVELOPMENT  Most of the Caribbean is struggling with problems associated with development, and these have been particularly exacerbated by the tourism industry.  At the same time, however, international development agencies and experts argue that tourism will contribute to Caribbean development.  The immediate need of Caribbean governments to generate foreign exchange, mainly through tourism, often leads to policies that compromise the environment, and which adversely affect the island populations, the supposed beneficiaries of these policies. 33 TOURISM AND DEVELOPMENT 34  The islands are struggling with pollution to coastal waters, the loss of productive reef and sea grass ecosystems, excessive erosion and sedimentation, overexploitation of coastal resources, and a reduction in drinking water quality and quantity.  These problems are largely due to development policies that concentrate on the short-term economic gains and ignore the role that the environment plays in attracting tourist to the islands. NEXT UNIT…  Creative Industry 35 Financial Management I Page 2 of 2 Individual Presentations Caribbean Economic Development Instructions: Students are to select two Caribbean nations to compare and contrast. Power point Presentation should be only fifteen (15) minutes long. Tourism Industry: Strategy for Growth and Development 1. explain the term tourism – international and domestic 2. identify the linkages across the economy with tourism agriculture, transport, attractions (tourism multiplier concept) 3. evaluate the negatives behind the current tourism models on the region 4. assess the contribution of tourism to the region’s growth and development Content: 1. Tourism - definition and meaning 2. Tourism multiplier linkages – foreign exchange, employment, all the direct and indirect gains 3. Costs of tourism – environmental, social (gambling, prostitution, HIV/AIDS, tourism harassment) 4. Community tourism vs all-inclusive model of tourism other tourism niche areas (eco-tourism) GUIDELINES FOR Presentations The following governing conditions apply to the Presentation: · The title page is to include the following in the order specified: 1/ Name of Education Institution (at top of page) 2/ Title of Course and Course code 3/ Name of Students and ID numbers 4/ Title of Project 5/ Date submitted 6/ Name of Lecturer. · Reference page (APA Format) · Font Size: No less than 18 pt. · Font Style: Times New Roman End of Assignment
CATEGORIES
Economics Nursing Applied Sciences Psychology Science Management Computer Science Human Resource Management Accounting Information Systems English Anatomy Operations Management Sociology Literature Education Business & Finance Marketing Engineering Statistics Biology Political Science Reading History Financial markets Philosophy Mathematics Law Criminal Architecture and Design Government Social Science World history Chemistry Humanities Business Finance Writing Programming Telecommunications Engineering Geography Physics Spanish ach e. Embedded Entrepreneurship f. Three Social Entrepreneurship Models g. Social-Founder Identity h. Micros-enterprise Development Outcomes Subset 2. Indigenous Entrepreneurship Approaches (Outside of Canada) a. Indigenous Australian Entrepreneurs Exami Calculus (people influence of  others) processes that you perceived occurs in this specific Institution Select one of the forms of stratification highlighted (focus on inter the intersectionalities  of these three) to reflect and analyze the potential ways these ( American history Pharmacology Ancient history . Also Numerical analysis Environmental science Electrical Engineering Precalculus Physiology Civil Engineering Electronic Engineering ness Horizons Algebra Geology Physical chemistry nt When considering both O lassrooms Civil Probability ions Identify a specific consumer product that you or your family have used for quite some time. This might be a branded smartphone (if you have used several versions over the years) or the court to consider in its deliberations. Locard’s exchange principle argues that during the commission of a crime Chemical Engineering Ecology aragraphs (meaning 25 sentences or more). Your assignment may be more than 5 paragraphs but not less. INSTRUCTIONS:  To access the FNU Online Library for journals and articles you can go the FNU library link here:  https://www.fnu.edu/library/ In order to n that draws upon the theoretical reading to explain and contextualize the design choices. Be sure to directly quote or paraphrase the reading ce to the vaccine. Your campaign must educate and inform the audience on the benefits but also create for safe and open dialogue. A key metric of your campaign will be the direct increase in numbers.  Key outcomes: The approach that you take must be clear Mechanical Engineering Organic chemistry Geometry nment Topic You will need to pick one topic for your project (5 pts) Literature search You will need to perform a literature search for your topic Geophysics you been involved with a company doing a redesign of business processes Communication on Customer Relations. Discuss how two-way communication on social media channels impacts businesses both positively and negatively. Provide any personal examples from your experience od pressure and hypertension via a community-wide intervention that targets the problem across the lifespan (i.e. includes all ages). Develop a community-wide intervention to reduce elevated blood pressure and hypertension in the State of Alabama that in in body of the report Conclusions References (8 References Minimum) *** Words count = 2000 words. *** In-Text Citations and References using Harvard style. *** In Task section I’ve chose (Economic issues in overseas contracting)" Electromagnetism w or quality improvement; it was just all part of good nursing care.  The goal for quality improvement is to monitor patient outcomes using statistics for comparison to standards of care for different diseases e a 1 to 2 slide Microsoft PowerPoint presentation on the different models of case management.  Include speaker notes... .....Describe three different models of case management. visual representations of information. They can include numbers SSAY ame workbook for all 3 milestones. You do not need to download a new copy for Milestones 2 or 3. When you submit Milestone 3 pages): Provide a description of an existing intervention in Canada making the appropriate buying decisions in an ethical and professional manner. Topic: Purchasing and Technology You read about blockchain ledger technology. Now do some additional research out on the Internet and share your URL with the rest of the class be aware of which features their competitors are opting to include so the product development teams can design similar or enhanced features to attract more of the market. The more unique low (The Top Health Industry Trends to Watch in 2015) to assist you with this discussion.         https://youtu.be/fRym_jyuBc0 Next year the $2.8 trillion U.S. healthcare industry will   finally begin to look and feel more like the rest of the business wo evidence-based primary care curriculum. Throughout your nurse practitioner program Vignette Understanding Gender Fluidity Providing Inclusive Quality Care Affirming Clinical Encounters Conclusion References Nurse Practitioner Knowledge Mechanics and word limit is unit as a guide only. The assessment may be re-attempted on two further occasions (maximum three attempts in total). All assessments must be resubmitted 3 days within receiving your unsatisfactory grade. You must clearly indicate “Re-su Trigonometry Article writing Other 5. June 29 After the components sending to the manufacturing house 1. In 1972 the Furman v. Georgia case resulted in a decision that would put action into motion. Furman was originally sentenced to death because of a murder he committed in Georgia but the court debated whether or not this was a violation of his 8th amend One of the first conflicts that would need to be investigated would be whether the human service professional followed the responsibility to client ethical standard.  While developing a relationship with client it is important to clarify that if danger or Ethical behavior is a critical topic in the workplace because the impact of it can make or break a business No matter which type of health care organization With a direct sale During the pandemic Computers are being used to monitor the spread of outbreaks in different areas of the world and with this record 3. Furman v. Georgia is a U.S Supreme Court case that resolves around the Eighth Amendments ban on cruel and unsual punishment in death penalty cases. The Furman v. Georgia case was based on Furman being convicted of murder in Georgia. Furman was caught i One major ethical conflict that may arise in my investigation is the Responsibility to Client in both Standard 3 and Standard 4 of the Ethical Standards for Human Service Professionals (2015).  Making sure we do not disclose information without consent ev 4. Identify two examples of real world problems that you have observed in your personal Summary & Evaluation: Reference & 188. Academic Search Ultimate Ethics We can mention at least one example of how the violation of ethical standards can be prevented. Many organizations promote ethical self-regulation by creating moral codes to help direct their business activities *DDB is used for the first three years For example The inbound logistics for William Instrument refer to purchase components from various electronic firms. During the purchase process William need to consider the quality and price of the components. In this case 4. A U.S. Supreme Court case known as Furman v. Georgia (1972) is a landmark case that involved Eighth Amendment’s ban of unusual and cruel punishment in death penalty cases (Furman v. Georgia (1972) With covid coming into place In my opinion with Not necessarily all home buyers are the same! When you choose to work with we buy ugly houses Baltimore & nationwide USA The ability to view ourselves from an unbiased perspective allows us to critically assess our personal strengths and weaknesses. This is an important step in the process of finding the right resources for our personal learning style. Ego and pride can be · By Day 1 of this week While you must form your answers to the questions below from our assigned reading material CliftonLarsonAllen LLP (2013) 5 The family dynamic is awkward at first since the most outgoing and straight forward person in the family in Linda Urien The most important benefit of my statistical analysis would be the accuracy with which I interpret the data. The greatest obstacle From a similar but larger point of view 4 In order to get the entire family to come back for another session I would suggest coming in on a day the restaurant is not open When seeking to identify a patient’s health condition After viewing the you tube videos on prayer Your paper must be at least two pages in length (not counting the title and reference pages) The word assimilate is negative to me. I believe everyone should learn about a country that they are going to live in. It doesnt mean that they have to believe that everything in America is better than where they came from. It means that they care enough Data collection Single Subject Chris is a social worker in a geriatric case management program located in a midsize Northeastern town. She has an MSW and is part of a team of case managers that likes to continuously improve on its practice. The team is currently using an I would start off with Linda on repeating her options for the child and going over what she is feeling with each option.  I would want to find out what she is afraid of.  I would avoid asking her any “why” questions because I want her to be in the here an Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of using an Internet site as means of collecting data for psychological research (Comp 2.1) 25.0\% Summarization of the advantages and disadvantages of using an Internet site as means of collecting data for psych Identify the type of research used in a chosen study Compose a 1 Optics effect relationship becomes more difficult—as the researcher cannot enact total control of another person even in an experimental environment. Social workers serve clients in highly complex real-world environments. Clients often implement recommended inte I think knowing more about you will allow you to be able to choose the right resources Be 4 pages in length soft MB-920 dumps review and documentation and high-quality listing pdf MB-920 braindumps also recommended and approved by Microsoft experts. The practical test g One thing you will need to do in college is learn how to find and use references. References support your ideas. College-level work must be supported by research. You are expected to do that for this paper. You will research Elaborate on any potential confounds or ethical concerns while participating in the psychological study 20.0\% Elaboration on any potential confounds or ethical concerns while participating in the psychological study is missing. Elaboration on any potenti 3 The first thing I would do in the family’s first session is develop a genogram of the family to get an idea of all the individuals who play a major role in Linda’s life. After establishing where each member is in relation to the family A Health in All Policies approach Note: The requirements outlined below correspond to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. At a minimum Chen Read Connecting Communities and Complexity: A Case Study in Creating the Conditions for Transformational Change Read Reflections on Cultural Humility Read A Basic Guide to ABCD Community Organizing Use the bolded black section and sub-section titles below to organize your paper. For each section Losinski forwarded the article on a priority basis to Mary Scott Losinksi wanted details on use of the ED at CGH. He asked the administrative resident