Fluent Essays

The following quiz tests your knowledge on reproductive physiology. Also, the answers to the quiz are provided. REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY QUIZ ANSWER TRUE OR FALSE (T) OR (F) AGAINST EACH STATEMENT 1. Sexual differentiation a. Genetic sex is the same as gonadal sex b. The presence of the second X chromosome determines female differentiation c. The Mullerian ducts develop into the internal organs of the female. d. The SRY gene on the Y chromosome produces testicular determining factor e. The 45XO phenotype is female. 2. Puberty a. Puberty is preceded by decreasing pulses of follicle stimulating hormone FSH b. Breast development precedes the growth spurt c. Pubic hair growth precedes axillary hair growth d. Menarche occurs between 9 and 17 years of age e. Menstrual cycles at menarche are usually regular 3. In Turner’s Syndrome a. A chromosomal structure of 45XY is characteristic b. Secondary amenorrhea is usual c. Coarctation of the aorta may occur d. The ovaries are multicystic e. Pubic hair is absent 4. Turner’s Syndrome a. May not present until delayed puberty or infertility is diagnosed. b. May have a male phenotype c. Is characterized by short stature, wide carrying angle and widely spaced nipples d. Is characterized by low oestrogen levels due to primary hypopituitarism e. The FSH and LH levels are usually markedly elevated. 5. In testicular feminization a. The chromosome status is XXY b. The gonads should be removed after puberty c. The patient adopts a male role and appearance d. Breasts are absent e. The voice is female 6. Menstruation a. Is not normally accompanied by pain b. Involves the discharge of blood, mucus and the unfertilized ovum c. The normal range of blood loss is 30 – 80ml d. Usually ceases before the age of 48 years e. Is often followed by fluid retention 7. In the menstrual cycle, ovulation: a. Occurs 2 days after the LH peak b. Occurs 14 days before the onset of the menstrual flow c. Occurs when progesterone secretion is at maximal d. Will only occur as a reflex response to orgasm e. May be inhibited by emotional disturbance. 8. Follicle stimulating hormone FSH: a. Is responsible for estradiol production from the granulosa cells b. Brings about follicular rupture c. Shows raised levels in polycystic ovarian syndrome d. Is necessary for the initial stages of follicle development e. Is necessary for the maintenance of the corpus luteum. 9. Pre-menstrual tension syndrome a. Mostly occurs in women under 25 years b. Is often accompanied by depression and irritability c. Is only relieved when the menstrual flow is completed d. Is exacerbated by psychosocial factors e. May be associated with acts of crime 10. The following are acceptable methods for confirmation of ovulation: a. A drop in basal body temperature of at least 0.5 degrees Centigrade on day 14 b. A blood progesterone level on day 21 c. Histological examination of premenstrual endometrial biopsy d. Blood estrogen level on day 13 e. Demonstration of spinnbarkeit in cervical mucus 11. The following values of a semen analysis indicate abnormal semen quality a. Volume of less than 2ml b. Density of 40 million/ml c. Motility of 40% d. Abnormal forms with an incidence of 40% e. Liquefaction complete in 30 min 12. Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) a. Stimulates the release of FSH as well as LH b. Is a peptide of high molecular weight. c. May be administered by single injection to simulate ovulation d. When given in high dosage causes pituitary desensitization and a fall in FSH and LH e. Is produced by acidophilic cells of the anterior pituitary. 13. Spermatogenesis a. Is a process requiring 110-120 days in the human male. b. Requires both FSH and LH to stimulate sperm maturation c. Is associated with an increase in testosterone in the intertubular tissue of the testis d. Is abnormal in a male with karyotype 47XXY e. Would cease in the absence of testosterone 14. Progesterone is a. Synthesized by the trophoblast b. Mainly excreted as pregnanediol glucuronide c. Synthesized from cholesterol d. A smooth muscle stimulant e. A glycoprotein 15. During the normal menstrual cycle a. Oestrogen is predominant during the proliferative phase b. Menstrual blood loss averages 150 ml c. Cervical mucous becomes more viscous at the time of ovulation d. Menstruation is preceded by a rise in plasma progesterone levels e. Menstruation is associated with dilatation of the basal segment of the spiral arteries within the endometrium. 16. Ovulation occurs a. Before the triphasic rise in temperature b. Before the LH surge c. Following follicular ripening by FSH d. Infrequently in women with amenorrhoea e. After the disappearance of cervical mucus ferning 17. In human genetics a. The total number of chromosomes in both normal males and females is 46 b. In the female the sex chromosomes are XY c. Chromatin positive cells (Barr body present) are characteristic of normal males d. The sexual differentiation of the fetal gonads occurs about the seventh week e. The Y chromosome determines the development of the ovary. 18. In Turners syndrome a. The patient usually has primary amenorrhoea b. The karyotype is 45XO c. The patient is usually tall d. There is poor breast development e. Mental retardation is common 19. Spermatozoa a. Contain 23 chromosomes b. Are produced at a faster rate when the testicular temperature is raised c. Require testosterone for normal development d. Require FSH for normal development e. Are produced from spermatogonia in approximately 20 days 20. In progesterone production and metabolism a. Only 10% of circulating hormone is free b. The main source of the hormone in human pregnancy is the corpus luteum c. Cholesterol is a precursor d. Liver is the main site of degradation e. The hormone causes increased excitability of the myometrium.