Fluent Essays

Instructions Continuing with the research plan you have been developing in Units I–IV, the assignment in this unit requires you to revise and refine the data analysis slide from your Unit IV PowerPoint Presentation and then explain your data analysis plan in depth. You must first revise your data analysis slide to give a clearer picture of your plan. § You may refer to the Unit V Lesson for a suggested data analysis framework, or you can create your own. § You may expand the data analysis section of your PowerPoint to include up to two additional slides. Next, after you have revised your PowerPoint slides, you will then write a two-page persuasive and detailed description of your data analysis plan in a Word document. § You must start with an introduction and then provide a discussion that demonstrates strong evidence of critical thinking. § Explain your choices and strategy for data analysis. § Explain the data sampling and distribution aspects of your plan. § You must use at least three academically reliable sources to support your discussion, one of which must come from the CSU Online Library. Finally, you will insert only your revised PowerPoint slides into your Word document as an Appendix. Inserting the revised slides as an image or object will suffice; you do not need to embed the active slides, and do not add the entire presentation. Your written paper must be at least two pages in length, not counting the title or reference pages or the Appendix. Adhere to APA Style when creating citations and references for this assignment. 1 5 Unit 2 Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation Professor’s Name Course Submission Date Effect of Childhood Experiences on Adulthood Hypothesis Adulthood persona, character traits, and psychological health are factors of an individual's childhood experiences whereby a positive childhood occurrence results in healthier traits, and a negative childhood experience translates to more tense adulthood. Null Hypothesis There is no relationship between childhood experiences and adulthood life Research Ethics “Effect of childhood experiences on adulthood” incorporates research ethics in various ways. The research entails collecting data from individuals on their childhood experiences and a thorough study on their recent behaviors and psychological health. The intention is to conduct legitimate research without harming or divulging the participant’s personal information. The study aims at providing a better understanding of the various personality traits and mental disorders in society today, thus it has a social and clinical value. The aspiration is to use the information gathered to care, prevent, inform and treat various physiological illnesses. The research topic is scientifically valid as it tackles an answerable question and had valid and feasible research methods. It is clear, explicit, comprehensible, and deserving. It is also unbiased as it aims at researching the health of individuals from all races, gender, or social status. The results of this study are beneficial to any human being as it addresses a topic relevant diagonally to all individuals (De Neve, 2013). Additionally, this research has minimal and manageable risks. The benefits outweigh any risks that can result from a childhood to adulthood psychosomatic health survey. The research survey is designed in such a way that it gives the respondents hope of healing and recovering from any trauma experience as opposed to just reminding them of their sad ordeals. The risk-benefit ratio translates to a positive impact on society. The research entails the informed consent of the respondents. The respondent’s compliance to voluntarily participate in the research with well-informed details on the purpose, risks, methods, benefits, risks are adhered to. The respondents are a volunteer who has the right randomly to answer to the question of their interest. The research also maintains ethics by ensuring privacy and respecting the right of changing the mind. Moreover, the researcher is keen to study the respondent’s welfare, change of reactions, and clinical health. Most importantly, the respondents will be informed of the results and information gathered from the research. This study can help any adult have scientific facts on their own mental, and personality traits as opposed to the implicit fallacies (De Neve, 2013). Inarguably this is a constructive and ethically apposite research study. Institution Review Board Expectations This research topic wholly touches on human personal life and experiences. The role of the Institutional Review Board is to ensure the human research projects are adhering to standard guidelines set to protect respondent’s rights, privacy, and welfare (De Ville et al., 2007). The aim of any human research project should be to explain disease, validate therapies, study behavior, evaluate curricular changes, monitor trends, and appreciate physiological processes. This research topic observes all these purposes and thus warrants approval from the Institutional Review Board. Additionally, the research is equitable, has reasonable risks, uses informed consent, and has noninvasive means of data collection. Having conceded to the most crucial guidelines of the Institution Review Board, the prospect is approval of the research project. However, the board may question the risks of evoking childhood traumas. The research study will entail respondents revisiting their childhood experiences, which sometimes can be upsetting and depressive (Michels, 2019). The board might call for changes in any questions that revive earlier emotional traumas on the respondents. The board may also suggest changes in the choice of the respondents depending on their psychological healthiness. Nevertheless, the research topic is compelling, defined, and ethically fit for endorsement by the Institution Review Board. References De Neve, J. (2013). Personality, Childhood Experience, and Political Ideology. Political Psychology, 36(1), 55-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12075 De Ville, K., Hassler, G., & Lewis, M. (2007). Rejuvenating a Foundering Institutional Review Board: One Institution???s Story. Academic Medicine, 82(1), 11-17. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.acm.0000250026.79494.1c Michels, R. (2019). Psychic Structure and Traumatic Memories Both Stem from Childhood. Psychiatry, 82(4), 307-308. https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.2019.1683398 1 6 Unit 1 Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation Professor’s Name Course Submission Date Effect of Childhood Experiences on Adulthood Purpose The research proposal aims at determining the correlation between childhood experiences with adulthood persona, character, and psychological health. This includes investigating the origin of adulthood personalities and the effect of negative and positive childhood experiences. Additionally, to determine the long-term and short-term outcomes of infancy and early childhood encounters. The study examines the increasing psychological health ailments and their interrelation with formative years, maternal health, and babyhood traumas. The aim is to have a scientific explanation of an individual’s psychological health progression from childhood to adulthood. Using divergent research methods the study aims to determine how our childhood translates to who we become and how to overcome some negative aspects of the traumatic infancy ordeal. Problem Statement In the recent past, there has been an increase in personality disorders, mental illness, depression, and anxiety in most adults. Statistics show that nearly 9.7% of American youths are suffering from severe depression and a similar percentage in adults (Young, 2018). With the increasing rate of mental health disparities, it is of key importance to determine the influence of childhood experiences on these ordeals. Childhood is a stage whereby a person undergoes physical, mental, emotional, and personality growth. Formative years shape the individual's beliefs, behavior, attitudes, perceptions, and general outlook on life. Most adults will associate their perceptions with early days whether positive or negative. A child's personality is determined by parenting, financial status, education sectors, and social influence. However, these traits may not be necessarily long-term as each person is exposed to diverse experiences in the process of growth. Genetics also plays a critical role in determining a person’s character and physiological health. Some study shows the maternal health also translates to several developmental aspects of an individual’s traits. There is a very minute gap between inherited, acquired, and deliberate personality traits in every adult that need to be tested. Every day we interact with individuals with diverse personality traits, behaviors, and perceptions. Notably, even siblings grown in a similar environment can portray divergent character traits (Alekseeva et al., 2014). Only one single gene is responsible for the personality characteristics of an individual. There are no specific genes for a particular trait thus each behavior pattern is determined by a combination of several genes acting on the developmental process of the brain and the nervous system. These developments combine with environmental exposure to shape the character traits of the child. The increases in mental and personal disorders in adults have constantly been blamed on childhood experiences (Bleidorn & Denissen, 2015). However, not all people with harrowing babyhood experiences exhibit negative character traits in adulthood. Individuals with the assumed proper childhood have experienced depression, anxiety, and other mental disparities. Similarly, individuals with traumatic childhood have displayed positive personality traits in adulthood. Understanding the influence of childhood occurrences on adulthood is thus a complex process that requires ardent statistical and scientific analysis. The human mind has some conscious, preconscious, and unconscious aspects. All these three levels of awareness play a crucial role in determining an individual’s behavior and reaction to different things in life. If the childhood experiences produce an adverse effect on adulthood behavior, then that would mean that most decisions in adults are unconscious. Yet, this is not always the case for adults exercise consciousness in most of their actions. All the same, the effect of unconscious and preconscious effects cannot be ignored. There is a dire need to distinguish between the results of childhood traumas and intentional behaviors in adults. Inarguably, childhood experiences may go a long way in shaping the physical, emotional, and psychological, sexual, and cultural outlook of an individual (Lee & Song, 2017). Nevertheless, it is significant to scientific rationalization on this claim. Whether positives experiences result in better adults and negative experiences in struggling adults is an issue of investigation as the supposed assumptions have some limitations. Research Method Research Method to test the effect of childhood experienced on adulthood, a quantitative research method will be applied. This research requires collecting statistical data on the divergent trends of behaviors among different individuals. While the qualitative focus on a subjective point of view, the quantitative approach enables gather wholesome numerical data from a huge population and convert it to usable statistics. This study requires correlation research whereby we compare the relationship between particular trains in childhood to adulthood. It is a cause and effect type of study where we scrutinize the cause and the resultant effect of various childhood or maternal ordeals and the later effects. To approach a substantial conclusion of this research a survey is needed to compare various individuals. A quantitative method is more scientific, objective, unbiased, and repeatable and handles a bigger sample, characteristics required in this research study. Research Approaches The research can take several approaches to attain a logical conclusion. Using the quantitative research method data is collected and converted into numerical form, and statistical calculations are done to draw scientific conclusions. An explanatory approach is applied whereby the origin, cause, and effects relationships of childhood's experiences on adulthood behaviors are explaining physiologically and scientifically. Since the research entails the collection of empirical data, a hypothesis is developed and tested with the results collected from the study. The research can also take a historical approach and study former patterns in personality, mental, and psychological health in relation to current trends. These approaches enable to scrutiny, examination, analyzing of various study to approach a logical conclusion on the effect of early life on adulthood experiences. This research study requires both a scientific and statistical approach to avoid fallacy assumptions. References Alekseeva, O., Kozlova, I., & Baskaeva, O. (2014). Interactions between siblings’ IQ and personality traits. Personality And Individual Differences, 60, S60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.259 Bleidorn, W., & Denissen, J. (2015). Virtues in action - the new look of character traits. British Journal Of Psychology, 106(4), 700-723. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12117 Lee, M., & Song, R. (2017). Childhood abuse, personality traits, and depressive symptoms in adulthood. Child Abuse & Neglect, 65, 194-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.02.009 Young, M. (2018). Treatment-Resistant Depression. Psychiatric Clinics Of North America, 41(2), 249-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2018.01.003 1 3 UNIT III Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation Professor’s Name Course Submission Date Effect of Childhood Experiences on Adulthood Literature Review There is extensive literature relating childhood experiences with adulthood personalities, temperament, and psychological health. A person’s childhood has a strong influence on their future health and well-being. Study shows that child abuse and upbringing in dysfunctional homes has a cumulative interrelation with the physical and mental well -being. In an article by Hughes studying the connection between adverse childhood and adult wellness, the number of mentally ill people was directly proportional to the rate of adverse childhood experiences (Hughes et al., 2016). The article is convincing as it surveyed adult's mental well-being, life satisfaction, and retrospective exposure. A similar study by lancet applied Meta-analysis and systematic review to analyze the relationship between poor childhood and adult depression, anxiety, and mental illness. The article analyses a sample of over 253,719 individuals providing substantial data. Lancet Meta-analysis confirmed that individuals with adverse formative years are at higher risks of mental illnesses later in life (Hughes et al., 2017). Nonetheless, these articles fail to explore the impact of positive childhood on adulthood well-being. Personality traits are usually linked with occupation, academics performance, and healthy lifestyles. In a detailed explicit article by Fletcher and Schurer, childhood maltreatment translates to neuroticism, and conscientiousness (Fletcher & Schurer, 2017). Using an empirical model, the article statistically discovers a close correlation between babyhood maltreatment occurrences and extraversion. Early childhood sexual abuse eventually results in adulthood neuroticism while neglect leads to lower conscientiousness and experience openness. Adulthood performance and educational performance have a strong relationship with some of the childhood ordeals. The article statistically proves the relevance of a healthy early life environment in modeling personalities (Fletcher & Schurer, 2017). An approved article on Evolutional psychology states that personality traits development originates from infancy years and is adversely affected by detrimental childhood incidents and parental care. Csatho and Birkas, influential psychologists related the life history theory with personality characteristics. The adversities in early life ultimately create specific behaviors, emotional and cognitive functions that transverse to adulthood (Csathó & Birkás, 2018). When asked how one become the person they are today, most people associate the root of their personalities, perceptions and believes, and attitudes on childhood. Adults are largely a product of temperament, parents, peers, social and ordeals that happened in their formative years. Positive childhood experiences are strongly linked with healthier adulthood well-being. Adults with a positive childhood are 72% less likely of suffering from depression and other mental torments (Bethell et al., 2019). Personality traits, character, and mental health are not only a product of childhood experiences but also genetics. Some traits and mental postures are imprinted in an individual’s DNA. Meticulous research has been conducted on twins, foster families, adopted children, and siblings to discover the gap between genetically inherited traits and environmentally influenced adulthood features. Psychiatric disorders and some personality traits such as neuroticism can be inheritable. In the research article” The Genetics of Human Personality”, it was revealed that there is a massive correlation in genetics, psychopathology, and personality, affirming that some neuropsychiatric diseases can only be solved genetically (Sanchez-Roige et al., 2017). Despite the substantial study on the relationship between childhood experience and adulthood, some crucial aspects have been overlooked. While adverse childhood experiences have repeatedly been linked with psychological disparities in adults and adolescents, the long-term effects of childhood occurrences whether positive or negative are understudied. Additionally, adulthood negligence and purposeful decisions have been wrongly related to childhood traumas without satisfactory psychological and scientific evidence. Most studies research the effect of a poor childhood on adulthood life creating a breach on the implications of a positive childhood in later life. There is a need to study deeper on traits that are genetically inherited and those acquired from childhood experiences. There is also less study on the aspects of childhood experiences that die out and those that undyingly remain in adulthood. Moreover, the concept of adverse childhood experiences translating to unhealthy adulthood and positive childhood result to healthy childhood is not always factual. References Bethell, C., Jones, J., Gombojav, N., Linkenbach, J., & Sege, R. (2019). Positive Childhood Experiences and Adult Mental and Relational Health in a Statewide Sample. JAMA Pediatrics, 173(11), e193007. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3007 Csathó, Á., & Birkás, B. (2018). Early-Life Stressors, Personality Development, and Fast Life Strategies: An Evolutionary Perspective on Malevolent Personality Features. Frontiers In Psychology, 9, 17-28. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00305 Fletcher, J., & Schurer, S. (2017). Origins of Adulthood Personality: The Role of Adverse Childhood Experiences. The B.E. Journal Of Economic Analysis & Policy, 17(2), 13-26. https://doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2015-0212 Hughes, K., Lowey, H., Quigg, Z., & Bellis, M. (2016). Relationships between adverse childhood experiences and adult mental well-being: results from an English national household survey. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 16-26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-2906-3 Hughes, K., Bellis, M., Hardcastle, K., Sethi, D., Butchart, A., & Mikton, C. et al. (2017). The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Public Health, 2(8), e356-e366. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(17)30118-4 Sanchez-Roige, S., Gray, J., MacKillop, J., Chen, C., & Palmer, A. (2017). The genetics of human personality. Genes, Brain And Behavior, 17(3), e12439. https://doi.org/10.1111/gbb.12439 Justin Mitchell Effect of Childhood Experiences on Adulthood Welcome! Today we will have a look at the Effect of Childhood Experiences on Adulthood. 1 A person’s childhood has a strong influence on their future health and well-being. Studies shows that child abuse and upbringing in dysfunctional homes has a cumulative interrelation with the physical and mental well -being. In an article by Hughes studying the connection between adverse childhood and adult wellness, the number of mentally ill people was directly proportional to the rate of adverse childhood experiences (Hughes et al., 2016). 2 Lancet A similar study by lancet applied Meta-analysis and systematic review to analyze the relationship between poor childhood and adult depression, anxiety, and mental illness. The article analyses a sample of over 253,719 individuals providing substantial data. Lancet Meta-analysis confirmed that individuals with adverse formative years are at higher risks of mental illnesses later in life (Hughes et al., 2017). 3 Personality Traits Personality traits are usually linked with occupation, academics performance, and healthy lifestyles. In a detailed explicit article by Fletcher and Schurer, childhood maltreatment translates to neuroticism, and conscientiousness (Fletcher & Schurer, 2017). Using an empirical model, the article statistically discovers a close correlation between babyhood maltreatment occurrences and extraversion. 4 Early childhood sexual abuse eventually results in adulthood neuroticism while neglect leads to lower conscientiousness and experience openness. Adulthood performance and educational performance have a strong relationship with some of the childhood ordeals. The article statistically proves the relevance of a healthy early life environment in modeling personalities (Fletcher & Schurer, 2017). 5 An approved article on Evolutional psychology states that personality traits development originates from infancy years and is adversely affected by detrimental childhood incidents and parental care. Csatho and Birkas, influential psychologists related the life history theory with personality characteristics. The adversities in early life ultimately create specific behaviors, emotional and cognitive functions that transverse to adulthood (Csathó & Birkás, 2018). 6 Adults with a positive childhood are 72% less likely of suffering from depression and other mental torments. (Bethell et al., 2019). 7 The Genetics of Human Personality”, it was revealed that there is a massive correlation in genetics, psychopathology, and personality, affirming that some neuropsychiatric diseases can only be solved genetically. (Sanchez-Roige et al., 2017). 8 Despite the substantial study on the relationship between childhood experience and adulthood, some crucial aspects have been overlooked. While adverse childhood experiences have repeatedly been linked with psychological disparities in adults and adolescents, the long-term effects of childhood occurrences whether positive or negative are understudied. 9 Additionally, adulthood negligence and purposeful decisions have been wrongly related to childhood traumas without satisfactory psychological and scientific evidence. Most studies research the effect of a poor childhood on adulthood life creating a breach on the implications of a positive childhood in later life. There is a need to study deeper on traits that are genetically inherited and those acquired from childhood experiences. There is also less study on the aspects of childhood experiences that die out and those that undyingly remain in adulthood. Moreover, the concept of adverse childhood experiences translating to unhealthy adulthood and positive childhood result to healthy childhood is not always factual. 10 References Bethell, C., Jones, J., Gombojav, N., Linkenbach, J., & Sege, R. (2019). Positive Childhood Experiences and Adult Mental and Relational Health in a Statewide Sample. JAMA Pediatrics, 173(11), e193007. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3007 Csathó, Á., & Birkás, B. (2018). Early-Life Stressors, Personality Development, and Fast Life Strategies: An Evolutionary Perspective on Malevolent Personality Features. Frontiers In Psychology, 9, 17-28. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00305 Fletcher, J., & Schurer, S. (2017). Origins of Adulthood Personality: The Role of Adverse Childhood Experiences. The B.E. Journal Of Economic Analysis & Policy, 17(2), 13-26. https://doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2015-0212 Hughes, K., Lowey, H., Quigg, Z., & Bellis, M. (2016). Relationships between adverse childhood experiences and adult mental well-being: results from an English national household survey. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 16-26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-2906-3 Hughes, K., Bellis, M., Hardcastle, K., Sethi, D., Butchart, A., & Mikton, C. et al. (2017). The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Public Health, 2(8), e356-e366. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(17)30118-4 Sanchez-Roige, S., Gray, J., MacKillop, J., Chen, C., & Palmer, A. (2017). The genetics of human personality. Genes, Brain And Behavior, 17(3), e12439. https://doi.org/10.1111/gbb.12439